Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire Research Articles

Determination of Childbirth Readiness and Fear of Childbirth in Multiple Pregnancy and Related Factors: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: The effects of multiple pregnancies on childbirth readiness (CR) and fear of childbirth (FC) have not been investigated in previous studies. Objectives: This study aims to determine the childbirth readiness and fear of childbirth in multiple pregnancies and factors affecting CR and FC. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from April to November 2022. The study data were collected using an online questionnaire created with Google Forms and the CR and FC sub-dimensions of the Prenatal Self-evaluation Questionnaire. Seventy-one women who filled out the data collection form were included in the study. Results: The mean CR score was 23.19 ± 6.35, and the mean FC score was 26.54 ± 5.68. A statistically significant relationship was found between the mean scores of readiness for delivery and the fear of childbirth scores of multiple pregnant women (r = 0.42, P < 0.001). Regarding the pregnant women's readiness for birth, a statistically significant relationship was found between education status, employment status, duration of the marriage, desire for pregnancy, family type, and the way in which they became pregnant (F (122.136) = 4.575, P < 0.001). Accordingly, there was a negative significant relationship between the independent variables, the duration of marriage and income, and the mean birth readiness score, while a positive significant relationship was found between a desire for pregnancy and the mean fear of childbirth (R2 = 0.043, P < 0.05). Conclusions: It was determined that the mean scores of readiness for childbirth and fear of birth in multiple pregnant women were moderate, and the most important effect for these variables was related to willingness for pregnancy.

Association of marital relationships with obstetrical history and physical and psychosocial factors of pregnant women in urban areas: A cross-sectional analysis from the perspective of adaptation to pregnancy

Objectives This study aimed to determine the association of marital relationships with pregnant women's obstetrical history, physical and psychosocial factors, and characteristics of women and husbands from the perspective of adaptation to pregnancy. Moreover, it sought to offer suggestions regarding support for couples during pregnancy in urban areas.Methods We distributed self-reported questionnaires to pregnant women who participated in antenatal classes, organized by Public Interest Incorporated Foundation A, in four designated cities in the Kansai region of Japan. We investigated women's obstetrical history, physical and psychosocial factors, and characteristics of women and husbands using the Japanese Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (Relationship with Husband) (J-PSEQ). Of the 778 women, 413 (53.1%) responded. After applying the exclusion criteria, 388 participants were eligible for analysis (valid response rate: 93.9%). Based on their J-PSEQ scores, participants were divided into two groups: poor marital relationship and normal or good marital relationship. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors related to the quality of marital relationships from the perspective of adaptation to pregnancy.Results Based on the J-PSEQ scores, 93 (24.0%) participants were categorized into the poor marital relationship group, and 295 (76.0%) were categorized into the normal or good marital relationship group. For the poor marital relationship group, the logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios (confidence intervals) for "pregnancy after infertility treatment," "easily angered and irritated," and "husband's health: somewhat poor" were 2.54 (1.38-4.66), 3.55 (1.86-6.78), and 3.54 (1.06-11.87), respectively. Women who described household finances, husbands' working conditions, and lack of support to be the most stressful factors were more likely to have poor marital relationships. The factors associated with normal or good marital relationships included women experiencing physical discomfort, women not engaging in Satogaeri Shussan (staying at women's parents' homes before and after birth), husbands taking paternity leave after childbirth, and husbands having good health.Conclusions This study revealed that the factors associated with poor marital relationships in terms of adaptation to pregnancy were pregnancy after infertility treatment, anger and irritation in women, and poor health of husbands. Healthcare professionals may need to focus more closely on supporting such couples in urban areas during pregnancy.

