Preparation Of Statements Research Articles

The Role of Accountant Competencies in Improving Financial Statement Quality in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Case Study Analysis

This study investigates the role of accountant competencies in enhancing the quality of financial statements within small and medium enterprises (SMEs), using a qualitative case study approach. Given the unique challenges that SMEs face, such as limited resources and varying levels of financial expertise, the competencies of accountants are critical for producing accurate, reliable, and relevant financial information. Through in-depth interviews with accountants and SME owners, this research explores how skills such as financial reporting knowledge, regulatory compliance, ethical standards, and analytical ability contribute to the preparation of high-quality financial statements. The findings reveal that accountants with a comprehensive understanding of financial principles and adherence to ethical practices can significantly reduce errors, increase transparency, and improve financial decision-making within SMEs. Additionally, the study highlights that continuous professional development and training in regulatory updates are essential for maintaining high competency levels among accountants in SMEs. This research underscores the importance of building accountant competencies to support sustainable growth and financial stability in SMEs. The insights gained from this study provide practical recommendations for SME owners, accounting professionals, and policymakers to prioritize skill development and professional standards in the accounting practices of SMEs, contributing to broader economic resilience and growth.

Keterkaitan antara Akuntansi Syariah dan Zakat dalam Manajemen Keuangan

The main objective of this research is to analyse the extent of the application of sharia accounting in the management of zakat in zakat institutions. This research uses a qualitative approach with literature study as the main method. The qualitative approach was chosen because it allows to deeply explore abstract concepts such as Islamic accounting, zakat, and financial management, as well as their interconnections. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that Islamic accounting has a crucial relationship and role in the management of zakat. The application of sharia principles such as al-amana, al-adl, and al-khas in zakat accounting not only ensures transparent and accountable fund management, but also increases public trust in zakat institutions. Good accounting practices such as segregation of funds, preparation of transparent financial statements, and independent audits are key in realising effective and efficient zakat management.

Penguatan Kelembagaan Bumdes Sejahtera Desa Darunu Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Melalui Penyusunan Awal Laporan Keuangan

Village-Owned Enterprises or BUMDes Sejahtera Darunu Village, located in Wori District, North Minahasa Regency, still faces various obstacles in optimal financial management. The main problems include limited knowledge related to the management of cash inflows and outflows as well as limited understanding of human resources (HR) of village officials in preparing financial reports. In addition, this BUMDes does not yet have a basic financial report as a guideline for financial operations. Thus, this research aims to strengthen the BUMDes Sejahtera institution through the preparation of standardized initial financial statements. The research used descriptive qualitative methods by collecting data through interviews and direct observation. The participatory and applied nature of the research also helped researchers play an active role in providing training and mentoring for BUMDes administrators. The data obtained was then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that this institutional strengthening initiative had a positive impact on the initial understanding of BUMDes management in preparing financial statements. The program successfully produced several important financial reports, such as the 2023 Balance Sheet, 2023 Profit and Loss Statement, and 2024 Current Profit and Loss Statement. Hopefully, this institutional strengthening will be implemented sustainably to advance BUMDes Sejahtera and provide optimal benefits for the progress of Darunu Village.

Accounting Standard for Private Entities: are They Truly Useful? (Survey among Accounting Stakeholders in West Java, Indonesia)

This study examines the usefulness of new accounting standards for Indonesian private entities namely the Indonesian Private Entity Financial Accounting Standard (SAK EP), which will come into effect in 2025, in preparing private entities’ financial statements, from the perspective of various stakeholders: accounting students, accounting educators, financial statement preparers, and financial statement users. It is a simplified accounting framework that is tailored to smaller entities without public accountability and less complexity in reporting financial information while retaining essential information in meeting stakeholders’ need. This study uses two independent variables from accounting decision usefulness theory: (1) accounting stakeholders' level of understanding of the SAK EP and (2) accounting stakeholders' perceptions of the accounting profession. This study collected data from 515 accounting stakeholders in West Java Province, Indonesia, through an online survey. A quantitative research method is employed, and the data is analysed using two key statistical techniques: (1) one-way ANOVA to assess whether there are statistically significant differences in the mean scores of accounting stakeholders, and (2) multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between the dependent variable (usefulness) and two independent variables (level of understanding of the SAK EP and perception of the accounting profession). The findings showed that: (1) the level of understanding of SAK EP varies among accounting stakeholders; (2) the perception of accounting stakeholders toward the accounting profession is generally high ; (3) the usefulness of SAK EP in preparing high-quality financial statements is highly perceived and (4) high understanding of the SAK EP and better perception of the accounting profession increase the usefulness of the SAK EP standard in the preparation of financial statements among private entities. This study suggests that the implementation of SAK EP in Indonesia is quite challenging, especially in improving the understanding of SAK EP and meeting high expectations of accounting stakeholders.

