Preoperative Stabilization Research Articles

Vitrectomy for cases of diabetic retinopathy.

Microvascular complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR) may require surgical intervention in the form of vitrectomy. Since its inception, diabetic vitrectomy has evolved with introduction of better instruments, newer techniques, and smaller port sizes. Common indications for diabetic vitrectomy include nonresolving vitreous hemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment, epiretinal membrane, progression of fibrovascular membranes despite laser therapy, recalcitrant diabetic macular edema, and neovascular glaucoma. Preoperative systemic stabilization is essential prior to planning surgery. Surgical techniques commonly used in diabetic vitrectomy are segmentation, delamination, and rarely en-bloc dissection. Modification in surgical techniques such as chandelier-assisted bimanual dissection and pharmacological adjuvants improve surgical outcomes in these patients. Prognosis in these patients could be improved with early intervention. Studies evaluating the outcome of vitrectomy in patients with early proliferative DR are required to understand the appropriate time of intervention in patients. Treatment aimed at arresting the progression of DR and gene therapy are avenues that need further evaluation. The following review will focus on covering the epidemiology of DR, indications of vitrectomy, preoperative considerations, surgical procedures of diabetic vitrectomy, methods of membrane dissection, pharmacological adjuvants to vitrectomy, outcomes of diabetic vitrectomy, and future directions of diabetic vitrectomy.

Preoperative cardiology consultations for geriatric patients with hip fractures rarely provide additional recommendations and are associated with prolonged hospital stays and delayed surgery: a retrospective case control study.

Hip fractures are increasingly common among the elderly population, who often present with a high burden of comorbidities necessitating preoperative stabilization. As a result, preoperative cardiology consultations are frequently conducted in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the additional recommendations provided by preoperative cardiology consultations and the impact of consultations on the management and outcomes of elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. This matched cohort study was performed to retrospectively assess the clinical data of patients who were treated for hip fractures at our institution between January 2016 and December 2017. Individuals who were 60years old or older with available clinical and radiological data were included. A total of 262 patients who met these criteria were included, with 192 undergoing cardiology consultation and 70 not. Through matching for age, sex, ASA grade, fracture type, and surgery type, two groups (Group A, preoperative cardiology consultation requested; Group B, preoperative cardiology consultation not requested) of 50 patients each were formed. The duration between hospital admission and surgery, recommendations provided by cardiology consultation, type of anaesthesia and surgery, length of hospital stay, incidence of medical and orthopaedic complications, and one-year mortality status were compared between the groups. The mean age of Group A was 78.5 (± 7.4) years, whereas that of Group B was 78.4 (± 7.4) years (p = 0.99). Both groups included 30 female patients and 20 male patients each. There were no significant differences in anaesthesia type or the incidence of medical or orthopaedic complications between the groups. However, Group A experienced a significantly longer duration between admission and surgery (5 [1/9] days vs. 3 [0/7] days; p = 0.00) and a longer hospital stay (7 [3/15] days vs. 5 [1/19] days; p = 0.01) than did Group B. The one-year mortality rate did not significantly differ between the groups (30% vs. 20%; p = 0.36). Notably, only 3 out of 50 patients received additional treatments following cardiology consultation beyond routine recommendations. Preoperative cardiology consultations before hip fracture surgery rarely leads to a change in treatment. Additionally, these evaluations delay surgery and extend the hospital stay.

Clinical Workflow Algorithm for Preoperative Planning, Reduction and Stabilization of Complex Acetabular Fractures with the Support of Three-Dimensional Technologies.

