Presence Of Waste Research Articles

Analysis of the role of local government in the prevention of environmental damage of Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia

This study aims to investigate the evaluation of the Lake Toba Priority Tourism Master Plan (LTPTMP) for the year 2022. Employing a qualitative research design, the research utilizes a thematic approach. Data collection involves interviews, observations, focus group discussions (FGDs), and document studies. The selection of informants is done through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis is employed for data analysis. Findings indicate that key stakeholders, such as local governments and ministries, exhibit a good understanding and implementation of the LTPTMP. However, the community and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Lake Toba region lack awareness and knowledge regarding the LTPTMP. Challenges in implementing the plan include issues like lake water pollution, deforestation, the presence of waste, especially in tourist-frequented areas, low public understanding and awareness of resource conservation, and inadequate management by the Regional Government. Furthermore, the incomplete infrastructure network hampers visitors’ ability to explore various sites.

Analysis of the micro-drainage infrastructure on an avenue in the city of Aracaju-SE

The urban drainage system plays a vital role in the lives of people living in urban areas, protecting properties and citizens during heavy rainfall, preventing erosion on streets and public roads, and other benefits. To create an efficient drainage system, attention must be paid to the design, execution, and supervision of works by qualified professionals, as well as the maintenance of existing works. Because of the above, this article aims to analyze the micro-drainage infrastructure of Avenida Edélzio Vieira de Melo, in the city of Aracaju-SE. Initially, an in loco visit was made to assess the state of conservation and the presence of waste in the gutters and gutter inlet. It was observed that 51.2% of the gutter inlets are located in an undesirable way; 60.5% are partially or totally degraded and 81.4% have solid waste disposal. About the manholes, 90% are inadequately located, 80% are partially or totally degraded, and, finally, 70% are level with the sidewalk. The conclusion is that the devices need to be cleaned more frequently, and the population needs to be made more aware not to throw garbage in the street, since the presence of solid waste negatively affects the functioning of the drainage network. Finally, the location of the devices (manholes and gutter inlets) affects their efficiency, and durability and interferes with the comfort of those who use the road.

Interdependence in Coastal Tourist Territories between Marine Litter and Immediate Tourist Zoning Density: Methodological Approach for Urban Sustainable Development

The coastal strip, characterized by the urbanization of coastal tourist territories (CTTs), has expanded over decades through civil engineering, altering the shoreline dynamics and creating artificial beaches crucial for tourism. To examine the relationship between extensive land use in CTTs for tourism and residences and the presence of marine litter, a specific parametric study was conducted along the coast of Tenerife, the largest island in the Canary Islands. Due to Tenerife’s geographical location and exposure to the descending Gulf Stream flow, the coastal waters in the selected zone experience waste impact at both local and global scales. However, the presence of marine litter deposited by ocean currents is at a micro level and falls outside the scope of this report. This study parameterised urban reality in study areas, and the presence of macro waste has been parameterised using standardised units of measurement. This enables the establishment of source measurements that will contribute to preventative measures against this type of coastal pollution. The interdependence between tourist zoning, civil seafront engineering works along the seafront, and marine litter presence in inaccessible and visible areas for tourists requires a methodology to better understand waste origin and loading areas. This knowledge is crucial for an effective local monitoring system. A quantitative overlay reading methodology has been designed in the urban setting through calculations of urban densities, while examining the waste in these areas’ immediate infralittoral flooring through the use of visual underwater extraction. Anticipating the type and quantity of waste in each area will allow for the implementation of effective awareness, promoting action for preventative and corrective measures at the urban level. The results show a direct dependence between urban density and the presence of waste, as well as an equation that makes it possible to anticipate the amount of waste according to urban density and its relational vector. There is no discontinuity between them, as each area is affected by others to the extent that they establish the parametric continuity conditions determining each field. Therefore, it is possible to relate them beyond a one-on-one relationship. This approach fosters sustainable tourism development, reducing pressure on the sea and enhancing the utilisation of tourism revenues in measures to address waste-related challenges and promotes sustainable tourism development in Europe’s coastal regions.