The evolution of fair value measurement

While measurement is a fundamental process to the preparation of financial statements, the conceptual frameworks established by both the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) offer limited guidance on selecting an appropriate measurement basis for assets and liabilities. This paper examines the historical progression of fair value measurement, a measurement basis that is at the centre of some of the most polarising views. We believe that understanding the evolution of fair value measurement is pivotal for aiding academics and practitioners in shaping the future trajectory of measurement. This is particularly crucial given the technological advances in corporate reporting and the need to enhance the connectivity between financial and non-financial reporting.

Optimizing MSME Financial Management through Simple Financial Statement Training

This community service program aims to improve the understanding and skills of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the preparation of simple financial statements and the preparation of Business Identification Numbers (NIB). Angkringan Pak Owie was chosen as a partner because he faced obstacles in financial management and business legality. The methods used include direct training and mentoring regarding systematic financial recording and steps to make NIB through the Online Single Submission (OSS) platform. Through this activity, partners are able to prepare simple financial statements independently and understand the NIB registration process. The results of this program show that Angkringan Pak Owie has succeeded in registering NIB, so that it has business legality that makes it easier to access capital and opportunities to participate in government programs.

Does the adoption of extensible business reporting language impact the quality of financial reporting? The mediating role of the e-disclosure system

The study aimed to demonstrate the mediating role of the e-disclosure system (E-DS) in the relationship between the extensible business reporting language (XBRL) and the quality of financial reporting (FRQ), for the Jordanian companies listed at the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). This study uses AMOS to perform structural equation modelling to analyze the data; survey data was gathered from 284 respondents working across various industries and sectors listed at the ASE; 229 usable responses were received. This study finds that XBRL is positively associated with the FRQ. Further, it is found that E-DS positively influences FRQ and plays a mediating role in the connection between XBRL and FRQ. The results of this study are expected to be of high quality regarding the preparation and presentation of financial statements by XBRL. Also, the study’s findings make original contributions to developing countries other than Jordan, which are expected to benefit.

Understanding of MSME Owners in Sidoarjo Regency in The Preparation of Financial Statements Based on SAK EMKM

Understanding of MSME Owners in Sidoarjo Regency in The Preparation of Financial Statements Based on SAK EMKM

Analisis Penerapan ISAK 35 dalam Penggunaan Sango Professional Pada LSM Koalisi Rakyat untuk Keadilan Perikanan (KIARA) Jakarta

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Interpretation of Financial Accounting Standards (ISAK) 35 in the preparation of financial statements at the People's Coalition for Fisheries Justice (KIARA) NGO and to evaluate the effectiveness of the SANGO Professional accounting software. This research is motivated by the need to enhance transparency and accountability in the financial management of NGOs in accordance with applicable accounting standards. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with primary data obtained through interviews and participatory observation. Secondary data were taken from KIARA's 2023 financial statements. The results show that KIARA has successfully implemented ISAK 35 in the preparation of its financial statements since 2022. The use of SANGO Professional has helped KIARA in recording financial transactions in a more structured and systematic manner. Additionally, this software facilitates the management of complex financial data, thereby minimizing recording errors. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of ISAK 35 has improved the accuracy and transparency of KIARA's financial statements. SANGO Professional is effective in supporting financial management, but there is a need for feature enhancements to better support the optimal implementation of ISAK 35.