Examination of the Relation between Sleep Quality during Pregnancy and Adaptation to Pregnancy

This study was conducted to examine the relation between sleep quality in pregnancy and adaptation to pregnancy. The study had included 369 pregnant women presenting to the obstetric and gynecological outpatient clinic. The study had an analytical and cross-sectional design. Data was collected by using a sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the acceptance of pregnancy subscale of the Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire. Obtained data was evaluated using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis. The mean score on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was 9.49±2.88 and the mean score on acceptance of pregnancy was 20.95±6.59. The mean scores for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, its subscales and acceptance of pregnancy increased from the first trimester to the third trimester and this difference was statistically significant. Also, a significant, moderate, positive correlation was found between the sleep quality of the pregnant women and their adaptation to pregnancy according to their trimesters. It can be concluded that the sleep quality of the pregnant women was poor in general but that the level of their adaptation to pregnancy was good. The sleep quality and adaptation to pregnancy decreased as pregnancy progressed throughout all the trimesters. Keywords: adaptation, pregnancy, sleep quality, trimester

Exploring psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. Diagnosis of GDM, that could be unexpected, may cause women to feel negative emotions such as fear, guilt, sadness, and loss of control and experience difficulties adapting to pregnancy. Objective: This study aimed to explore psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy in women with GDM. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted with women with GDM and healthy pregnant women who applied to the pregnancy and perinatology outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Groups were matched according to age, education level, and gestational week. The Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) was used to collect data. Simple linear regression was performed to determine factors influenced psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy using average scores from the PSEQ. Results: Regression analysis indicated, GDM status (beta = −48.8, p ≤ 0.001) and smoking status during pregnancy (beta = 11.0, p = 0.032) influenced the total score of the PSEQ. Conclusions: Nurses are encouraged to develop a multifaceted nursing care model that considers the physical and psychosocial problems and to provide care to increase the psychosocial adaptation of women with GDM to pregnancy.

Does Childbirth Preparation Education Affect Prenatal Adaptation?

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of childbirth preparation education on the prenatal adaptation of pregnant women.METHODSThis study design was a quasi-experimental; one-group pretest-posttest. This study was conducted with the participation of 42 pregnant women and their spouses. The educations were given in four sessions in a special area designed for childbirth preparation educations in a private hospital where the study was conducted. The data of the study were collected using the Pregnant Women Information Form and the Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire. Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire consists of seven subscales which are the well-being of pregnant women and their infants, acceptance of pregnancy, acceptance of motherhood, fear of childbirth, relationship with her mother and relationship with her spouse. The Wilcoxon signed rank test statistics were used to analyze the difference between the pretest and posttest PSEQ scores.RESULTSThe concerns about the well-being of pregnant women and their infants (p < .05), acceptance of pregnancy (p < .05), acceptance of motherhood (p < .05), fear of childbirth (p < .05), relationship with her mother (p < .05), relationship with her spouse (p < .05) subscale and total adaptation score (p < .05) were significantly higher before the education compared with the after the education. However, there was no significant difference between pre and post-education scores regarding readiness for birth subscale (p > .05).CONCLUSIONThis study showed that childbirth preparation education improves prenatal adaptation, acceptance of pregnancy and motherhood, relationship with her mother and relationship with her partner of pregnant women. In addition, it decreased fear of childbirth of pregnant women.

Comparison of the Adaptation to Pregnancy in Women Who Received Infertility Treatment and Those Who Didn't

Abstract
 Purpose: It was aimed to compare the adaptation to pregnancy in women who received infertility treatment and those who didn't.
 Methods: A total of 174 pregnant women were included in the study, 51 in the group that received infertility treatment and 123 in the group that did not. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form including the descriptive characteristics and the Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ). 
 Results: The mean age of the pregnant women who received infertility treatment was 33.73±5.79 years, while it was 28.89±4.12 years for those who didn't. Although the mean total score of PSEQ was lower in pregnant women receiving infertility treatment, the difference was not found to be statistically significant. In the group that became pregnant with the infertility treatment, the subdimension score of "thoughts about the well-being of self and baby" was found to be higher, while the scores of subdimensions "acceptance of pregnancy", "readiness for labour" and "control in labour" were lower. 
 Conclusion: In the study, the adaptation to the pregnancy of both groups was found to be similar. On the other hand, pregnant women who received infertility treatment were found to have lower adaptation to the thoughts about the wellbeing of self and baby sub-dimension, and higher adaptation to the identification with the role of motherhood, preparation for labour and control in labour subdimensions.

