Building Premises Research Articles

Prospects and Sustainability in Car Parking Systems in select Neighbourhoods of Port Harcourt Municipality

Well-organised parking in cities promotes urban environmental sustainability and livability. The study aimed to explore and sustain the prospects of parking systems in neighbourhoods of Port Harcourt Municipality, Nigeria. The objectives were ascertaining the parking systems of neighbourhoods of the study area, identifying prospects of parking systems of neighbourhoods of the study area, and identifying measures to sustain the prospects of parking systems in neighbourhoods of the study area. The study adopted a quantitative approach using a descriptive research design. The study employed stratified and simple random sampling techniques to select sampled neighbourhoods and respondents for the study. A stratified sampling technique was employed to group the neighbourhoods into 3 strata (high, medium and low densities). 3 neighbourhoods were selected to represent each stratum namely: PH Township (high density), Orominike-D/Line (medium density) and Orije Layout- Old GRA (low density) for the study. A total of 397 respondents were determined and interviewed using the Taro Yamane formula at a 5% precision level. The study revealed that there exist on-street and off-street parking systems with various parking types including parallel, perpendicular, echelon angled and double-parking types. These parking systems are both off-street and on-street types. The prospects of the parking systems parking spaces in the building premises, along the carriageway on the street, in front of the building, space in other premises, public places and open spaces within the neighbourhoods. These conditions have promoted orderliness, safety, and security of road users such as residents, businesses, and visitors. The study found measures to sustain the prospects are creating more parking spaces/lots and designate parking area in the neighbourhoods, building a paid-parking facility in the neighbourhoods, marking parking areas clearly, government should enforce provision of parking spaces on premises, avoiding parking in the front of buildings where the space is inadequate, stop using designated parking spaces for other purposes, parkers to stop double parking in the streets, and impound broken-down vehicles in the streets. Therefore, to further sustain and enhance the prospects of parking systems in the neighbourhoods, the study recommended all government agencies should synergise to prepare parking plans for neighbourhoods. identify vacant spaces at strategic locations in the neighbourhoods where off-street parking facilities will be provided, clearly mark out designated parking spaces and parking lots along the streets, introduce a paid-parking system in the neighbourhoods, introduce one-side (parallel or perpendicular) parking along streets that are narrow in width, regulate and enforce the elimination of street trading, indiscriminate parking, removal of bad vehicles and discourage double parking in the neighbourhoods.

Analysis of the Thermal Regime of a Residential Building Premises after an Emergency Shutdown of the Heating System

Maintaining favorable microclimatic conditions in a residential dwelling is directly related to the stable operation of the heating system. An emergency shutdown of the heating system, especially in the winter season, can lead to serious negative consequences: disruption of thermal comfort for people in the residential building, rupture of pipelines and heating devices, flooding of adjacent premises, etc. Thus, the issue of predicting the thermal regime of a residential dwelling after the termination of heat supply is of practical relevance. The object of study: Residential premises in buildings. Subject of study: Patterns of change in the temperature of the indoor air (in dimensional and dimensionless forms), the rate of temperature drop, and the loss of thermal energy during an emergency shutdown of the heating system. Objective of the study: To forecast the thermal regime of a room in a residential building after an emergency shutdown of the heating system. Research methods: Classical theory of thermal stability of building enclosures; theory of regular thermal regime, according to which the temperature field at all points of the cooled body (in this case, the heating system) changes in the same way, obeying the exponential law; software computer calculations. Research results: In a room of a residential building, the indoor air temperature will reach the dew point (12.5 ℃) within 8 hours 42 minutes after an emergency shutdown of the heating system and zero value - after 23 hours 42 minutes. Based on the conducted scientific research, it can be stated that the thermal storage capacity of external enclosures, due to their design features, plays a primary role in preserving the thermal regime of a residential dwelling after the heating system is turned off.