МЕТОДИ ОБЛІКУ З МЕТОЮ СКЛАДАННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ЗВІТНОСТІ: НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ТА МІЖНАРОДНИЙ АСПЕКТИ

The article examines accounting methods for the purpose of financial reporting using the example of national and global application of rules and standards. General research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison and grouping, schematic display of results. The research methodology takes into account a generalization of domestic and foreign features of accounting methods and methods for preparing financial statements, scientific analysis of standards of accounting methods, fundamental provisions of economic theory, accounting and reporting. A comparison of accounting approaches according to NP(S)BU 1 "General Requirements for Financial Reporting" and International Financial Reporting Standards IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements" was carried out to assess the state of national accounting methods with world practice. Separate measures are proposed to systematize methods for preparing financial statements. The need to take into account the characteristics and essence of individual species using the modeling method is substantiated, which will allow generating reporting in conditions close to international standards. The results of the study can be useful for further approximation of the conditions and features of the application of accounting and reporting methods according to national to international standards. The study analyzed and summarized the state of regulatory regulation of the application of accounting methods for the preparation of financial statements, taking into account national and international aspects. It has been determined that the accounting method is a system of interrelated methods and techniques for displaying the value of objects. Accounting methods are general scientific and specific, and it is the latter that are the object of regulatory regulation at both the national and international levels. It is noted that national accounting standards should take into account all methods that contribute to the preparation of financial statements close to international standards. For the current state of accounting science and practice, taking into account the achievements of foreign standards of accounting and reporting, the most practical direction of improving methods is the use of the modeling method. The issues of accounting and reporting need further study through the prism of the elements of the accounting method reflected in the accounting policy.

PENGARUH KINERJA KEUANGAN DAN KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIALTERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA DIINTERVENING ASIMETRI INFORMASI

Earnings management is an activity carried out by management by interfering in the preparation of a company's financial statements for the benefit of the company or individuals. The practice of earnings management can be detected using the financial performance approach, managerial ownership, and information asymmetry. This study aims to examine the effect of managerial ownership, information asymmetry, and profitability on earnings management carried out by companies. This study took the research population from financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2021 period. The type of data used in this study is secondary data in the form of company financial reports that are used as samples. The research method used in this study is a quantitative research method. The sample was selected using the purposive sampling method. For hypothesis testing, this study uses multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the expected research results in this study are: (1) Financial performance has a significant effect on earnings management; (2) Managerial ownership does not have a significant effect on earnings management; (3) Financial performance has a significant effect on information asymmetry; (4) Managerial ownership does not have a significant effect on information asymmetry; (5) Information asymmetry has an effect on earnings management; (6) Financial performance has an indirect effect on earnings management practices mediated by information asymmetry; (7) Managerial ownership has an indirect effect on earnings management practices mediated by information asymmetry

Training on Preparation of Simple Financial Statements and Marketing Strategies for Cendol "Men Tablen"

Business in the cendol sector opens up economic opportunities for many housewives to increase their family income. With relatively small capital and flexible working hours, many mothers can get involved in the cendol business as a way to support their family's financial needs. Through community service activities, cendol MSMEs receive education and training that helps them understand and apply modern marketing strategies, so that they can increase their competitiveness and business growth. The first obstacle is limited capital so that the production process is still limited. Second, this group has never made a financial report so that the development of the business or performance of this group cannot be known. Third, the distribution and marketing of products are still carried out conventionally. Partners do not yet have a qualified marketing strategy, resulting in the coverage of the product market share being very minimal. The advancement of digital technology in the era of globalization without being balanced by the ability to utilize advances in science and technology has hampered business development. The conclusion of the implementation of this community service is 1) Cendol Men Tablen UMKM does not yet have adequate financial transaction records, as well as the desire to expand market share, 2) Socialization related to marketing strategies based on Marketing Mix is considered appropriate to the needs of partners, and 3) Cendol Men Tablen UMKM experiences difficulties in meeting the needs of production support facilities due to limited capital.