Effects of health literacy education on adaptation to pregnancy, self-efficacy, fear of childbirth and health literacy in Turkish pregnant women: A randomized, controlled trial.

This research aims to evaluate the effects of health literacy (HL) education on Turkish pregnant women's adaptations to pregnancy, self-efficacy, fear of childbirth and HL levels. This was a randomised, controlled trial. The research was carried out in the Marmara region of Turkey between July 2018 and April 2019. This research was conducted with three groups including one control (n=73) and two intervention (n=109) groups. One of the intervention groups was given antenatal education (AE) for improving HL (HL-AE) (n=53), and the other was provided AE (n=56) only. A Pregnancy Information Form, Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire, Fear of Childbirth and The Postpartum Period Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Turkey Health Literacy Scale-32 were used for data collection. Results show that adaptation to pregnancy, general self-efficacy and HL levels significantly improved while fear of childbirth decreased in the group that was provided HL-AE intervention group. Additional when the pre-education and post-education scale scores were compared in the AE group, it was found that there was a significant difference in other scale scores, but not for fear of childbirth.

The relationship between domestic violence against women, adaptation to pregnancy and maternal-fetal antenatal attachment.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between domestic violence against women, adaptation to pregnancy, and maternal-fetal antenatal attachment. The study consisted of 385 pregnant women who were referred to the antenatal clinics of a public hospital in eastern Turkey. The data were collected using the Domestic Violence against Women Scale (DVAWS), the Maternal-Fetal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS), and the Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) to assess adaptation to pregnancy. Pregnant women were exposed to low level of violence (Mean ± SD: 64.42 ± 5.30). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between their DVAWS and PSEQ mean scores. There was also a statistically significant positive correlation between their DVAWS and MAAS mean scores. Findings show that as domestic violence against women increased, adaptation to pregnancy decreased and maternal-fetal attachment increased.

Validity and reliability of the lederman Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) in Brazil

BackgroundThe Lederman Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) is used to assess psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy, labor, childbirth, and maternity. The PSEQ is a tool used in various countries and has been translated into Portuguese; however, it needs to be validated in Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of the PSEQ in Brazilian pregnant women.MethodThis methodological validity study investigated internal consistency and reliability using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients. Construct validity was assessed using Pearson’s correlation between domains and confirmatory factor analysis. To assess concurrent validity, Pearson’s correlation between the different domains of the PSEQ and Prenatal Psychosocial Profile-Portuguese Version (PPP-VP) was determined. The level of significance was set at 5%.ResultsThis study included 399 pregnant women in the northeastern region of Brazil. The internal consistency and reliability of the total PSEQ score were high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95). Validity analysis showed positive and significant correlations between all PSEQ domains, ranging from 0.14 to 0.56. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the following values of goodness of fit: RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.08, CFI = 0.61, χ2/df = 1.77. The discriminant and concurrent validities of the PSEQ were confirmed.ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of the PSEQ has adequate psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy in Brazilian pregnant women.

The Relationship Between Pregnant Women' Emotional Intelligence and Fear of Childbirth, Readiness For Childbirth and Ways of Coping with Stress

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the relationship between pregnant women's emotional intelligence (EI) , Fear of Labor (FOC), Readiness for Labor (RFC), and ways of overcoming the stress.
 
 Material and Method: The research is descriptive-correlational. The study was carried out with 665 pregnant women who were in the third trimester and admitted to the obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Nothern Turkey. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Emotional Intelligence Assessment Scale (EIAS), Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) and Ways of Coping Checklist (WCCL). Percentage, mean ± standard deviation and median, Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression analysis were used to analyze the data.
 