Hypogeomagnetic field in residential and public buildings

Introduction. The impact of geomagnetic field (GMF) on the human body is a proven fact, while an increased, but also a weakened geomagnetic field is the critical factor. The problems of normalization of GMF levels in existing residential and public buildings lead to the need for the use of calculation methods at the design stage of multistorey and high-rise buildings, the development of instrumental control methods at the stage of commissioning. 
 The purpose of the study was to develop and scientifically substantiate methodological approaches to carrying out field measurements of GMF intensity and calculating the GMF attenuation coefficient in residential and public buildings.
 Materials and methods. The current and previously valid regulatory and methodological documents establishing requirements for geomagnetic field intensity measurements were analyzed, as well as protocols of GMF intensity measurement at thirty commissioned facilities completed in 2018–2022.
 Results. Issues arising during the measurements of GMF intensity and assessing hypogeomagnetic conditions in residential and public buildings are identified. The minimum required amount of work, control points of measurements, requirements to measuring instruments (MI), as well as to the processing and registration of the obtained measurement results are proposed.
 Limitations. The results of the study can be used only for measuring the GMF intensity and assessing hypogeomagnetic conditions in the premises of residential and public buildings, and are not applied to measurements in the workplace.
 Conclusion. The proposed methodological approaches will make it possible to carry out measurements of the geomagnetic field intensity, process and document the obtained results, as well as assess hypogeomagnetic conditions in residential and public buildings for compliance with current hygienic standards.

Analytical studies of the functioning of ventilation with local cooling in public buildings

Today, the creation of optimal microclimatic conditions is mandatory for the vast majority of premises in public buildings. The main problem in the cooling period of the year is the minimization of energy consumption. Traditional systems with recirculation require the return of exhaust air to the ventilation unit, which is obviously accompanied by additional energy costs for its movement. In addition, this enlarges air handling units, airducts and other equipment. This problem is not present in ventilation systems with local cooling. They consist of a ventilation system that provides a minimum flow of outdoor air and local closers that take air from the upper or middle zone, cool it and supply it to the room. The work considers the principles of analytical description of processes in a room with the simultaneous operation of ventilation and local cooling. A calculation algorithm and a software based on it have been created. The basis of the analytical description is the simplification that the supply air and the air after the closers are first mixed, and then the mixture participates in the assimilation of excess heat and moisture in the room. The influence of various factors on the productivity and cold performance of the guides is analyzed. It is shown that for maximum energy efficiency with minimum costs, it is necessary to perform the calculation, and not to use aggregated indicators. It is shown that the performance of the closers can exceed the consumption of outside air. The closers return the exhausted air to the working area, which leads to an increase in the carbon dioxide content in it and the possibility of the return of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses to it. It is shown how both problems are solved by a biotechnological measure - remedial phytodesign. The recommended assortment of plants is given.

ISSUES OF DETERMINING THE COMPOSITION OF PARTICIPANTS OF JOINT HOUSE OWNERSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND PARTICIPANTS OF A CONDOMINIUM IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

This scientific article presents a comparative legal study of the concepts of "participants of joint household ownership" in the Republic of Belarus and "participants of a condominium" in the Republic of Kazakhstan, determines their relationship with persons who are obliged to pay for housing and communal and other services in the considered legal relationship. The methodological basis of this work is a combination of general scientific and special legal methods of cognition. The scientific approaches presented in the article testify to the importance of an unambiguous definition in the legislation of the subjects of legal relations that develop in multi-apartment residential buildings. In addition to the owners of premises, apartments or other premises (including non-residential) in multi-apartment buildings may belong to legal entities owning property on limited rights in rem. In the Republic of Belarus, as well as in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the limited property rights of legal entities are the right of economic management and the right of operational management. At the same time, Belarusian legislation does not classify such entities as participants in joint home ownership, which occurs in multi-apartment residential buildings, which creates problems in the distribution of costs in managing the common property of joint household ownership, which are often assigned to the owners of premises (residential or non-residential). The judicial practice of the Republic of Belarus, analyzed in the article, testifies to examples of different application of the legislation on joint household ownership. On the basis of the study presented in this article, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, which regulates legal relations on joint home ownership, in terms of clarifying the entities that are obliged to pay the costs of maintaining the common property of joint home ownership

