Preoperative Local Kyphosis Angle Research Articles

Treatment of Thoracolumbar Pyogenic Spondylitis with Minimally Invasive Posterior Fixation without Anterior Lesion Debridement or Bone Grafting: A Multicenter Case Study.

The usefulness of minimally invasive posterior fixation without debridement and autogenous bone grafting remains unknown. This multicenter case series aimed to determine the clinical outcomes and limitations of this method for thoracolumbar pyogenic spondylitis. Patients with thoracolumbar pyogenic spondylitis treated with minimally invasive posterior fixation alone were retrospectively evaluated at nine affiliated hospitals since April 2016. The study included 31 patients (23 men and 8 women; mean age, 73.3 years). The clinical course of the patients and requirement of additional anterior surgery constituted the study outcomes. The postoperative numerical rating scale score for lower back pain was significantly smaller than the preoperative score (5.8 vs. 3.6, p = 0.0055). The preoperative local kyphosis angle was 6.7°, which was corrected to 0.1° after surgery and 3.7° at the final follow-up visit. Owing to failed infection control, three patients (9.6%) required additional anterior debridement and autogenous bone grafting. Thus, in this multicenter case series, a large proportion of patients with thoracolumbar pyogenic spondylitis could be treated with minimally invasive posterior fixation alone, thereby indicating it as a treatment option for pyogenic spondylitis.

Radiological Evaluation of Combined Anteroposterior Fusion with Vertebral Body Replacement Using a Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: Verification of Optimal Surgical Procedure.

The combined anteroposterior fusion with vertebral body replacement (VBR) using a wide footplate expandable cage with a minimally invasive lateral approach has been widely used for pseudoarthrosis after osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiological results of combined anteroposterior surgery using VBR and to recommend the optimal procedure. Thirty-eight elderly patients were included in this study. The mean preoperative local kyphosis angle was 29.3°, and the mean correction loss angle was 6.3°. Cage subsidence was observed in ten patients (26.3%), and UIV or LIV fracture in twelve patients (31.6%). Patients with cage subsidence were compared to those without cage subsidence to determine the causal factors. The mean number of fixed vertebrae was 5.4 vertebrae with cage subsidence and 7.4 vertebrae without cage subsidence. In addition, to precisely clarify the optimal number of fixed vertebrae, those patients with two above–two below fixation were compared to those with less than two above–two below fixation, which revealed that the correction loss angle was significantly less in two above–two below fixation (p = 0.016). Based on these results, we recommend at least two above–two below fixation with VBR to minimize the correction loss angle and prevent cage subsidence.

Is single posterior approach sufficient for effective hemivertebra resection and correction of nonflexible curves? A prospective study

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of posterior-only resection of hemivertebrae in correction of congenital spinal deformities. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with scoliosis, kyphosis, or kyphoscoliosis that was caused by congenital hemivertebra were included. Preoperative calculations of the curve degree and stiffness were obtained, and postoperative magnitude of corrections were calculated. The mean percentage of correction was measured. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were stated. The mean follow-up period was 48 mo. Results: The mean age of the patients was 11 yr. Scoliosis was found in 20 patients, pure kyphosis was found in six patients, and kyphoscoliosis was found in four patients. The deformity was in the thoracic region in nine patients, thoracolumbar region in 16, and lumbar region in five. Each patient had a single hemivertebra and primary posterior hemivertebra resection. The mean preoperative coronal Cobb angle in both the scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis patients was 49 degrees. The angle improved to a mean of 10.8 degrees at final follow-up with mean correction of 38.2 degrees. The mean preoperative local kyphosis angle in the kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis patients was 73.1 degrees. This improved to a mean of 21.1 degrees postoperatively with mean correction of 52 degrees. The mean preoperative regional angulation in those patients was 67.1 degrees, which improved to a mean of 24.6 degrees postoperatively with a mean correction of 42.6 degrees. Improvements in all these values were statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). Complications were recorded in six patients and included dural tear, pleural tear, and postoperative wound infection, which were managed. Conclusions: The posterior-only approach in hemivertebra resection can achieve good deformity correction and solid fusion with low risk of neurological complications. Level of Evidence: Level IV.