 Results: In the study, the pregnant women's emotional intelligence (EI) score average was 126.30±28, the RFC average was 29.25±4.77 and the FOC average was 27.46±4.58. Self-Confident Approach, Optimistic Approach and Finding Social Support dimensions of the Stress Coping Styles Scale in Pregnant Women were found to be above the average score, and the Desperate Approach and Submissive Approach dimensions scores were below the average score. It was determined that there was a weakly significant positive correlation between the total EI scores of the pregnant women and the mean scores of RFC, FOC and coping with stress (p

The effects of adverse childhood experiences on pregnancy-related anxiety and acceptance of motherhood role

Adverse childhood experiences are a factor that may cause physical illness and deterioration of lifelong well-being in addition to many mental and psychiatric problems in the future. It is important to question and treat them. This study examined the effects of adverse childhood experiences on pregnancy-related anxiety and acceptance of motherhood role. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 536 pregnant women. The data were collected using the "Personal Information Form", the "Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEQ)", the "Acceptance of Motherhood Role (AoMR)" subscale of the "Prenatal Self Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ)" and the "Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2)". It was found that those with high levels of negative childhood experience had higher levels of anxiety in pregnancy and lower acceptance of maternal role than the other groups (p<0.05). Additionally, a one-unit change in the AoMR score led to a 0.23-unit decrease in the ACEQ score, whereas a one-unit change in the PRAQ-R2 score led to a 0.57-unit increase in the ACEQ score (p<0.001). Adverse childhood events increase pregnancy-related anxiety and negatively affect acceptance of motherhood role.

Effectiveness of Midwifery Counseling on Adaptation to Pregnancy, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Quality of Life in Unplanned Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Women with unplanned pregnancy experienced a number of psychological problems. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of midwifery counseling based on cognitive approach in improvement of adaptation to pregnancy, mother-fetal attachment and quality of life among unplanned pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This pre-test posttest control group single blind study was done on pregnant women who were chosen from the healthcare centers of Zanjan city, Iran.Of 187 women screened for eligibility to participate in the study, 54 unplanned pregnant women met inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned into intervention group or control group. The intervention group received eight weekly group cognitive therapy sessions. The control group received prenatal routine care. The participants answered WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire, Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale, and Lederman Prenatal Self-evaluation Questionnaire at pretest, posttest, and one-month follow- up periods. Results: The two groups were not different in terms of age (p = 0.89), educational status (p = 0.56), and job status (p = 0.31). In addition, they were not different regarding pre-test scores of Lederman Prenatal Self-evaluation Questionnaire (p = 0.27), Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale (p = 0.22), and WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (p = 0.37). At posttest and one-month follow- up, the intervention group showed significant improvement in adaptation to pregnancy (p < 0.0001), Maternal-fetal attachment (p < 0.0001), and quality of life (p < 0.0001) than the control group. Conclusion Midwifery counseling based on cognitive approach could be an effective approach to improve adaption to pregnancy, maternal-fetal attachment, and quality of life among women who became pregnant unintentionally.

Psychosocial predictors of the fear of childbirth in Turkish pregnant women

Introduction Fear of childbirth (FOC) affects women’s emotional health, preparation for birth, and outcomes of birth. Identifying the predictors of FOC can aid in identifying strategies for reducing women’s FOC. Objective This descriptive, cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the psychosocial predictors of FOC in pregnant women. Methods The participants were 624 nulliparous and multiparous pregnant women in their last trimester. Data were collected using a personal information form, Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire A, Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of FOC. Results FOC was high among this study’s participants and severe for one fifth of them. The psychosocial variables predicting FOC were self-efficacy and trait anxiety level, and spousal support was found to be a mediator variable in the relationship between self-efficacy and FOC. Conclusion The findings suggest that psychosocial variables are key to predicting FOC.

Gebelikte Alınan Kiloya Bağlı Beden Algısı ile Gebeliğin Kabulü Arasındaki İlişki