RESEARCH OF ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS FOR FOUNDATIONS UNDER THE FLOOR

The most important components of comfortable conditions for people on the premises of residential and public buildings are thermal (temperature) and acoustic comfort. By the regulatory documents of Ukraine, high requirements are imposed on the thermal and sound insulation qualities of external and internal building envelopes, especially on interfloor floors. While the problem of insufficient thermal protection primarily concerns floors over cold basements and passageways, poor sound insulation of floors is a problem for all apartments in high-rise buildings. This article analyzes the causes of acoustic discomfort in buildings. A person indoors is exposed to three types of noise: airborne, impact, and structural. The most difficult problem to solve is an impact noise through the floors. It is emphasized that despite the different noise sources, the mechanisms of propagation of structural and impact noise are similar ‒ through the structural elements of the building. Therefore, measures to reduce impact noise can simultaneously reduce the level of structural noise. The most common methods of reducing sound transmission through floors are analyzed. It is proposed to replace the conventional screed in the floor structure with a heat and sound-insulating screed based on a gypsum-cement-pozzolana binder. This paper considers only an acoustic aspect of the problem. According to the theory of acoustic dissipation, it is assumed that the effect of sound energy dissipation is enhanced by the introduction of aggregates into the mixture, which increases the number of structural heterogeneities and interfaces. The aggregates used in the mixture are expanded polystyrene granules, cork chips, and granular waste from the production of foam glass. In order to experimentally verify this assumption, laboratory methods and devices were developed for a comparative assessment of the soundproofing properties of the developed compositions. Based on the results of measuring the acoustic properties of the prototypes, experimental and statistical (ES) models were constructed, and the best combinations of mixture components were determined in terms of sound insulation. ES models of noise properties were used in the multi-criteria optimization of the composition of the composite mixture.

Hygienic assessment of mycological contamination of the internal environment of residential and public buildings

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the fungal contamination of the internal environment of the premises of residential and public buildings and developed proposals for the methodology for conducting mycological examination of indoor air and building structures. 
 Materials and methods. The objects of research were urban atmospheric air, residential apartments, and office premises with and without fungal infection of wall structures, medical premises for various purposes. The studies included determination of the number of microscopic fungi in 1 m3 of air (CFU/m3); determination of the content of viable fungal flora in scrapings and in swabs from places suspected of having a fungal infection; measurements of humidity of enclosing structures and microclimatic parameters of the indoor air environment; evaluation of the ventilation system. 
 Results. The concentration of microscopic fungi in indoor air without fungal infection of wall structures was shown to depend on fungal pollution of atmospheric air. The peak of fungal air pollution in unaffected rooms and the ambient air, was detected over the spring-summer season. In residential apartments and office premises of public buildings with fungal infection of wall structures, the content of microscopic fungi in the air, regardless of the season, was tens and hundreds of times higher than the content of fungal flora in the air of “healthy” premises and in the atmospheric air. Fungal air pollution in residential and office premises is mainly associated with fungi of the Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Rizopus genera in wards, treatment and diagnostic rooms – yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. 
 Limitations. The results of the study do not apply to the production facilities of biological industry enterprises, livestock and poultry complexes.
 Conclusion. The necessity of conducting a mycological examination of premises has been substantiated, and a draft of methodological recommendations for conducting mycological examinations of indoor air and building structures has been developed.