Background: Treatment of pelvic injuries poses serious problems for surgeons due to the difficulties of the associated injuries. The objective of this research is to create a clinical workflow that integrates three-dimensional technologies in preoperative planning and performing surgery for the reduction and stabilization of associated acetabular fractures. Methods: The research methodology consisted of integrating the stages of virtual preoperative planning, physical preoperative planning, and performing the surgical intervention in a newly developed clinical workflow. The proposed model was validated in practice in a pilot surgical intervention. Results: On a complex pelvic injury case of a patient with an associated both-column acetabular fracture (AO/OTA-62C1g), we presented the results obtained in the six stages of the clinical workflow: acquisition of three-dimensional (3D) images, creation of the virtual model of the pelvis, creation of the physical model of the pelvis, preoperative physical simulation, orthopedic surgery, and imaging validation of the intervention. The life-size 3D model was fabricated based on computed tomography imagistics. To create the virtual model, the images were imported into Invesalius (version 3.1.1, CTI, Brazil), after which they were processed with MeshLab (version 2023.12, ISTI-CNR, Italy) and FreeCAD (version 0.21.2, LGPL, FSF, Boston, MA, USA). The physical model was printed in 21 h and 37 min using Ultimaker Cura software (version 5.7.2), on an Ultimaker 2+ printing machine through a Fused Deposition Modeling process. Using the physical model, osteosynthesis plate dimensions and fixation screw trajectories were tested to reduce the risk of neurovascular injury, after which they were adjusted and resterilized, which enhanced preoperative decision-making. Conclusions: The life-size physical model improved anatomical appreciation and preoperative planning, enabling accurate surgical simulation. The tools created demonstrated remarkable accuracy and cost-effectiveness that support the advancement and efficiency of clinical practice.

Postnatal myelomeningocele closure in smallest reported neonate: illustrative case.

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most serious form of spina bifida, a congenital defect in neural tube development. Defect closure in a patient with an extremely low birth weight presents unique challenges and risks; lower birth weight is associated with multiple organ system concerns, homeostasis is difficult, and local tissue is underdeveloped. To the authors' knowledge, the present case is the lowest reported weight (490 g) for a neonate with postnatal MMC repair. A preterm male with a prenatally diagnosed lumbosacral MMC and associated Chiari malformation type II was born at 23 weeks 1 day to a 29-year-old mother, gravidity 6 parity 4. The patient was medically stabilized and underwent MMC closure on day of life 5. His weight was 490 g at the time of this repair, and he did not have any surgical complications. At age 16 months, he underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization; he has not required any further hydrocephalus treatments since the last follow-up at 30 months of age. To the authors' knowledge, this case is the lowest birth weight ex utero MMC closure reported in the literature. Challenges of prematurity and size required appropriate preoperative stabilization, careful hemostasis and temperature regulation, and meticulous surgical technique.

Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula: two case reports

BackgroundThe incidence of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is 1 out of 3000–5000 live births. Its incidence in lower middle income countries is not known. The infants usually present with excessive secretions or choking while feeding and are at risk for aspiration. The outcome of these infants in lower middle income countries is not encouraging due to delays in referral, sepsis at presentation requiring preoperative stabilization, postoperative complications such as anastomosis leaks, pneumonia, and pneumothorax.Case presentationWe present two African babies who were term infants at age 2 days (male) and 5 days (female) with diagnosis of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. The 5-day-old infant required preoperative stabilization due to sepsis and delayed surgery with a poor postoperative outcome. The 2-day-old infant was preoperatively stable and had a good postoperative outcome. The challenges faced in management of these two cases have been highlighted.ConclusionOutcome of infants with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula in lower middle income countries is not encouraging due to delays in referral and poor postoperative healing attributed to sepsis and recurrent pneumothorax. Timely referral, preoperative condition of the infant, and timely management has shown to be a contributory factor for an improved outcome.

Congenital duodenal web causing partial obstruction with recurrent vomiting and abdominal distention in a toddler boy: a case report

