Premenstrual Syndrome Scale Scores Research Articles

Are adolescents with premenstrual disorder at risk for cardiac arrhythmias?

One of the most commonly experienced symptoms of premenstrual disorder (PMD) is anxiety, and there is a notable rise in sympathomimetic activity in this patient group. Studies have linked fluctuations in systemic autonomic tone to electrocardiography (ECG) changes. This study aims to investigate the relationship between anxiety, a common symptom of PMD, and alterations in QT dispersion (QTd) and P-wave dispersion (Pd) in adolescent females. This cross-sectional study included female adolescents aged 12-18 with regular menstruation for at least 3 months. Participants completed the premenstrual syndrome scale (PMSS) and were divided into two groups, PMD and control, according to the PMSS score. A standard 12-lead body surface ECG was performed and QTd and Pd values were determined in each participant. Of the 43 participants, 27 were categorized into the PMD group, with a mean age of 15.15 ± 1.43 years. Age at menarche and menstrual cycle patterns were comparable between the PMD and control groups. Statistical analysis revealed significantly higher Pmin (p = 0.010) and Pd values (p < 0.001) in the PMD group compared to controls. A positive correlation between PMSS scores and Pd (p = 0.049) was also observed. Changes in atrial conduction and ventricular repolarization due to the pathophysiology of PMD may increase the risk of developing atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias over time. Screening patients with PMD using an ECG may be useful in identifying potentially at-risk adolescents.

The Effect of Art on Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Art-based interventions can serve as a complementary and alternative method in managing various illnesses. This study aimed to investigate the impact of art-based interventions on symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). This study was conducted between September and December 2022, involving 72 midwifery students with PMS (37 in the experimental group [EG] and 35 in the control group [CG]). Art-based interventions were applied to the EG weekly for 8weeks, while the students in the CG continued with their usual coping habits. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form and the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS). At the end of 8weeks, both the EG and the CG were reassessed with the PMSS. The students who participated in the study were similar in terms of sociodemographic, obstetric, and medical characteristics ( P >.05). Analysis of the difference between pre- and posttest measurements revealed that the PMSS scores of the EG significantly decreased ( P =.000), whereas the PMSS scores of the CG did not improve ( P =.000). The findings of the study demonstrate that art-based interventions had a therapeutic effect on PMS symptoms.

Effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on symptoms of premenstrual syndrome: A single-blind randomızed controlled trial

AimThis study was carried out to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises (PMR) on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. MethodsThe study was designed in a single-blind randomized controlled type. The study was conducted in a hospital in Western Türkiye. Seventy-nine single women who experienced PMS who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to the experimental group in which PMR would be applied, and the control group to continue their routine coping habits regarding PMS. PMR were applied to the experimental group every day for 8 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks, the experimental and control groups were re-evaluated with the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS). ResultsAt the beginning of the study, it was observed that the individual, health characteristics and PMSS mean scores of the women in the experimental and control groups were similar (p > 0.05). At the end of eight weeks, it was seen that the mean PMSS score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). When in-group comparisons were made at the end of the exercise program, no significant difference was found in the mean PMSS score of the control group compared to the beginning (p > 0.05). The PMSS score of the experimental group decreased significantly and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). ConclusionIn this study, it was seen that PMR were effective in improving PMS.

Network structure of complex interactions of premenstrual syndrome and influencing factors in young adult women

BackgroundIn the transition phase from adolescence to adulthood, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs more commonly, with a variety of symptoms. The occurrence of PMS may be the result of a combination of demographic, physiological, psychological and sociological factors. This study aimed to identify the central symptoms of PMS, and explored the complex influencing factors especially the one-to-one inter-relationships factors with specific symptoms. MethodThis is a cross-sectional study conducted in mainland China. 3458 young adult women were assessed. Using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) to assess the PMS, and PSS score was over 6 divided into PMS group, and vice versa. Influencing factors were assessed by a set of self-reported questionnaire. Network analysis was used to examined the interplay of PMS, whilst also considering the influencing factors of PMS. ResultsIn summary, 1479 participants were in PMS group. Anxiety had the highest strength centrality (1.12/1.09), shown higher centrality in the both network. Swelling of the hands or feet also shown higher strength centrality (0.89) in PMS group. PMS is associated with a higher history of dysmenorrhea, and neurotic personality. Neurotic personality - depressed mood/nervousness (0.27/0.23), history of dysmenorrhea - abdominal distension (0.21), had significantly higher weight than other edges in PMS group. ConclusionAnxiety was the most central symptom in the network, and was closely associated with other symptoms like depressed mood, which provided additional evidence for the centrality of emotional features in PMS. Moreover, the influencing factors of PMS combined demographic, physiological, psychological, and sociological factors. According to the central symptoms and factors affecting the specific PMS symptoms in young adult women, targeted intervention is helpful to prevent and alleviate PMS. LimitationCross-sectional design cannot infer the directionality of the associations between variables. All data is self-reported with recall bias and the edge weights across the constructs of influencing factors and PMS were fairly small.