Unilateral Posterior Surgery for Severe Osteoporotic Vertebrae Fractures' Sequelae in Geriatric Population: Minimum 5-Year Results of 109 Patients.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) combined with anterior column restoration in elderly patients presenting with thoracic or thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures with spinal cord compression and severe pain. MethodsOne hundred nine patients with one level thoracolumbar osteoporotic fracture and at least 5 years of follow-up were included. They underwent posterior instrumentation performed with polymethymetachrylate augmented pedicle screws. A modified PVCR (unilateral costotransversectomy+hemilaminectomy) combined with the insertion of an expandable titanium cage for anterior column restoration was undertaken. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically. ResultsPatients had a mean age of 74.1 and a follow-up duration of 92.3 months. Mean duration of operations, hospital stays, and mean loss of blood were 172.3 minutes, 4.3 days, and 205.4 mL. All of the patients were mobilized immediately after surgery. The mean preoperative local kyphosis angle improved from 39.3° to 4.7° at the last follow-up (p = 0.003). Patients preoperative mean visual analogue score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association, and Oswestry Disability Index scores improved from 7.7/8.6/76.3 to 1.6/26.1/17.4 (p < 0.001 for all), respectively. The average 36-item Short-Form survey physical component summary/mental component summary scores at the last follow-up were 55.1/56.8. A dural tear was detected intraoperatively in 1 patient and repaired immediately. ConclusionSubtotal PVCR combined with the insertion of an expandable titanium cage was detected as a safe and effective method for osteoporotic vertebrae fractures’ sequelae in the older population involving spinal cord compression by enabling the decompression of the spinal canal and reconstruction of the resected segment, resulting in significant improvement in clinical and radiographic outcomes.

How do vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty affect the quality of life of patients with multiple myeloma spinal metastasis?

Metastatic spinal lesions are diseases that impair the quality of life and require early diagnosis and treatment. The count of spinal metastasis patients rises day by day. Increased life expectancy has increased the incidence of cancer, making metastases more observable. The aim of our study was to investigate how the quality of life is affected in the patient group with vertebral fracture due to spinal metastases of multiple myeloma and undergoing vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Forty-two patients with fracture due to spinal metastasis and adequate follow-up between the years of 2011 and 2018 were included in the study. Patients were listed according to their primary malignancy and metastases. The effect of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty was investigated by evaluating preoperative and postoperative VAS and Oswestry Disability Index scores. All patients' radiographic kyphosis angle, compression ratio and wedging index were calculated before operation and after operation. A total of 76 vertebrae were operated in 42 patients. Significant differences were found in the comparison of preoperative and postoperative quality of life according to VAS and Oswestry Disability Index scores in the patients undergoing vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty or both procedures after spinal metastases (VAS; p = 0.0001, ODI; p = 0.002/0.0001). There were statistically significant differences in preoperative local kyphosis angle, compression ratio and wedging index and post-op local kyphosis angle, compression ratio and wedging index (p = 0.001). Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, minimally invasive procedures performed after spinal metastases, improve the quality of life of the patients.

Clinical characteristics and treatment of fracture-dislocation of thoracic spine with or without minimal spinal cord injury.

It is important to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of posterior internal fixation using pedicle screw system. To investigate clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine with or without minimal spinal cord. Twenty-eight patients with fracture-dislocation of thoracic spine with or without minimal spinal cord injury were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received posterior reduction and internal fixation using pedicle screw system. The mean follow-up duration was 11.4months. Among 28 patients, 24 cases were complicated with bilateral pedicle or laminal fracture. Preoperatively, the percentage of vertebral displacement was (32.1 ± 20.6)%, significantly declined to (7.5 ± 6.0)% (t= 4.575, P= 0.001) and maintained at (7.9 ± 6.3)% at the final follow-up. Preoperative local kyphosis angle was measured as (16.2 ± 11.3)∘, restored to (15.4 ± 5.9)∘ postoperatively and (15.8 ± 5.4)∘ during the final follow-up. No statistical significance was observed at three time points (all P> 0.05). The remaining 25 patients were evaluated with normal and complete neurological function. No severe complications were observed intra- and postoperatively. Posterior internal fixation using pedicle screw is an efficacious and safe therapy which achieves proper reduction and preserves spinal cord function.