BackgroundThe duodenal web is a thin, elongated, web-like structure that is one of the factors contributing to duodenal obstruction. Only 100 cases have been reported in the literature. We present a 2.5-year-old cachectic Afghan child who did not have any overt signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction, like recurrent vomiting, abdominal distention, and weight loss. The web was discovered near the intersection of the third and fourth portions, which is an uncommon location for the duodenal web. The late presentation of congenital duodenal web with partial obstruction is rare but well-known and has been reported in this case.Case presentationA 2.5-year-old cachectic Afghan child who had recurrent vomiting and experienced abdominal distention was brought to Maiwand Teaching Hospital from the Jabelsuraj region of Parwan province. The patient was suffering from unusual signs and symptoms like recurrent vomiting, abdominal distention, weight loss, and constipation. The diagnosis of these anomalies was established by a detailed history, clinical features, and abdominal CT scan. In the computerized tomography scanning (CT-Scan) image reported, there was a web with stenosis and partial obstruction in the distal aspect of the third-to-fourth portion of the duodenum. After preoperative stabilization, the child was taken for surgery. The abdomen was opened by a right upper abdominal transverse incision. After web resection and duodenoplasty, the patient was shifted to the recovery room in satisfactory condition. The child was allowed to feed after 8 days, which he tolerated well.ConclusionCongenital duodenal web with partial obstruction is typically observed in the second and third years of life. It is suspected in patients with recurrent vomiting, abdominal distention, weight loss, and constipation. Partial obstruction may not have an overt presentation, making it a challenging diagnosis for general practitioners. Abdomen X-ray and CT scan usually confirm the diagnosis, and successful surgical intervention is recommended.

SAT311 A Time And Place For Metyrosine: Successful Treatment Of A Pheochromocytoma Presenting With Hypotension And Multisystem Organ Failure

Abstract Disclosure: R. Shafiq: None. J. Giordano: None. Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine catecholamine-secreting tumors. The surgical excision of pheochromocytoma is definitive management which requires presurgical preparation with an alpha blocker, beta blocker, and sometimes metyrosine to reduce perioperative hemodynamic instability. We present a case of pheochromocytoma complicated with acute on chronic renal failure and acute on chronic heart failure with hypotension requiring metyrosine in presurgical preparation due to hypotension and intolerance to alpha-blocker with successful surgical excision of the tumor. Case: 67 yo M admitted for acute on chronic heart failure and acute on chronic renal failure. He was noted to have an incidental right adrenal mass of 4.3 x 4.5 cm on the CT chest. He denied any prior history of hypertension, episodes of flushing, sweating, palpitations, headaches, or any family history of adrenal malignancies. His labs were consistent with significantly elevated plasma metanephrines to 4.5 nmol/L (normal range < 0.5 nmol/L) and normetanephrine 36 nmol/L (normal range < 0.9 nmol/L). Levels were repeated with slight worsening of metanephrines to 5.6 and normetanephrine to 42. He was hypotensive on presentation initially on milrinone drip that was slowly tapered off. His echo on admission showed left ventricle global hypokinesis with EF 25-30%. He had a worsening renal function on admission and required a few dialysis sessions before being referred to our hospital. He had an MRI adrenal done w/o contrast in the setting of renal failure with a heterogenous mass concerning for pheochromocytoma. PET CT was done which was negative for metastatic disease. Due to strong suspicion of uncontrolled pheochromocytoma as a cause of his heart failure and acute on chronic renal failure, the team and patient opted for unilateral adrenalectomy. He was started on metyrosine pre-surgically as he could not tolerate alpha blockade due to hypotension. His metanephrine levels improved from 5.6 to 1.8 and normetanephrine from 43 to 15 with metyrosine prior to surgery. He had a successful right adrenalectomy and pathology confirmed pheochromocytoma. Of note, he had a history of diabetes with uncontrolled hyperglycemia during admission. Hyperglycemia resolved after adrenalectomy. His plasma metanephrine levels normalized post-adrenalectomy and remained normal on the follow-up visit. Conclusion: Preoperative medical stabilization is a crucial step before surgical resection of pheochromocytoma that traditionally includes an alpha blocker followed by a beta-blocking agent to reduce intra-operative hypertensive crisis. Metyrosine is an often-overlooked agent due to cost, however, should remain in our armamentarium for pheochromocytoma crisis complicated with hypotension when the patient is unable to tolerate an alpha-blocking agent. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Ileo-sigmoid knotting: A case series of 25 patients