학교상담자의 윤리적 갈등과 대처 경험에 대한 질적 메타분석

The purpose of this study is to examine what school counselors experienced both inside and outside of psychology while encountering ethical conflicts and coping experiences. To this end, a qualitative meta-analysis was conducted on seven qualitative studies addressing the ethical conflicts and coping experiences of school counselors. Qualitative meta-analysis is a research method that synthesizes the results and discussions of individual qualitative studies to derive overarching themes and extended interpretations that permeate the individual studies. The ethical conflict and coping experiences of school counselors were described through the process of data coding and preparation of key statements from the analyzed papers, cross-comparative analysis of individual studies, derivation of central concepts and descriptive topics, and derivation and visualization of comprehensive topics and results. As a result of the analysis, 18 descriptive topics, 3 comprehensive topics, and 1 core topic were derived. School counselors, inevitably experiencing ethical conflicts on the “challenging path that school counselors must take,” were aiming for ethical growth by “seeking ways to coexist” and insisted on preparing institutional measures by “calling for structural changes.” The core topic was derived as “fully residing in the universal uncertainty and ambiguity that must be shouldered.” Based on these results, the meaning of the findings was discussed, along with the significance, implications and limitations of the study for school counseling, and suggestions for follow-up research were presented. It is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to providing meaningful interpretations of school counselors' ethical conflicts and coping experiences and foundational data for the establishment of school counseling legislation.

A Proposed Model to Measure the Impairment Value of Fixed Assets with the Need for Tax Recognition

International accounting standards require, in particular the impairment of (36) asset value standard No (31), re- evaluation of assets to display the value of fair value as the replacement value at the end of the period or fiscal year of the disclosure of assets, real value, the represent philosophy of accounting to relevant of different models to call the fair values, especially in case of using methodology - based pricing capital asset model. The researcher presented a model for measuring the impairment of the book value of assets form, which contributes to the measurement of accuracy of the fixed measurement of accounting income and taxable income help guide the preparation of financial statements in the presentation of fixed assets as fast as they converge with the fact that revenue and economic benefits of the asset in the financial period is ending. Because the accounting incases always different on taxable income for the application of the income tax act, although the act, to impose tax in net profit, which present the income statement prepared in accordance with the Egyptian accounting standards, but on grounds of maintaining the public revenues of ministerial decisions were issued contrary to that application and became the standard (31) can’t be applied when determining the tax base. Which led to a loss in its submission for income tax, which is a clear challenge, there is no application of some financial standards, which is what the researcher tried to show. He presented it to determine the tax impact of not applying the standard.

Evaluation of the Application of the Interpretation of Financial Accounting Standard Number 35 on the Preparation of Financial Statements of Non-Profit Oriented Entities at the Hermon Tolombukan Child Development Center

Evaluation of the Application of the Interpretation of Financial Accounting Standard Number 35 on the Preparation of Financial Statements of Non-Profit Oriented Entities at the Hermon Tolombukan Child Development Center

Adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards and Financial Reporting Quality in Universities in Rivers State

In spite of the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) in Nigeria, it appears that significant progress has not been made by public sector organisations in its implementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which the adoption of IPSAS has influenced financial reporting quality in universities in Rivers State. Cross sectional survey research design was used for the study and the area of the study was Rivers State, Nigeria. The population of the study was 37 senior Accounting Personnel from the three universities studied. The entire population of 37 was used as sample, hence census was employed for the study. The instrument used for the collection of data was a self-structured questionnaire developed using a four-point rating scale of Very High Extent, High Extent, Moderate Extent and Low Extent. The instrument was validated by two Business Educators and one Measurement and Evaluation expert, all from the Faculty of Education, Rivers State University. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the test re-test method; this was done through the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) and a reliability coefficient of 0.96 was obtained. Data was analysed using mean and standard deviation while the hypothesis was tested using one-way Analysis of Variance. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the adoption of international public sector accounting standards has influenced financial reporting quality in universities in Rivers State albeit to a moderate extent. The study further found that there was significant difference in the mean score of Senior Accounting Personnel in the three universities on the extent to which financial performance, financial position and cash flow standards have influenced financial reporting quality in universities in Rivers State. The study concludes that universities in Rivers State are still at an elementary stage of the adoption of IPSAS in the preparation of financial statements and as such the quality of their financial statements cannot be reasonably assured. One recommendation made, amongst others, was that Accounting Personnel of universities in Rivers State, especially those handling Final Accounts, should be made to undergo thorough training on IPSAS to enhance their financial reporting skills; the training should be practical and not theory-based and experts who have been involved in the successful implementation of IPSAS should champion the process.