Minimally invasive posterior fixation and anterior debridement-fusion for thoracolumbar spondylodiscitis: A 40-case series and review of the literature

IntroductionPyogenic spondylodiscitis is a rare disease, but incidence is increasing. Reported failure rates following conservative management range from 12% to 18%. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with anterior debridement and fusion (ADF) for infective spondylodiscitis in the thoracic and/or lumbar spine. MethodsThe retrospective study cohort comprised all patients without neurological deficit who underwent minimally invasive posterior and anterior surgery between April 2008 and April 2016 for thoracic and/or lumbar spondylodiscitis. ResultsForty patients were eligible (16 female: 40%). The lumbar region was affected in 31 cases (77.5%). Source of infection was identified in only 22 cases (55%) and bacteriological identification was obtained in 32 cases (80%). Mean hospital stay was 14.8 days (range, 6–39 days). Complete recovery was achieved in 39 patients (97.5%) at 3 months’ follow-up. Mean preoperative local kyphosis angle was 16.1o, versus 14o at 1-year (P>0.05). 36 patients (90%) had at least 1 year's follow-up, and fusion was obtained for all these cases. ConclusionTwo-stage minimally invasive surgery is effective and safe for the treatment of single or two-level thoracolumbar spondylodiscitis. It could be an alternative to conventional open surgery or conservative treatment.

Analysis of Related Factors on The Vertebral Height Restoration of Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation

Background Percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is widely applied for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The degree of vertebral body height restoration and deformity correction after the procedure is not consistent. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 97 patients who underwent PVA, because of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The following data about the patients were recorded: age, sex, bone density, number of treated vertebrae, severity of fracture of the treated vertebrae, operative approach (PVP or PKP), volume of injected bone cement, preoperative vertebral compression ratio, preoperative local kyphosis angle, cement leakage, postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio, follow-up period, and latest follow-up height loss ratio. Bivariate regression analysis and t-test were applied for univariate analysis, while multivariate linear regression analysis was applied for multivariate analysis. Results The postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio was (14.7% ± 15.2%), and the last follow-up height loss ratio was (13.5% ± 11.5%). The multivariate analysis showed that the number of treated vertebrae, preoperative vertebral compression ratio, and preoperative local kyphosis angle are the main factors influencing the postoperative vertebral body height restoration. The univariate analysis also showed that only the postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio is related to the last follow-up height loss ratio. Conclusions The number of treated vertebrae, preoperative vertebral compression ratio, and preoperative local kyphosis angle are the main influencing factors of patients' vertebral body height restoration after PVA, and the postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio is the main factor influencing the last follow-up height loss ratio.

Anterior instrumentation through posterior approach in neglected congenital kyphosis: a novel technique and case series.

To present a novel technique for anterior instrumentation and reconstruction with PVCR for treatment of severe neglected congenital kyphosis through posterior approach. Between 2010 and 2014, all patients with severe congenital kyphosis more than 90° were included. PVCR augmented with anterior vertebral body instrumentation was done for all patients through the same posterior approach. Cobb angle of the main kyphosis and scoliosis curves, the global sagittal and coronal balance were measured preoperatively, postoperatively and at 2-year follow-up. The functional outcome was assessed using the SRS-22 questionnaire preoperatively and at 2-year follow-up. Fourteen patients with mean age of 19.4years were included. The mean follow-up period was 38months. The mean number of resected vertebrae was 2.4 vertebrae per patient. The mean height of the anterior defect after resection was 6.4cm. The mean preoperative local kyphosis angle was 104.6° that was corrected to a mean of 22.8° at 2-year follow-up. The sagittal vertical axis improved from 62.7mm preoperatively to 21.4mm at 2-year follow-up. The mean coronal Cobb angle was 71.2° preoperatively and 25.6° at 2-years follow-up. The mean coronal balance was 32.4mm preoperatively and 13.6mm at 2-year follow-up. All patients had significant improvement of the SRS-22 questionnaire at the last follow-up. Addition of anterior instrumentation to PVCR allows controlled gradual correction and more biomechanical stability. This technique should be preserved for high degrees of sagittal plane deformities. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