Introductionand importance: Ileosigmoid knotting (ISK), also known as double volvulus or compound volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in which small bowel or sigmoid colon wrap around each other, causing double loop obstruction and frequently leading to bowel strangulation. This study aimed to determine the characteristics, presentation, morbidity, and mortality associated with ISK at University Hospital. MethodsA retrospective medical record review of all patients operated for ISK between January 2018 and January 2023. A data collection format that was tested on five patients was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, preoperative investigations, preoperative stabilization, intraoperative findings, type of surgical procedure performed, and patients’ treatment outcomes. OutcomesA total of 29 patients were operated on for ISK during the study period. Of these, the medical records of 25 patients were retrieved, reviewed, and analyzed. Males were commonly affected with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1(16:9). The peak age for ISK was between 30 and 50 years. The mean age of the patients was 42.6 years (SD ± 15.9) and ranged from 20 to 70 years. Only one of the patients had comorbidity (retroviral infection). The average duration of illness was 1.6 days (SD ± 0.65), and the majority (23, 92%) presented within 48 h. Four-fifth (20, 80%) of patients are from the rural areas and the majority of them (15 (75%)) presented later than 24 h, while 3 (25%) of patients from urban settings presented within 24 h. Abdominal pain was present in all patients followed by vomiting (24, 96%), abdominal distention (22, 88%), and failure to pass feces or flatus (15, 52%). Four (16%) of the patients were in shock at the presentation. The leading abdominal findings were guarding (25, 100%), tenderness (24, 96%), rebound tenderness (21, 84%), and hyper-tympanic abdomen (11, 44%). On digital rectal examination, a stool was found in more than half (17, 68%), followed by an empty rectum (7, 28%) and blood in 2 (8%) of the patients. Preoperative imaging (plain abdominal x-ray) was done in 13 patients with symptoms of obstruction and with no features of diffuse peritonitis. ConclusionThe performance of prompt, individualized surgical treatment in conjunction with the use of advanced measures of critical care to combat the disastrous consequences of multiple organ failures may contribute greatly to improving the survival rate of victims of this dreadful entity.

Rescue computed tomography-guided drainage of a giant mediastinal mature teratoma causing airway obstruction prior to surgical resection: a case report

BackgroundGiant mediastinal mature teratomas may cause airway obstruction or decreased venous return due to the mass effect. Preoperative stabilization of the respiratory and circulatory systems is important for perioperative management to safely perform surgery, including general anesthesia. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are only a few reports regarding the preoperative computed tomography (CT)-guided drainage of mediastinal tumors.Case presentationA 30-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room with sudden dyspnea. CT findings revealed a giant cystic mass in the anterior mediastinum compressing the trachea and the right main bronchus. The patient was intubated and CT-guided drainage of the fluid content of the cyst was performed to decompress the airway obstruction. Thereafter, the mediastinal tumor was resected during elective surgery and pathologically diagnosed as a mature teratoma.ConclusionsRescue preoperative CT-guided drainage of a giant mediastinal mature teratoma allowed safe general anesthesia and surgery by releasing the airway obstruction.

Discussion

Discussion

Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the management of silent and functional giant pheochromocytoma

Giant pheochromocytoma is a rare retroperitoneal tumor that is "clinically and biochemically quiet" most of the time, posing diagnostic and treatment hurdles in ordinary surgical practice. This case study includes four participants. The average age of the patients was 56.5 years. Two patients exhibited symptoms and biochemical diagnostic characteristics, but the other two were clinically and biochemically silent. Preoperative imaging revealed the diagnosis in two individuals. In two patients with an initial diagnosis, all patients underwent laparotomy after preoperative preparation and stabilization. The diagnosis of giant pheochromocytoma was confirmed histo-pathologically in all four individuals with a PASS score of less than 3. All patients were disease-free and were being followed on a routine basis. Even though it is uncommon, "clinically and biochemically silent" Giant pheochromocytoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumor, where preoperative diagnosis by imaging and biopsy, alongside patient preparation and stabilization, reduces adverse intraoperative and postoperative events.