Statement Of Cash Flows Reduces Financial Fraud With Documented Accounting Information

The research aimed to Emphasise the significance of the statement of cash flows developed by the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Understand the concept of documented accounting information and Highlighting financial fraud and how to minimize it. The research problem was as follows from the fact that the financial statements, which do not contain the basic characteristics of accounting information, including reliability, will reduce the degree of reliance on them, which affects those lists prepared by financial institutions (banks) operating in Iraq that not taking into account the preparation of the cash flow statement will inevitably reduce the reliability of accounting information, resulting in misleading accounting outputs that will be a door to financial fraud in its various forms. Hence, the main research problem is the following question: Does enhancing the reliability of accounting information according to the preparation of the cash flow statement reduce financial fraud? The research reached many conclusions, the most important of which are International accounting standards can be said to be a written statement issued by an authorized body aimed at unifying and coordinating accounting treatments and policies to reach unified results for a set of financial transactions for ease of comparisons and understanding by the relevant parties. The statement of cash flows works to provide historical changes in financial institutions and others through and for a specific period of time and these flows are either operational, investment or financing for their various activities. The research reached many recommendations, the most important of which are: Emphasis on the different economic units to prepare a statement of cash flows because of the information it provides on historical changes in the different economic units and their quality, whether operational, investment or financing.

피해자 진술 제도를 둘러싼 영미권의 논쟁과 그 정책적 함의

This study aims to examine the potentially controversial elements of the current victim statement system in Korea and to find solutions to them so that the system can develop in the right direction. The potential issues under discussion are drawn from the experience of Western societies, particularly the Anglo-American region. The main concerns of this article include the following issues: the conditions of acceptable statement content, the issue of allowing victims' sentencing opinions, the permissibility of references to victims' values and characteristics, the form of delivery of victim statements (oral statements, written statements, proxy statements by third parties, standard forms, etc.), the use of video or music in victim statements, and the right of the defendant to cross-examine victim’s statement. The debates and policy implications of each of these topics are organized through two frameworks: an instrumental model, which focuses on the impact of victim statements on sentencing, and an expressive model, which focuses on the victim's well-being and communicative abilities. The analysis found that the controversy and confusion surrounding the victim statement system stems in part from a lack of clarity on the purpose of the system and inadequate practical guidance for its operation. Based on this discussion, this article suggests that the following are important considerations for proper operation of victim statements: clarifying the purpose of the system and providing adequate guidance to victims; limiting prejudicial and inflammatory statements and expressions; exploring non-adversarial and eclectic approaches to the issue of a defendant's right to cross-examine a victim about his or her statements; involving victim support workers in the preparation of victim statements; and ensuring that victim statements are oriented toward victim restitution and healing.

Validity of the Certificate of Inheritance Rights Made by a Notary

This scientific paper reviews the position of a Notary in helping to resolve inheritance cases through the preparation of an inheritance statement that reflects the official duties as a factual instrument used to protect the perfection of the inheritance and the use of materials that explain who the heirs are and how much each heir's share is. One of the factual instruments that reports a person as a recipient of inheritance is the Inheritance Deed. An inheritance deed is needed by the recipient of the inheritance in managing the transfer of rights to the inheritance to distribute the inheritance. Inheritance deeds for Indonesian citizens of Chinese (European) descent are made by a Notary, so that the form of the deed can be made in the form of a Partial Deed and an Ambteliijke Deed because both forms of the deed are together forms of authentic deeds that can be made by a Notary and the regulations binding on the making of the deed do not clearly explain the form of an authentic deed that is prioritized for making an Inheritance Deed. Both forms of the Deed also have full checking authority. The inheritance deed corrects the Notary's legal opinion based on the actual legal reality. Although there are no provisions regarding the presence of all recipients of the inheritance, a notary cannot harm the rights and benefits of recipients of the inheritance who do not appear in the deed making process.

Pelatihan Pengelolaan Keuangan pada Kelompok Tani Sayuran di Desa Lingga Tiga

One of the problems that often occurs in oil palm farmer groups is limited business development capital and financial management that is still not well organized. Based on these problems, the training implementation team raised the theme of financial management procedures in vegetable farmer groups in Lingga Tiga Village. The team will provide a simulation of making a feasibility proposal for a vegetable business and business and training in the preparation of vegetable business financial statements. By carrying out several programs in this training. It is hoped that farmers can improve the knowledge of financial management carried out by vegetable farmers.