Reversible decentralized ventilation: Experimental determination of efficiency by carbon dioxide level

We studied decentralized ventilation devices based on a regenerative heat exchanger with a reverse mode of operation. These devices are capable of recovering up to 90% of the heat used for ventilation of premises. They are a cheaper alternative to central units, and can solve the problem of high heat consumption for ventilation of buildings. Such devices are of little use in practice, since their efficiency concerning providing the required air exchange is poorly studied. The reverse mode of operation is not typical for room ventilation, since the same device constantly changes its purpose between supply and exhaust, which constantly changes the air distribution pattern in the room and can affect the efficiency of dilution and removal of harmful substances. Taking this fact into account makes the study original. The aim of the study is to experimentally determine the efficiency of ventilation in the premises of civil buildings when using such devices. The efficiency criterion was the level of carbon dioxide concentration in the room with a specified limit value of 1000 ppm. People were the source of carbon dioxide. Ventilation was represented by two decentralized devices. The experiment consisted in determining the level of carbon dioxide concentration in natural conditions with a different number of people in the room and different ventilation performance. The results of the experiment were verified by analytical determination of the level of carbon dioxide in the room. As a result of the experiment, dependences of changes in CO2 concentration over time were obtained when one, two and five people were in a room with and without ventilation. To ensure the level of carbon dioxide concentration below the limit (1000 ppm), the required ventilation capacity for one person was 40 m3/h, for two people – 80 m3/h, for five people – more than 160 m3/h. The results allow us to make conclusions about the efficiency of decentralized ventilation devices with reversible mode for premises with a small number of people.

Cleaner air for vulnerable people – Finding better locations for essential building premises

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution even at relatively low concentrations is associated with adverse health effects especially for children, the elderly and people with pre-existing chronic disease. Due to a variety of urban planning decisions, essential building premises attended by these vulnerable groups may be sited in locations exposed to higher levels of air pollution. Using high spatial resolution air pollution concentrations estimated by satellite-based Land Use Regression (LUR) models in Australia, we mapped and approximated the annual average concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at schools, child care centres, aged care facilities and hospitals across Sydney. We found that 137 (3.1 %) and 287 (6.4 %) of the total number of essential buildings assessed were exposed to annual average PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, respectively, where: the air pollutant concentrations were greater than the median concentration of other locations in the surrounding Local Government Area (LGA), and; air pollutant levels were greater than the 90th percentile concentrations for Sydney, and; air pollution at the essential building location was at least 1 µg/m3 for PM2.5 or 2 ppb for NO2 greater than the 25th percentile concentration of other locations in the LGA. Based on these criteria, we found that many essential building premises in Sydney were in high air pollution locations and there were other meaningfully lower air pollution locations within the surrounding area. Air quality is becoming an increasingly important issue for local jurisdictions to consider as more essential amenities are required to serve denser populations in busier places exposed to more air pollution. Our study showed that high resolution maps can be used as a health-based planning tool to encourage the siting of buildings at locations better protective of health.

The Use of Digital Technologies in the Field of Housing and Communal Services

Some issues of using digital technologies in the housing and communal services sector are considered as a way to participate in a general meeting of owners of premises in apartment buildings. From the standpoint of ensuring the identification of the subject of the relevant legal relationship in order to ensure the protection of his rights. In this regard, conclusions are drawn about the need not only to form certain requirements for the technical or technological support of the voting process, including the definition of the corresponding corresponding responsibilities of the management company, but also the need for more thorough legislative regulation of the process of individualization of the subject of civil legal relations in the digital environment, including not only at the initial stage, but also before the start, as well as during the voting process.

Influence of the Shape and Proportions of Window Openings and the Presence of External Window Wall Structures on the Luminous and Insolation Environment in the Premises

The article deals with issues related to ensuring the required parameters of the luminous environment in the premises of civil buildings with a lateral system of daylighting in them while simultaneously ensuring the necessary duration of insolation in these premises. It is noted that in modern architectural and construction practice, these requirements can be met, in particular, through the use of various shapes and proportions of window openings, as well as through the use of window wall structures of various types. On the basis of the conducted research, it was concluded that this approach is promising, since it fully meets modern requirements for the creation of energy-efficient buildings based on passive (natural) methods that ensure a normal microclimate of the internal environment in the premises solely due to specific architectural and structural design techniques.