Tailored strategy to match anatomy and physiology with intervention can improve outcomes of symptomatic neonates with Ebstein anomaly

ObjectiveNeonatal presentation of Ebstein anomaly (EA) represents the most severe form of this condition. Despite significant advances, operative mortality remains high and management decisions represent a formidable challenge. We used a strategy aimed to match anatomy and physiology with type and time of intervention to increase survival. MethodsWe performed a review of all patients with fetal or neonatal diagnosis of EA managed at a single center between 2007 and 2020. ResultsAmong 18 patients with EA, 8 underwent neonatal intervention. The most common indication included cyanosis and heart failure (8/8), end organ dysfunction (6/8), and maldistribution of cardiac output (6/8). Only 2/8 had antegrade pulmonary blood flow. Associated conditions included pulmonary regurgitation in 4/8, atrial tachyarrhythmia in 4, and a ventricular septal defect in 3. Three patients underwent initial stabilization with main pulmonary artery occlusion including bilateral pulmonary artery banding in 2. Five patients underwent biventricular repair with conversion to right ventricle exclusion in 2 cases. Three others underwent the Starnes procedure as initially planned. The median age at surgery was 10 days (range, 1-30) and median weight 2.6 kg (range, 1.9-4.0). The median duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay were 9 days (range, 5-34) and 30 days (range, 15-100), respectively. Operative mortality was 1/8. At a median follow-up of 130 months (range, 5-146), there were no late deaths, and all survivors remain in functional class I and free of valvular reintervention. ConclusionsSymptomatic neonates with EA can be effectively managed with good outcomes. Preoperative stabilization and choice of management pathway on the basis of anatomy and physiology can help reduce morbidity and mortality.

ECPELLA as the bridge to surgery in patients with cardiogenic shock due to post-infarct papillary muscle rupture: management of mechanical circulatory support during operation.

Papillary muscle rupture is a fatal complication with a high operative mortality. Most patients experience cardiogenic shock and hypoxia due to pulmonary edema caused by severe mitral regurgitation. Although preoperative stabilization using a mechanical assist device potentially improves surgical outcomes, an appropriate strategy has not yet been established. ECPELLA, combining venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and Impella, has the potential to stabilize preoperative status and improve outcome in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock due to papillary muscle rupture. Herein, we present 3 cases involving the efficacy of ECPELLA and our tips of surgical and ECPELLA management in patients with papillary muscle rupture.

Mechanical Circulatory Support in Delayed Surgery of Post-Infarction Ventricular Septal Rupture in Patients in Cardiogenic Shock—A Review

Post-infarction ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a serious complication of myocardial infarction, which, in its natural course or treated medically, is related to high mortality rate. Surgical intervention remains the treatment of choice. Recent studies have shown that delayed surgery is related to better outcomes in comparison with urgent surgery; however, in many studies the impact of the patients’ initial hemodynamic status on the treatment outcomes often remains unclear. In this review, we analyze the outcomes of delayed surgical treatment of patients in cardiogenic shock in the course of post-infarction ventricular septal defect stabilized with preoperative use of mechanical circulatory support. We evaluate the importance of various types of mechanical circulatory devices (MCD), such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Tandem Heart, Impella, and intra-aortic baloon pump (IABP) in preoperative stabilization of patients, and the most suitable time for surgery, and we also present the features of ideal MCD for patients with VSR. A search of Pubmed to identify studies concerning the use of MCD in patients in cardiogenic shock in the course of VSR qualified for delayed surgery was conducted in January 2022. A total of 16 articles with three or more patients described were analyzed in this study. The preoperative use of MCD in patients in cardiogenic shock and delayed surgery as a main part of treatment seems to be a promising direction, however, it requires further research.