The Sensitivity Level of the Coastal Areas in Bulukumba Regency to Waste Pollution

The presence of waste in coastal environments can lead to increased coastal damage and burden. Most of the population's activities in Bulukumba Regency are concentrated in coastal areas, thus making this region susceptible to significant pressure from waste pollution. This research aims to determine the level of coastal area sensitivity in Bulukumba towards waste pollution. The study was conducted from October to December 2022. The research location is the coastal area of Bulukumba Regency, which includes seven subdistricts: Gantarang, Ujung Bulu, Ujung Loe, Bonto Bahari, Bontotiro, Herlang, and Kajang. Primary data were obtained through interviews and direct observations at the research locations, while secondary data were collected through literature studies and relevant institutions in Bulukumba. The results of parameter weighting using the expert judgment method indicate that five important parameters are used to assess the sensitivity of the coastal environment to waste pollution. These parameters consist of current velocity (20.27%), distance of the ecosystem from the harbor (18.92%), distance of the ecosystem from settlements (18.92%), distance of the ecosystem from rivers (17.57%), and the presence of waste on the coast (17.57%). The distribution of coastal environmental sensitivity levels to waste pollution shows that the eastern coastal areas are more sensitive to waste pollution than the southern coastal areas. The current velocity is the most significant parameter influencing the coastal environment's sensitivity to waste pollution and holds the highest weight and score across all research areas.

Climate Change Mitigation Through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program

Climate change is a problem that must be taken seriously. Climate change is also caused by the presence of waste that continues to grow. The majority of waste sources in Indonesia come from household waste. Waste management can be carried out directly at the source by processing it through groups in the community, as is done by TPST Masa Sejati and PETRATONIK. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to explain community-based organic waste management which has an impact on climate change mitigation at PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional RU V Balikpapan. Efforts to handle waste are carried out by processing organic waste into compost using the Takakura method and bioconversion of waste through BSF. Besides being useful for reducing waste, this handling activity also provides added value to the community's income. The results of this study show that the CSR program carried out by PT Pertamina Internasional RU V Balikpapan Refinery enables the community to process organic waste in their environment (the source) into something of economic value and has implications for reducing methane gas, which is one of the greenhouse gases that is released into the atmosphere. This CSR program is able to reduce 3.3% of methane gas produced by total waste in Balikpapan City.

Capitale geografico sfruttabile

The landscape is changing to accommodate the disposal and collection of waste. More than 30.000.000 tons of urban, and 1.000.000 of special are produced in Italy every year and their management is diversified and requires adequate systems such as incinerators which dispose of them through combustion and landfills which are definitive deposits among the most ancient techniques and among the most dangerous for the environment. Observing the rubbish magma as it is received by the landscape is today's challenge that the research cartographically documents by focusing on the one hand on simple cataloguing as numerically significant data in itself, and on the other on the analysis of the aspects linked to the phenomena of new urbanization or phenomena modification of the existing one that this proliferation of disposal plants determines. We can say a moving seismograph that documents a reality that invades the territory in surprisingly different ways in time and space and whose research reveals the unexplored architectural potential by taking an example from that process which sees places altered by the presence of waste, once perceived as inhospitable, to be transformed into real project opportunities as evidenced by the numerous parks or the ‘energy bases’ built in places previously abandoned and taken away from the city that welcomes them

Pola Hubungan Faktor Lingkungan Dengan Kejadian Chikungunya Di Wilayah Temanggung Jawa Tengah

In the world around 17% of human infectious diseases are caused by viruses transmitted anthropods such as chikungunya fever. Chikungunya fever is a disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a type of ribonucleic acid virus (RNA) is transmitted through Aedes aegipty bites. Acute Chikungunya infection in humans can cause sudden fever, joint pain, rashes. Indonesian was reportedly 241 cases of Chikungunya cases in 2021, in the Temanggung Regency until 2022 there were no cases of Chikungunya. On July 26, 2022 there was a suspected Chikungunya in Temanggung I Village as many as 17 people Temanggung Health Center Work Area. The aims of study was to determine relationship between environmental factors and suspected chikungunya. Research used the quantitative with a case control design. The sampling technique uses a total sampling of 17 cases with a sample ratio of 1: 1 (17 cases and 17 controls), analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that environmental factors variables presence of larvae (OR 5,958, p = 0.016), presence water reservoirs (or 4,643, p = 0.037), presence of waste (OR 4,400, p = 0.039), and occupancy density (OR 5,760, p = 0.016) has a significant pattern of relationship with the suspected Chikungunya.