Будівельні композитні матеріали на основі деревини: оцінка безпеки в Україні та система технічного регулювання в ЄС

Abstract. Composite building materials based on wood (further ‒ wood plastics) remain a key object of sanitary and hygienic research as an important source of marker air pollutants in residential premises. Aim. Generalization of the results of sanitary and hygienic studies of wood plastics that are in circulation on the market of Ukraine; comparative analysis of individual provisions of the system of technical regulation of the specified products in the EU and Ukraine. Materials and Methods. Directives of EU countries in the field of technical regulation of chemically hazardous construction materials and sanitary legislation of Ukraine; data of sanitary-hygienic researches of the air of residential premises based on complaints of residents of the city of Kyiv, carried out by the "Kyiv City Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" (2010-2019); the results of chamber studies of samples (N=4859) of building products based on wood plastics and furniture, performed in the polymer hygiene laboratory of the State Enterprise "L.I. Medved’s Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" (2010-2019). Statistical analysis ‒ Microsoft Excel 2019. Results. According to the research data of wood-plastic samples, a high level of their compliance with technical requirements and quality parameters and hygienic standards of Ukraine was established, so over the 10 years of research, the average deviations were: glued plywood, veneered panels, other laminated wood materials - 3.59% (n=1234); fiberboard boards made of wood or other wood materials with or without the addition of resins or other substances ‒ 1.36% (n=1512); chipboard boards, with oriented chips and similar boards (for example, wafer boards) ‒ 1.73% (n=1441); furniture samp-les – 1.6% (n=672). At the same time, an increase in the number of cases of exceeding the concentration of phenol and formaldehyde in relation to the MPC average daily in the air of residential premises of multi-apartment buildings during the same period was found: phenol by 2.86 times (R2=0.764), formaldehyde by 2.7 times (R2=0.529). The difference between wood-plastic samples sent for sanitary-hygienic research and those products that enter residential premises is not excluded, and cases of wood-plastic use in residential premises that are not intended are also found. Fundamental differences in the approaches of the EU and Ukraine to the assessment of the safety of composite building materials still remain unsettled. Difficulties in adapting the product safety regulatory system in the EU for introduction in Ukraine are due to the methodology of risk assessment for human health as a key tool for substantiating product and commodity safety standards. The main distinguishing feature of the EU legal framework on this issue is the recognition of product safety based on the absence of unacceptable risk, and the methodology that was implemented in the Soviet period (more than 30-40 years ago) is based on the principle of "zero risk". Conclusions. There is a need to harmonize the EU system of technical regulation and safety for construction products based on wood with the approaches that are in force in Ukraine, which will contribute to updating the national sanitary legislation, methodology, criteria, and methodical approaches to ensure the safety of a wide range of construction products for the population. An effective tool on this path can be the development and implementation of a targeted interdisciplinary state program. Key Words: wood plastics, risk assessment, technical regulation.

Verification of compliance with the requirements of the norms for the internal microclimate of a corner room

The article considers the buildings of the transport infrastructure that provides services to transport workers, e.g. medical and preventive, children's educational and educative institutions. The resistance to heat transfer of the windows was not increased for such buildings at the last change in the norms of thermal protection in the Russian Federation in 2018. In this regard, it is important to check compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents for radiation temperature and asymmetry of the radiation temperature at the boundary of the serviced area of the premises of such buildings. A literary review has shown that much attention is paid to these parameters in the world. Since the heat transfer resistance of the windows is much less than that of the outer walls, the influence of the outside air temperature on the temperature of the inner surface of the window is much greater than that of the walls. The proposed article considers a corner room of an intermediate floor with windows in the outer walls, occupying 35% of the area of the external enclosing structures, in Belgorod. The building is serviced by air heating. A comparison of the radiation temperature and the asymmetry of the radiation temperature with the same indicators in the ordinary room considered earlier showed that with windows of the specified size, the influence of the second window significantly reduces the radiation temperature and increases the values of the local asymmetry of the radiation temperature. At the same time, during the estimated winter period, not only optimal, but also permissible requirements of the regulatory document are not met at the border of the serviced area of the premises.