Should the early surgery threshold be moved to 72 h in over-85 patients with hip fracture? A single-center retrospective evaluation on 941 patients

AimAim of the study was to assess whether early surgery and other clinical and orthogeriatric parameters could affect mortality rate in hip fracture patients aged > 85.Materials and methodsData regarding a 42-month period were retrospectively obtained from the institutional medical records and registry data. Gender, age, fracture pattern, surgical technique, type of anesthesia, timing of surgical intervention (within 24, 48 or 72 h from admission), days of hospitalization, mortality rate divided in intra-hospital, at 30 days and at 1 year were collected for the whole population. Some additional data were collected for an orthogeriatric subgroup.Results941 patients were considered, with a mean age of 89 years. Surgery was performed within 24, 48 and 72 h in 24.4%, 54.5% and 66.1% of cases, respectively. Intra-hospital mortality rate resulted to be 3.4%, while mortality at 30 days and 1 year resulted to be 4.5% and 31%, respectively. Early surgery within 48 and 72 h were significantly associated with a lower intra-hospital and 30-day mortality rate. In the orthogeriatric subgroup (394 patients), a significant association with a higher mortality rate was found for general anesthesia, number of comorbidities, ADL (Activities of Daily Living) < 3, transfer to other departments.ConclusionsIn over-85 hip fracture patients, the threshold for early surgery might be moved to 72 h to allow patients pre-operative stabilization and medical optimization as intra-hospital and 30-day mortality rates remain significantly lower. Advanced age, male sex, number of comorbidities, pre-operative dependency in ADL, general anesthesia, length of hospitalization and transfer to other departments were significantly related to mortality rate.

Перший в Україні досвід закриття тотального дефекту діафрагми (при її аплазії) м’язовим аутотрансплантатом у новонародженої дитини

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias, in newborns, with large defect of the diaphragm, are an extreme risk group and characterized by high mortality. We present our own experience of successful surgical treatment of a newborn with aplasia of the left half of the diaphragm. The child was born in the State Institution «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» with a prenatal diagnosis. After preoperative stabilization, for the first time in Ukraine, the left half of the diaphragm was completely replaced with a split muscle flap from the anterior abdominal wall. The child survived after the operation, his physical development corresponds to age. During the 3-year follow-up, there are no signs of recurrence. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Keywords: congenital diaphragmatic hernia, diaphragmatic aplasia, surgical correction, flap of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, newborn baby.

Laparoscopic treatment of duodenal atresia associated with situs inversus abdominis in a newborn

Introduction. A combination of congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) and situs inversus abdominis (SIA) is an extremely rare case. The present article describes a laparoscopic technique applied for the care in such patient.Case presentation. A newborn girl was admitted to the hospital on the 4th day of her life with regular bile vomiting and weight loss. Examination revealed CDO combined with SIA. After preoperative preparation and condition stabilization, the child was operated on and Kimura duodenoduodenoanastomosis was put. After the performed treatment, duodenal patency was restored. The patient was discharged home in a satisfactory state. She had complete enteral feeding with a good dynamics of weight gain.Conclusion. The described case demonstrates the effectiveness of laparoscopic approach in patients with CDO and SIA hospitalized in a regional children`s hospital.

Management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in sub-Saharan Africa: experience in the Albert Royer National Children's Hospital Center, Senegal

Introductionla hernie diaphragmatique congénitale est une pathologie rarement rapportée en Afrique et dont la présentation peut être précoce ou tardive. Le pronostic dépend essentiellement des malformations associées. Le but de cette étude est de rapporter notre expérience au Centre Hospitalier National d´Enfants Albert Royer de Dakar au Sénégal.Méthodesil s´agit d´une étude rétrospective considérant les patients pris en charge pour hernie diaphragmatique congénitale entre Janvier 2010 et Décembre 2019.Résultatsdouze patients ont été inclus, dont l´âge moyen était de 8,9 mois. Les hernies de Bochdalek ont été retrouvées chez 10 patients. Les symptômes les plus fréquents étaient respiratoires (83,3%), puis digestifs (41,6%). La radiographie thoraco-abdominale a permis d´évoquer le diagnostic chez tous nos patients. Trois patients ont bénéficié d´une stabilisation préopératoire. Tous les patients ont bénéficié d´une laparotomie, le sac herniaire était présent chez 10 patients et 50% des patients avaient un défect mesurant entre 5 et 10 cm. Les suites opératoires ont été simples chez 10 patients et un décès a été enregistré, concernant un patient polymalformé.Conclusionla hernie diaphragmatique congénitale est une réalité dans notre milieu, se présentant le plus souvent au-delà de la période néonatale. Son pronostic est globalement bon dans notre contexte.