Comparison of Four Different Posterior Screw Fixation Techniques for the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Junction Fractures

The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiologic outcomes of patients who underwent short-segment posterior instrumentation with screw augmentation at the fracture level and long-segment instrumentation for thoracolumbar junction fractures. Sixty-three patients were retrospectively evaluated by being divided into the following 4 groups: Groups A, B, C, and D included patients who had undergone 4-level instrumentation without insertion of screws at the fracture level, 3-level instrumentation by insertion of screws at the fracture level, 4-level instrumentation by insertion of screws at the fracture level, and 5-level instrumentation by insertion of screws at the fracture level, respectively. No significant difference was observed in preoperative local kyphosis angle (LKA) (P > 0.05), whereas there was a significant decrease in early postoperative LKA in Group C compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of LKA in the 4 groups measured on radiographs obtained at the final follow-up (P > 0.05). Anterior corpus height loss, Cobb angle of the fractured vertebra, and sagittal index, measured pre- and postoperatively and at the final follow-up, showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between clinical scores of the 4 groups (P > 0.05). Short-segment posterior instrumentation with screw augmentation at the fracture level provides at least as much mechanical stability as long-segment instrumentation. Moreover, there is no difference between short-segment instrumentation with screw augmentation at the fracture level and long-segment instrumentation in terms of clinical outcomes.

Analysis of Related Factors on the Vertebral Height Restoration of Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation

Study design: The related factors for the vertebral height restoration were retrospectively reviewed in 97 patients who underwent percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA). Objective: To discuss the factors associated with the vertebral body height restoration and follow-up height loss of patients underwent PVA for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Background: PVA is widely applied for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The degree of vertebral body height restoration and deformity correction after the procedure is not consistent. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 97 patients who underwent PVA, because of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The following data about the patients were recorded: age, gender, bone density, number of treated vertebrae, severity of fracture of the treated vertebrae, operative approach, volume of injected bone cement, preoperative vertebral compression ratio, preoperative local kyphosis angle, cement leakage, postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio, follow-up period, and latest follow-up height loss ratio. Bivariate regression analysis and t-test were applied for univariate analysis, while multivariate linear regression analysis was applied for multivariate analysis. Results: The postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio was (14.7 ± 15.2)% and the last follow-up height loss ratio was (13.5 ± 11.5)%. The multivariate analysis showed that the number of treated vertebrae, preoperative vertebral compression ratio, and preoperative local kyphosis angle are the main factors influencing the postoperative vertebral body height restoration. The univariate analysis also showed that only the postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio is related to the last follow-up height loss ratio. Conclusion: The number of treated vertebrae, preoperative vertebral compression ratio and preoperative local kyphosis angle are the main influencing factors of patients’ vertebral body height restoration after PVA and the postoperative vertebral body height restoration ratio is the main factor influencing the last follow-up height loss ratio.

Cement Leakage in Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: Analysis of Risk Factors.

The risk factors for cement leakage were retrospectively reviewed in 192 patients who underwent percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA). To discuss the factors related to the cement leakage in PVA procedure for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. PVA is widely applied for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Cement leakage is a major complication of this procedure. The risk factors for cement leakage were controversial. A retrospective review of 192 patients who underwent PVA was conducted. The following data were recorded: age, sex, bone density, number of fractured vertebrae before surgery, number of treated vertebrae, severity of the treated vertebrae, operative approach, volume of injected bone cement, preoperative vertebral compression ratio, preoperative local kyphosis angle, intraosseous clefts, preoperative vertebral cortical bone defect, and ratio and type of cement leakage. To study the correlation between each factor and cement leakage ratio, bivariate regression analysis was employed to perform univariate analysis, whereas multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to perform multivariate analysis. The study included 192 patients (282 treated vertebrae), and cement leakage occurred in 100 vertebrae (35.46%). The vertebrae with preoperative cortical bone defects generally exhibited higher cement leakage ratio, and the leakage is typically type C. Vertebrae with intact cortical bones before the procedure tend to experience type S leakage. Univariate analysis showed that patient age, bone density, number of fractured vertebrae before surgery, and vertebral cortical bone were associated with cement leakage ratio (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the main factors influencing bone cement leakage are bone density and vertebral cortical bone defect, with standardized partial regression coefficients of -0.085 and 0.144, respectively. High bone density and vertebral cortical bone defect are independent risk factors associated with bone cement leakage.