Air movement processes in living rooms with windowsill supply air valves

The main issue highlighted in the given paper is deviation of microclimate parameters from regulatory values due to improper distribution of air flows in living rooms of blocks of flats. The present work is aimed at obtaining a working mathematical model of natural ventilation system operation, and its further studying for optimization or modernization. The analysis of regulatory documents, research works of national and foreign scientists, developments in the field of natural ventilation and ventilation of residential buildings in general, as well as specific field experiments describing or mentioning similar problems has been carried out. The author’s mathematical model of air exchange in the living room has been presented and analyzed. The boundary conditions in the mathematical model were set as air flow rate and air temperature, and the temperature on the surface of the heater. The features and patterns of air flow distribution inside the room were determined, obtained as a result of mathematical modeling. The distributions of air velocity in the volume of the room were given. Similar problems were indicated for premises of residential buildings of a different functional purpose. Amendments to the existing standards, as well as technical solutions were proposed.

Overview of the Trombe-Michel wall application in concept of an energy-efficient building

The aim of the study is to consider different configurations of the Trombe-Michel wall. The researches of various scientists such as A. K. Soloviev, S. Corasaniti, L. Manni, F. Russo, F. Gori, V. V. Bryzgalin, K. N. Klevets have been studied. The construction of the Trombe-Michel wall has been described and compared with the solar wall. Heat fluxes and modifications of ventilation openings have been studied. The dependence of air flows on the configuration of the elements of the Trombe-Michel wall has been analyzed. The use of a passive house in the conditions of a heterogeneous climate in Russia has been considered. A comparative analysis of various passive houses is conducted. Effective methods for assessing the Trombe-Michel wall have been found. The possibility of achieving energy effiency and reducing the load on the systems for maintaining the microclimate of the building premises is described. The method of complex qualimetric assessment using four indicators has been considered.

DETERMINATION OF SEASONAL CHANGES IN CONCENTRATIONS OF RADON ISOTOPES WITHIN KURCHATOV TOWN

The article presents findings on the content of radon isotopes in the air of buildings maintained in Kurchatov t., the dependence of concentrations of radon isotopes in residential and administrative buildings on a season assessed as well as on the type of premises and their purpose. Seasonal variations in radon concentrations in the air were studied by measuring the equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity (EEVA) and the volumetric activity (VA) of radon. For the first time, volumetric activities of radon isotopes in premises of residential and industrial buildings have been determined. Data showed that EEVA and VA values of radon in the air of residential and administrative premises surveyed increase from winter toward summer in the following descending series: summer > autumn > spring > winter, which, is perhaps related to soil freezing and the presence of the snow cover at the winter time. Radon concentration was also proved to decrease in the indoor air with a storey.

AUTOMATED APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT OF THE LATERAL NATURAL ILLUMINATION IN PREMISES

Problem statement. In the XXI century a worldwide tendency to create specialized software to solve specific problems of individual subject areas is developing. Analysis of specialized software in the field of occupational safety and health showed a lack of specialized software for assessing the condition of artificial lighting in premises. The purpose of the article − the automation of the calculation process for the regulated area of light openings and assessment of the available natural lighting in the premises for residential, public and industrial buildings in accordance with the State Building Code of Ukraine B.2.5-28:2018 Natural and artificial lighting by developing specialized software. Conclusions. The developed software product «Lateral natural light» gives 21 % greater accuracy in calculating the area of light openings, 12 times less time spent on the calculations and allows you to make calculations without knowledge of the methodology. Implementation of protection against erroneous data entry provides a reduction in the number of errors that can occur during manual calculations, as well as minimizes the influence of human factor on the accuracy of calculations. Designed software can be used in the field of occupational safety and health to assess the state of the existing natural lighting of industrial premises, and in the architectural and construction industry at the stage of conceptual design of the area of light openings of the premises of industrial, public and residential buildings.