Pollution Load Analysis of Wonokromo River with Program System Dynamics (STELLA)

Population growth, the increase in the industrial sector and the presence of waste from activities that haven’t been treated properly can make a water river being contaimined high pollutants. The pollutant parameters identified is Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and E.Coli. One of the polluted rivers is Wonokromo River which is located in Surabaya City, according from monitoring results Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai (BBWS) Brantas in 2021 the pollutant value in river with TSS is 484 mg/L, BOD is 15.96 mg/L, COD 23.91 mg/L, DO 3.67 mg/L, and E.coli 4.283 MPN/100 ml from the monitoring data included polluted category. Depectin model of water river conditions using the STELLA program. The results indicate that the water quality of the Wonokromo River is polluted with the parameters TSS, BOD and E. Coli, determination refers to Goverment Regulations number 22 in 2021 about “Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management” in clasification II for raw water. So Wonokromo River is not suitable as a source of raw water in that year and a policy scenario is needed to reduce water river pollution.

SOSIALISASI PEMBUATAN ECO-ENZYME SEBAGAI PUPUK CAIR DAN DESINFEKTAN ALAMI DI DESA ADAT GUWANG KABUPATEN GIANYAR

During religious ceremonies, the presence of waste tends to increase, dominated by organic and household waste. The composition of organic waste is mostly caused by ceremonial waste from a series of leaves or fruits. The same thing happened in the Guwang Traditional Village, Gianyar Regency. This activity aims to find out the existence of waste and waste banks in the Guwang Sukawati Traditional Village and to socialize the manufacture of eco-enzymes, through several stages including conveying the benefits of eco-enzymes, demonstrating the making of eco-enzymes, to the stage of module distribution and evaluation involving local community. The socialization of making eco enzyme was highly appreciated and enthusiastically welcomed by the pekaseh and members of the Babakan subak in the Guwang Traditional Village, this is because the farmers can directly feel and use it. This socialization is also very right on target because it is directly given to farmers in the village and is expected to open their horizons in managing organic waste and using environmentally friendly fertilizers.

ESTIMATION OF WHEAT FLOUR PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN A STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS FOR THE YEAR 2019 BAGHDAD GOVERNORATE CASE STUDY

The study aimed to estimate a stochastic frontier production function and the inefficiency function for the production of wheat flour, in addition to estimating the technical efficiency of flour mills in Baghdad Governorate for the year 2019, as a sample of 53 mills was collected. The function was estimated in two periods according to a stochastic frontier method using the frontier 4.1 program. The results showed that the sign of the working hours parameter appeared positive and explained the positivity of the variable on the quantity of flour production in the study sample, and the value of elasticity indicates in the second stage of production stages, but its effect is not significant in the efficiency model. As for the parameter of the variable capital quantities, its sign appeared negative and was at a significant level of 1%. It indicates the presence of waste in the quantity of the input and indicates the value of elasticity in the third stage of production. As for the variable quantities of raw wheat, its parameter sign is positive and below a significant level of 1%. The elasticity value indicates that it is in the first stage of the production stages. As for the inefficiency model, the experience was the only variable that affected the model, the result of which was that the producers with little experience had a significant impact on the inefficiency model at the 10% level. As for estimating the technical efficiency, all sample mills moved away from achieving the optimum size of production. The study recommended the necessity of modernizing milling machines and allocating additional quantities of raw wheat, because the second period witnessed high levels of technical efficiency for sample mills

Linking marine litter accumulation and beach user perceptions on pocket beaches of Northern Sardinia (Italy)

Marine litter is a global issue, and one way to face this problem is to increase citizen knowledge and awareness. In our study, we analyzed and quantified the abundance of marine litter on 5 pocket beaches located in North Sardinia. From the 7975 collected items, plastic was the most important litter category. Regarding the MLs' sources, no-sourced and public litter were the most abundant. Waste density is quite high and characterized by great variability, due to two site-specific factors: geomorphological control and human influences. Those key aspects underlying the importance of further understanding marine debris fate and transport and human behaviors because they denote a crucial role to achieve effective marine debris management.In addition, social surveys were performed to assess users' perceptions and knowledge of marine litter. The results of the interviews show that people are aware of the negative impacts that may arise from the presence of waste, and recognized that the presence of litter on the beach is mainly due to human behavior. However, the comparison of beach users’ perceptions and the marine litter collected reveals that users only have partial knowledge of the waste composition, requiring further actions involving different targets.