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Fractures with Neurological Deficits in Elderly Patients

Introduction The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the results of spinal canal decompression and anterior column support via modified posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) (Unilateral hemilaminectomy, pediculectomy, subtotal vertebrectomy) performed for eliminating the disadvantages of the anterior or combined A + P approaches, in the management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with neurological deficits in elderly patients. Patients and Methods A total of 55 patients (40 females and 15 males) with more than 2 years of follow-up were included in this study. The fractures were in the thoracic spine in 16 patients, and thoracolumbar spine in 39 patients. Overall, 11 patients had ASIA grade C and 41 patients had ASIA grade D neurological deficits. Clinical and radiological outcome and complications were also evaluated. Surgical technique included placement of fenestrated titanium pedicle screws, followed by hemilaminectomy, unilateral pediculectomy, and decompression of the spinal canal by subtotal vertebrectomy, and support of anterior column by titanium cage. Contralateral facet joint fusion and grafting was made. Prophylactic vertebroplasties were made in one level above and one level below in all patients. Results Mean age was 74.2 years (range, 66–92), and mean follow-up was 43.5 months (range, 28–102). Mean operation time was 252 minutes (range, 160–340), and blood loss was 580 mL (range, 420–800). Mean preoperative local kyphosis angle was 18.5 degrees and improved to 4.2 degree after the operation and 4.8 degree at the final follow-up. Visual analog scale (VAS) score was eight before the operation and improved to two at final follow-up. Full neurological recovery was achieved in all patients. There were no pseudoarthroses. The major complication was adjacent segment fracture was made three patients (5.4%). The minor complications were superficial wound infections in five patients and dural tear in four patients (16.3%). Conclusion Treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fracture with neurological deficit is a challenging procedure in elderly patients. Modified PVCR provides effective decompression of neural structures. Contralateral intact lamina, pedicle, and cortex of the vertebra increase primary stability and provides more bony surface for fusion.

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for the Treatment of Vertebral Infections in Elderly Patients

Introduction Modified posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) technique described in this study enables resection of infected material, decompression of the spinal canal, restoration of the anterior column, and posterior stabilization at the same time. Multilevel resections (two or more) can be performed with low-complication rates. Patients and Methods A total of 24 elderly patients (16 females and 8 males average age of 73.8 years [range, 68–83 years]) with pulmonary comorbidity were included. Etiologic diagnoses were spinal tuberculosis in 10 patients and nonspecific spondylodiscitis in 14 patients. Surgical technique included placement of fenestrated titanium pedicle screws, followed by hemilaminectomy, unilateral pediculectomy, decompression of the spinal canal by subtotal vertebrectomy, and anterior column support by expandable cage. One level above and one level below prophylactic vertebroplasty were performed. Results There were 6 single level, 17 two level, and 1 four level resections. The mean operation time was 2.5 hours and the average blood loss was 670 mL. Average follow-up was 47 months (range, 14–80 months). Average resected level was 1.9 (range, 1–4). The mean preoperative local kyphosis angle 32.7∞ was decreased by 67.8%. Overall, 14 patients with partial neurologic deficit (10 patients ASIA grade D and 4 patients ASIA grade C) had significant improvement. The major complications were post-op deep infection in three patients (12.5%) and death because of the cardiac failure in one (4%) patient. The minor complication rate was 29.1% with three hematomas and four dural tears. None of the remaining patients required revision surgery for recurrence of infection or implant failure or pseudoarthrosis. Conclusion Modified PVCR seems to be good alternative to anterior or combined A + P approaches in treatment of vertebral infections in elderly patients with pulmonary comorbidity, as technique enables multilevel resections (two or more) with low-recurrence and low-complication rates.