Aim: This study aims to investigate the relation between body perception and acceptance of prenancy related with the weight gain during the pregnancy. Material-Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2017 and January 2018 at the Health Research and Application Center Hospital, Gynecology and Urology Polyclinics of a university in Edirne. The study was conducted with 185 women who presented to the hospital. Data were collected with the information form prepared by the researchers according to the literature, The Subscale Body Perception of Pregnancy Self-Perception of Pregnants Scale (SPSS-BPP) and The subscale Acceptance of Pregnancy of Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ-AP). Results: The mean of age was found 29.9 ± 6.4 years, marriage time was 7.3 ± 6.5 years, gestational week was 26.0 ± 8.3 weeks, the mean of weight that they gained during pregnancy was 9.1 ± 4.1 kilos. It was determined that 64.9% of pregnants were uncomfortable with kilos and 14.6% of them thought that others were uncomfortable with their kilos. The mean of subscale Body Perception of Pregnancy of SPPS was 15.7 ± 5.4. The mean of subscale Acceptance of Pregnancy of PSEQ scores were 23.8 ± 14.6. There was a correlation between SPSS-BPP scores and PSEQ-AP scores of pregnant women. There was a correlation between weight they gained during pregnancy and SPSS-BPP and PSEQ-AP scores of pregnant women. Conclusion: According to results, while the body perception of pregnancy increased positively, the acceptance of pregnancy also increased. When the acceptance of pregnancy increased, body perception also affected positively.

Effects of ultrasound on anxiety and psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy.

Ultrasound is a common medical care procedure during pregnancy which has psychological implications. Research has found that it reduces the mother's level of anxiety, but there is not enough literature on the effects of the ultrasound in relation to the trimester it is done (first, second, and third) and the effects on the psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ultrasound in the first, second, and third trimester on anxiety and variables related to psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy. A pre-post intervention design was used. Participants were 111 pregnant women attending a prenatal diagnosis ultrasound scan procedure, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) were used to measure anxiety and psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy, respectively. Previous history was obtained through an interview. Results indicated that anxiety diminished after the ultrasound regardless of the trimester in which the ultrasound took place. However, first trimester ultrasound showed an additional benefit favoring the mother's psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy, identification with the motherhood role, and the quality of the relationship with the partner. These findings suggest that in addition to the medical value of the ultrasound, it also has an important psychological value that has to be considered in order to guarantee an integral care of the pregnant women, especially in the first trimester.

Use of mobile applications and blogs by pregnant women in Turkey and the impact on adaptation to pregnancy

ObjectivesThis study aimed to demonstrate how the use of mobile applications and blogs impacts on a woman's pregnancy. DesignThis was a descriptive study. A questionnaire and the Prenatal Self Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) were administered to collect the data. The PSEQ was developed to evaluate a woman's adaptation to pregnancy before labour and contained seven subscales: acceptance of pregnancy, identification of a motherhood role, relationship with her mother, relationship with her husband, preparation for labour, prenatal fear of helplessness and loss of control in labour and concern for the well-being of self and baby. Lower scores indicated a greater level of adaptation to pregnancy. SettingsData were collected from gynaecology and obstetrics outpatient clinics in a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey. ParticipantsA total of 230 women agreed to participate in the study. Women were included if they were literate, were 25–40 weeks pregnant, had experienced no complications during pregnancy and did not have a psychiatric illness or disorder. Measurement and findingsA total of 43.1% of women reported using at least one mobile application during pregnancy, and 34.3% reported using at least one pregnancy-related blog. The mean total PSEQ score was 133 (mobile applications users’ score: 129; blogs users’ score: 130). There were no significant differences between those women using and those not using mobile applications in terms of the total PSEQ score; however, pregnant women using mobile applications had better adaptation levels to pregnancy in terms of their acceptance of pregnancy and relationship with her husband. No significant differences were found between those women using and those not using pregnancy blogs in terms of the total PSEQ score; however, pregnant women using blogs had better adaptation levels to pregnancy in terms of the relationship with her mother. Key conclusionsThis study revealed that the use of mobile applications and blogs is common among pregnant women. The use of mobile applications and blogs both enhance a woman's adaptation to pregnancy but in different ways. Implications for practiceIn accordance with these results, technology-based training materials (e.g. mobile applications, blogs etc.) should be developed and used in the health education and counselling of pregnant women.