DESEMINASI TEKNOLOGI PRODUKSI BRIKET BIOARANG DARI BIOMASSA BAGI MASYARAKAT SAMBIREJO PARE KEDIRI

Desemination about the business of making biocharcoal briquettes from biomass waste for the people of Sambirejo Village, Pare District, Kediri Regency, East Java is one of the efforts to handle waste, efforts to find alternative energy sources and business opportunities for charcoal briquette production. The availability of biomass waste in Sambirejo Village is very abundant, but cannot be utilized. People in general have realized that the presence of waste if not handled properly will cause inconvenience to life, such as: accumulation of garbage that takes up space and unhealthy residential environment and if burned it also causes smoke that pollutes the environment. Therefore, the handling of waste and its utilization to produce charcoal briquettes need to be educated and trained for the people of Sambirejo, especially environmentalists and enthusiasts of the use of appropriate technology. For this reason, the Charcoal Briquette Team, Faculty of Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University in collaboration with the Gubug Lazaris Community managed by the Priests of the Congregation of Missions intends to organize counseling on making charcoal briquettes for the people of Sambirejo Village in a scheduled and sustainable manner. From these activities, it is hoped that technology transfer will take place so that the community has the skills to produce charcoal briquettes according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) in terms of specifications for carbon content, volatile matter, water, ash, density and calorific value, which in the end the community has the ability to implement it in charcoal briquette manufacturing business.

Enhance quality improvement through lean six sigma in division Side Board Clavinova Piano’s

A lean production system is one of the main factors that every company must have to improve quality, especially reducing waste that occurs in the production line. The musical instrument industry such as Piano manufacturing includes industries that reduce waste by improving the manufacturing system. The company’s strategy to eliminate this waste is to create an effective and efficient work system. The piano production process still has several problems, such as the presence of waste. This is an obstacle in improving the quality of production by reducing the waste that occurs. For this reason, this research focuses on improving the quality of production by reducing waste that occurs, finding the cause of the problem and taking corrective action. The method used in this research is the integration of Lean and Six Sigma and the DMAIC framework. The process is waste flow and production problems are identified in Define phase and residual measurement is measured in Measurement phase. Fishbone diagrams and the application of FMEA are used to analyze the factors that cause problems that occur and prioritize improvements to solve these problems. The implementation of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is applied to the Enhance of quality improvement phase to reduce waste. The results showed that product quality increased from an average sigma level of 3.53 to 3.79 where overproduction decreased by 41% and Side Board production leadtime decreased by 373 second.

Distribution and Composition of Marine Debris in the Shoreline Area of Bone Bay Indonesia

Indonesia is the world’s second greatest producer of plastic waste after China. The bulk of waste produced accumulates in metropolitan regions due to the increasing population, and the situation has spread to rural areas with a limited population. The residents of the Sinjai Regency have felt the impact of the growing amount of debris, and it is expected to worsen without immediate action. Coastal locations that accommodate waste from land and water are mostly affected by debris. The study was conducted in Bone Bay, Sinjai Regency’s coastline area. The bay’s condition is sheltered to decrease the current strength, but it varies from season to season. Furthermore, it used shoreline survey methodology, where debris grouping consisted of plastics, metal, rubber, glass, clothing, and others. The debris data were calculated and analyzed based on the seasons of the west (January) and east (July). The data were associated with the current pattern model in Bone Bay waters based on the season. In January and July, 86% of waste was plastic, 3% was metal, 4% was rubber, 2% was clothing, while 5% and 4% were glass. No other types of waste were identified in January, while 1% was detected in July. Garbage that enters through rivers, garbage deposited by local residents, and tourism activities at the four observation areas are all contributing to the presence of waste in Sinjai’s coastal area.

Biodegradable Nonwovens with Poultry Feather Addition as a Method for Recycling and Waste Management.

Geotextiles are used for separation, drainage, filtration and anti-erosion protection sealing, as well as to improve plant vegetation conditions. The research objective of this study was to verify the influence of the addition of poultry feathers on accelerating the biodegradation of nonwovens in cultivated soil. The tests were carried out in laboratory conditions and were based on the assessment of weight loss. The experiments confirmed the positive effects of the presence of waste that was rich in keratin on the time required for the biodegradation of the tested materials (the period of biodegradation was 8–24 weeks). Additionally, the influence of the biodegradation of the tested materials on the ecotoxicity was investigated and showed no negative effects on the microbiological activity (106 cfu). The research also included the determination of the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the test medium (blank, 12–14:1; with feather addition, 19–20:1). A statistical analysis revealed a correlation between the mechanical properties and the period of biological decomposition. This research was an important step for the management of poultry feather waste in agricultural applications. The tested materials could be seen an alternative that meets all ecological criteria, which seems to be a golden solution that not only allows the delivery of important nutrients to the soil, but also manages waste in an environmentally safe manner.