Ostéosynthèse segmentaire courte postérieure associée à une vertébroplastie au ciment de sulfate de calcium pour fractures en compression thoraco-lombaire : résultats radiographiques y compris les pseudarthroses et autres complications

ObjectiveTo evaluate the radiographic outcomes of short-segment posterior instrumentation plus vertebroplasty using injectable calcium sulfate cement (CSC) for thoracolumbar compression fractures. Materials and methodsTwenty-eight patients with a single-level thoracolumbar compression fracture, who underwent short-segment pedicle screw fixation and CSC vertebroplasty, were included in the study. The anterior vertebral body height ratio, local kyphosis angle, and the height of the intervertebral disk adjacent to the fractured vertebra were used to evaluate the radiographic results. Complications including bone nonunion, instrument failure, cement leakage, and disc vacuum formation were also assessed. ResultsThe patients were followed up for an average of 24.20±5.40months. The relative preoperative anterior body height was 55.71±15.29%, which improved to 94.93±5.39% immediately after surgery (P<0.001), and at final follow-up showed a 6.50±3.89% loss of height correction (P<0.001). The mean preoperative local kyphosis angle was 22.23±5.65°, which corrected to 2.67±4.43° immediately after surgery (P<0.001), but reverted to 6.71±4.95° at final follow-up, showing a 4.04±1.91° loss of correction (P<0.001). The mean height of the intervertebral disk proximal to the fractured vertebra was 9.87±0.91mm before surgery, 12.53±0.98mm after operation (P<0.001), and the loss of correction at final follow-up was 2.35±1.15mm with a significant difference compared to immediate postoperative values (P<0.001). Bone nonunion occurred in 7 patients, 2 patients had hardware failure, 9 patients had cement leakage, and 10 patients had disc vacuum phenomenon adjacent to the fractured vertebra. ConclusionsThe patients who underwent this procedure had a loss of correction of vertebral height and local kyphosis. Complications such as bone nonunion, instrument failure, cement leakage, and disc vacuum may occur. Rapid CSC resorption accounts for these radiographic outcomes and complications. Level of evidenceLevel IV, retrospective study.

Short-segment posterior instrumentation combined with calcium sulfate cement vertebroplasty for thoracolumbar compression fractures: Radiographic outcomes including nonunion and other complications

ObjectiveTo evaluate the radiographic outcomes of short-segment posterior instrumentation plus vertebroplasty using injectable calcium sulfate cement (CSC) for thoracolumbar compression fractures. Materials and methodsTwenty-eight patients with a single-level thoracolumbar compression fracture, who underwent short-segment pedicle screw fixation and CSC vertebroplasty, were included in the study. The anterior vertebral body height ratio, local kyphosis angle, and the height of the intervertebral disc adjacent to the fractured vertebra were used to evaluate the radiographic results. Complications including bone nonunion, instrument failure, cement leakage, and disc vacuum formation were also assessed. ResultsThe patients were followed up for an average of 24.20±5.40 months. The relative preoperative anterior body height was 55.71±15.29%, which improved to 94.93±5.39% immediately after surgery (P<0.001), and at final follow-up showed a 6.50±3.89% loss of height correction (P<0.001). The mean preoperative local kyphosis angle was 22.23±5.65°, which corrected to 2.67±4.43° immediately after surgery (P<0.001), but reverted to 6.71±4.95° at final follow-up, showing a 4.04±1.91° loss of correction (P<0.001). The mean height of the intervertebral disc proximal to the fractured vertebra was 9.87±0.91mm before surgery, 12.53±0.98mm after operation (P<0.001), and the loss of correction at final follow-up was 2.35±1.15mm with a significant difference compared to immediate postoperative values (P<0.001). Bone nonunion occurred in 7 patients, 2 patients had hardware failure, 9 patients had cement leakage, and 10 patients had disc vacuum phenomenon adjacent to the fractured vertebra. ConclusionsThe patients who underwent this procedure had a loss of correction of vertebral height and local kyphosis. Complications such as bone nonunion, instrument failure, cement leakage, and disc vacuum may occur. Rapid CSC resorption accounts for these radiographic outcomes and complications. Level of evidenceLevel IV, retrospective study.