Mentors Offering Maternal Support Reduces Prenatal, Pregnancy-Specific Anxiety in a Sample of Military Women

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of the Mentors Offering Maternal Support (MOMS) program to reduce pregnancy-specific anxiety and depression and build self-esteem and resilience in military women. DesignRandomized controlled trial with repeated measures. SettingLarge military community in Texas. ParticipantsPregnant women (N = 246) in a military sample defined as active duty or spouse of military personnel. MethodsParticipants were randomized in the first trimester to the MOMS program or normal prenatal care. Participants attended eight 1-hour sessions every other week during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Pregnancy-specific anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and resilience were measured in each trimester. Linear mixed models were used to compare the two-group difference in slope for prenatal anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and resilience. ResultsThe Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire was used to measure perinatal anxiety. Rates of prenatal anxiety on the Identification With a Motherhood Role (p = .049) scale and the Preparation for Labor (p = .017) scale were significantly reduced for participants in MOMS. Nulliparous participants showed significantly lower anxiety on the Acceptance of Pregnancy scale and significantly greater anxiety on the Preparation for Labor scale. Single participants had significantly greater anxiety on the Well-Being of Self and Baby in Labor scale, and participants with deployed husbands had significantly greater anxiety on the Identification With a Motherhood Role scale. ConclusionParticipation in the MOMS program reduced pregnancy-specific prenatal anxiety for the dimensions of Identification With a Motherhood Role and Preparation for Labor. Both dimensions of anxiety were previously found to be significantly associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. Military leaders have recognized the urgent need to support military families.

Association between fear of childbirth and maternal acceptance of pregnancy.

This descriptive study aimed to explore the associations between fear of childbirth, acceptance of pregnancy and identification with the motherhood role among primipara women. Women who have difficulty accepting their pregnancy have a harder time adapting to pregnancy and motherhood and experience more fears related to childbirth. The number of studies conducted on this topic is limited. This study involved 310 pregnant women admitted to a public hospital in Istanbul between January and June of 2013. A participant identification form, the Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A were used for data collection. Pregnant women participating in the study experienced moderate levels fear of childbirth. Pregnant women who requested caesarean section experienced more intense fear of childbirth. Fear of childbirth scores had significant but weak correlations with acceptance of pregnancy and identification with the motherhood role. The findings showed that acceptance of pregnancy and identification with the motherhood role are weakly associated with fear of childbirth. The results from this study can be used to help: increase awareness among health professionals (doctors, nurses, midwives) in antenatal care services about a mother's adaptation to pregnancy and the negative effects of fear of childbirth; direct future research examining factors affecting adaptation to pregnancy and fear of childbirth; establish routine assessments for adaptation to pregnancy and fear of childbirth; provide professional support for women with difficulties adapting to pregnancy and with fear of childbirth; result in reduced complications from invasive methods such as caesarean section due to less requests for these procedures; and promote the health of mothers and babies.

Antenatal Education on Pregnant Adolescents in Turkey: Prenatal Adaptation, Postpartum Adaptation, and Newborn Perceptions

This clinical trial study was planned in order to evaluate the effect of antenatal education on antenatal and postpartum adaptation and newborn perceptions among adolescent pregnant women. A research assistant met with pregnant adolesencents in a Family Health Center and at the participants' homes. The sample included 70 pregnant adolescents (35 in experimental group, 35 in control group) chosen through simple random sampling. The experimental group received antenatal eduation, whereas the control group merely had routine surveillance. As for data collection tools, the Prenatal Self Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ), the Postpartum Self Evaluation Questionnaire (PPSEQ) and the Newborn Perception Scale (NPI) was used. It was found that the experiment group who received antenatal education had a lower mean total PSEQ score (133.94 ± 15.62) compared to the control group (159.86 ± 17.83). In the comparison of two groups, it was determined that the experiment group had lower mean total PPSEQ scores on the 1st day, 1st week and 2nd week compared to the control group, indicating higher levels of postpartum adaptation (p=.017, p=.009, p=.029). It was determined that the level of prenatal adaptation was higher in the experiment group, which received antenatal education, than in the control group and that levels of postpartum adaptation was significantly higher in the experiment group on the 1st postpartum day and the 1st and 2nd postpartum weeks but not on the 4th postpartum week. There were no significant differences between the experiment and control groups in terms of NPI results.

日本語版Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaireの開発

日本語版Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaireの開発