Praktik Pengelolaan Limbah Industri Dalam Perspektif Maqasid Syari’ah

The existence of an industry is very synonymous with the presence of waste. Waste if disposed of carelessly will cause pollution to the environment and will affect human health. Therefore, to avoid pollution, management is needed to minimize the impact of the waste. As well as the management carried out by tapioca flour producers in Kaliboto Village, Tarokan, Kediri, although management efforts have been carried out, there is still pollution found. Based on these problems, the focus of this research is how waste management practices in the tapioca flour home industry of Kaliboto Village, Tarokan District, Kediri Regency in the perspective of maqasid syari'ah. This research is a case study using a qualitative approach. The primary data source in this study is the results of observations and interviews with tapioca flour home industry managers, village governments and local communities. The result of this study is that there are several efforts that have been appropriate or not in accordance with the value of shari'ah maqasid. First, from the value of hifdz an-nafs that have been appropriate, namely maintaining health by increasing the productivity of livestock through feeding that contains high nutrition and meets the needs of life by managing waste. The management that is not yet appropriate is the lack of maximum management of liquid waste so that it can endanger yourself and others. Second, from the value of hifdz al-mal, namely obtaining property in a good way through waste management so that it can get additional income and open new businesses.

Tobolsk District Union of Consumer Societies in 1920s-1940s: a Historical Digression

The history of the formation of the Tobolsk District Union of Consumer Societies is studied. Archival materials are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The organizational and legal issues of the creation of the Tobolsk Union of Consumer Cooperatives and the network of societies that were part of it are studied. An attempt was made to comprehend the role of the Tobolsk cooperation in the life of the region, as well as the activities of its leaders, their participation in cooperative life. It was found that since the formation of the cooperation, it was possible to create a wide trading, procurement and grassroots network, consisting of 41 companies and 50,000 shareholders. The presented results indicate that the all-Russian trends in the development of consumer cooperation (both positive and negative) were also inherent in the cooperation of Tobolsk. The factors that influenced the work of consumer societies were identified: ignorance of the demand and needs for goods among the population, the presence of waste and theft among cooperators, unprofitability of some cooperatives, lack of control over trade and procurement operations. The composition and size of the management apparatus of the trade and procurement and grassroots network are described in the article. The admitted excesses in its activity are analyzed. The main stages of the formation and development of consumer cooperation are outlined.

Recycling Plastics from WEEE: A Review of the Environmental and Human Health Challenges Associated with Brominated Flame Retardants

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) presents the dual characteristic of containing both hazardous substances and valuable recoverable materials. Mainly found in WEEE plastics, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a component of particular interest. Several actions have been taken worldwide to regulate their use and disposal, however, in countries where no regulation is in place, the recovery of highly valuable materials has promoted the development of informal treatment facilities, with serious consequences for the environment and the health of the workers and communities involved. Hence, in this review we examine a wide spectrum of aspects related to WEEE plastic management. A search of legislation and the literature was made to determine the current legal framework by region/country. Additionally, we focused on identifying the most relevant methods of existing industrial processes for determining BFRs and their challenges. BFR occurrence and substitution by novel BFRs (NBFRs) was reviewed. An emphasis was given to review the health and environmental impacts associated with BFR/NBFR presence in waste, consumer products, and WEEE recycling facilities. Knowledge and research gaps of this topic were highlighted. Finally, the discussion on current trends and proposals to attend to this relevant issue were outlined.

Estimation of the volume of metal waste generated during ship recycling

In the case of a long-term stagnation of the ship, before being transferred for disposal, its structures are exposed to the environment and, as a result, are destroyed. Ultimately, this leads to the fact that part of the metal becomes unsuitable for further use, even as a secondary raw material, and will be sent to waste, which must be buried in a certain way, leading the treatment in accordance with current standards. The presence of waste will reduce the mass of metal that is sent for processing, and, consequently, brings profit to the ship recycling yards. The article considers an approach that allows us to estimate the volume of waste and the reduction in the mass of "useful" metal, both in general terms and numerically for a specific ship project. Equations are obtained that allow determining the mass of spent metal, both in operation and in long-term stagnation of the ship.

Detection of river flow slow-down through sensing system and quasi-real time imaging

Flow slow-down in rivers and artificial canals is a basic aspect to be monitored and kept strictly under control. Flow slow-downs can become a major concern in the event of extreme phenomena. The paper illustrates an advanced image processing method that uses particle tracking velocimetry in conjunction with a monadic approach to better characterize water flow in the presence of waste or debris that block normal water flow within a river. An high-speed camera installed beneath a bridge takes periodic images of the water flow. The measured water level and the images taken by the camera are sent to a central system in real-time. Results demonstrate the capability of the proposed method to accurately detect the presence of debris from the measured water flow.