ПРОВЕРКА ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ НОРМ К ВНУТРЕННЕМУ МИКРОКЛИМАТУ УГЛОВОГО ПОМЕЩЕНИЯ

The article considers the buildings of medical and preventive, children's educational and educative institutions. The resistance to heat transfer of the windows is not increased for such buildings at the last change in the norms of thermal protection in the Russian Federation in 2018. In this regard, it is important to check compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents for radiation temperature and asymmetry of the radiation temperature at the boundary of the serviced area of the premises of such buildings. A literary review has shown that much attention is paid to these parameters in the world. Since the heat transfer resistance of the windows is much less than that of the outer walls, the influence of the outside air temperature on the temperature of the inner surface of the window is much greater than that of the walls. The proposed article considers a corner room of an intermediate floor with windows in the outer walls, occupying 35% of the area of the external enclosing structures in Belgorod. The building is serviced by air heating. A comparison of the radiation temperature and the asymmetry of the radiation temperature with the same indicators in the ordinary room considered earlier showed that with windows of the specified size, the influence of the second window significantly reduces the radiation temperature and increases the values of the local asymmetry of the radiation temperature. At the same time, during the estimated winter period optimal and permissible requirements of the regulatory document are not met at the border of the serviced area of the premises

Порівняльний розрахунок потужності та вироблення електроенергії фотоелектричними станціями (ФЕС) для цивільних об’єктів та автостоянок

Designing residential power supply systems using rene-wable energy sources is an urgent task, as it allows to ensure energy-efficient modes of power supply and power consumption, to reduce the cost of consumed electric power. The article proposes approaches to the design of a photo¬voltaic power station (PPS), which is installed on the roof of an apartment building, a multi-story parking lot, taking into account the architectural features of buildings, which significantly affect the roof area for photovoltaic cells and the consumption of electrical energy. The classification of mul¬ti-apartment residential buildings (MARB) according to architectural features is presented. Design of PPS and calculation of electric loads for MARB of various architectural groups was carried out. The calculation of electrical loads was carried out separately for the MARB and for the life support system of the MARB. The calculation was carried out using information on previously collected data on resi¬dential buildings and specific loads of apartments. The spe¬cific calculated loads of apartments take into account the lighting load of general building premises, as well as the load of low-current devices and low-power power equipment. The calculated load of the MARB power receivers was determined as the sum of the calculated loads of elevator installations and the load of sanitary and technical devices. For MARB of different architectural forms with different number of apartments, simulation of PPS operation modes was performed: taking into account the location of the PPS installation, solar radiation, features of the generating equipment, forecast values of generated power and electric energy for different periods of the year were calculated. Modeling was carried out using the SAM software package. Financial assessment of PPS projects was carried out. Capital investments for the FES and the payback period of the project were calculated.

Maintaining a Balance of Interests of Participants in the Management of Apartment Buildings (Individual Aspects)

The article deals with certain issues of maintaining the balance of interests of participants in legal relations in the housing sector. The authors highlight two main points: this is the lack of special legislative regulation of the participation of management organizations in general meetings of owners of premises in apartment buildings, in order to obtain the necessary information to protect their legitimate interests and property rights, the second is the access of management companies to justice in terms of appealing against decisions general meetings. It is seen, based on the analysis of judicial practice, that the current legislation does not fully meet the requirements for maintaining a balance of interests of managing organizations and owners of premises in apartment buildings.