Changes in renal function following per cutaneous nephro lithotomy in chronic kidney disease patients with symptomatic renal calculus disease

Introduction: Preserving renal function is the Achilles heel in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient due to the influence of multiple factors in its progression both reversible and irreversible. Renal calcular disease has both cause-and-effect relationship with CKD. Symptomatic renal calcular disease in a CKD patient gives an opportunity to preserve renal function to a variable extent depending on the stage of CKD as well as other comorbities of the patient. Percutaneous nephro lithotripsy is one of the best modalities to relieve obstructed renal tracts and its beneficial effects are established in patients with normal renal function however its efficacy in preserving renal function in CKD patients is less well studied, hence we have undertaken this study. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was done to study the changes in renal function as assessed by eGFR and Sr creatinine following Per Cutaneous Nephro Lithotripsy at 0-, 1-, and 3-months interval in CKD patients with symptomatic renal calculus disease. Repeated measure ANNOVA test followed by multiple comparison test was applied to study the outcome. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 60 patients were studied, 80% were male and 20% female. Mean age of the patients in our study was 50.66 ± 13.82 years. out of 60 patients, 36.7% patients had diabetes mellitus, 55% patients had hypertension, and 11.6% had coronary heart disease. The most common presenting symptom was pain 70%, followed by recurrent fever. Most of the patients belong to CKD stage IV (30%). 65% showed improvement in renal function, 25% has stabilization in renal function, and only 10% showed deterioration of renal function. The complication rate was 23%. Discussion and Conclusion: In our study male to female patients' ratio was 4:1 and the most common presenting symptom is flank pain (70%). The renal function improved or stabilized in 90% of patients which was high compared to other studies and deteriorated in 10% patients. PCNL has favourable outcomes in CKD patients with improvement in eGFR, good clearance rate, and low secondary procedure rates. CKD Patients with age above 60 years and having both Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension may not show significant improvement in Serum creatinine and eGFR. In conclusion, CKD patients can be benefitted by PCNL with good improvement of eGFR and acceptable morbidity when aggressive preoperative stabilization is being done.

The Recovery Room: Transition from a Sleepy Postoperative Unit to a Vibrant and Cost-Effective Multipurpose Perioperative Care Unit.

The anesthesiologist, who traditionally was solely responsible for the intra- and postoperative care of patients, has undergone a transformation over the last decades and has emerged as a specialist for perioperative medicine. This includes preoperative assessment, preoperative stabilization of emergent cases, pre- or postoperative initiation of regional blocks, postoperative recovery and if needed postoperative intensive care outside the intensive care unit. A traditional recovery room, designated to take care of patients emerging from anesthesia only, no longer matches the modern anesthesiologist’s demands. However, a traditional recovery room can easily be transformed into a vibrant multi-purpose perioperative care unit. Especially in smaller hospitals, this serves to match the anesthesiologist’s demands without the financial burden of separate units for each task. On the contrary, it allows to transform the recovery room from a mandatory, but costly postoperative unit into a highly productive and demanding perioperative unit, allowing for extra revenues without corresponding costs. Worldwide, operating rooms are linked to an adjacent recovery room allowing patients to emerge from anesthesia until they fulfill the criteria to be transferred either to the regular ward or, in case of outpatient surgery, to be discharged home. Running these recovery rooms, however, is expensive due to the required technical equipment and the monthly costs of highly qualified anesthesia personnel. Despite these financial burdens, such recovery rooms are still mandatory to ensure full recovery after anesthesia and surgery. In most countries, there is no (full) reimbursement for providing recovery rooms, turning them into fiscally deficient units in most hospitals. However, recovery rooms can be further developed allowing hospitals to improve their caseloads, reduce turnover times in the operating room, and even help to manage a shortage of beds in the intensive care unit. In this paper, we describe the potential transformation from a traditional recovery room to a multi-purpose perioperative high-tech unit.