The relationship between premenstrual syndrome and personality traits in university students.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between personality traits and premenstrual syndrome in university students. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 616 female university students between February and June 2020. The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale score was determined as a mean of 125.40±25.41. According to linear regression analysis, extrovert/introvert personality traits, emotional balance/neuroticism, and consistent/inconsistent personality traits were statistically significant predictive factors of premenstrual syndrome. The results of this study demonstrated that two-thirds of the students had premenstrual syndrome and personality traits affected premenstrual syndrome. It is recommended that attention should be paid to personality traits when coping with premenstrual syndrome.

Prevalence and correlates of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among women aged 18-25 in Turkey.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) are experienced in the luteal phase among women of reproductive age and affect the quality of life. This study sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of PMS and PMDD in women aged 18-25. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and May 2023, which recruited 1125 female college students. A personal information form, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) were administered. Participants who met the criteria for PMS during three consecutive menstrual cycles based on the ACOG and PMSS scores were diagnosed as having PMS. Participants who met the criteria for PMDD during three consecutive menstrual cycles based on the DSM-V were diagnosed as having PMDD. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent correlates of PMS and PMDD. PMS was found in 49.2% and PMDD in 48.0% of the participants. Women having a B blood group compared to those with A blood group were more likely to have PMS (OR = 151.80, 95% = 54.50-422.57). In addition, women with PMS were less likely to be physically active based on the metabolic equivalent of task score (OR = 0.99,95% = 0.98-0.99). Menstrual cycle duration was also longer among those with PMDD (OR = 1.47, 95% = 1.25-1.72), as was daily caffeine intake (OR = 1.01,95% = 1.00-1.01). PMSS score was also found to be associated with MDD (OR = 1.06,95% = 1.05-1.07). PMS and PMDD are associated with blood groups, MET scores, and other clinical characteristics that may help clinicians to identify these conditions among young women in Turkey.

Assessment of relationship between premenstrual syndrome symptoms with sleep quality and menstrual attitudes in medical students: A cross-sectional study

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is defined as the recurring occurrence of some symptoms before and during the early days of menstruation and negatively impacts reproductive-age women and affects their standard of living. PMS is one of the physiological conditions that can affect women’s sleep quality, self-esteem, and impair their standard of living. Aims and Objectives: (i) To assess the correlation between the symptoms of pre-menstruation and quality of sleep; (ii) To assess the correlation between the symptoms of pre-menstruation and attitude towards menstruation; and (iii) To study the result of PMS scale (PMSS) scores by attitudes of menstruation and quality of sleep. Materials and Methods: Study participants who were medical students were instructed to complete the questionnaires regarding socio-anthropological information and questions related to their attitude towards menstruation, quality of sleep, and symptoms of PMS. Results: The study determines a high positive significant correlation between the PMSS score and the mean score of sleep quality (r = 0.894, P &lt; 0.001) and a high negative significant correlation between symptoms of the PMSS score and the total menstrual attitude mean score (r = −0.807, P &lt; 0.001). The total PMSS score was significantly affected by the total score of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (β = 4.603; P &lt; 0.001) and the menstrual attitude questionnaire (β = −4.988; P = 0.001), as shown by multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion: Poor quality of sleep and a negative menstrual attitude are associated with PMS symptoms. Identifying coping mechanisms for PMS and educating the girls in the reproductive age group may improve their standard of living.

Effect of pilates exercises on premenstrual syndrome symptoms: a quasi-experimental study

ObjectivesThis study was done to identify the effect of pilates exercises on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. DesignA quasi experimental was conducted on university student with premenstrual syndrome. MethodsPopulation of the study included midwifery students with premenstrual syndrome at Istanbul University Faculty of Health Sciences (N = 286) and 50 of them became the sample (25 in experimental group and 25 in control group). Non-probablistic sampling method was used. While the students in experimental group were asked to practice the pilates exercises for three months, the students in control group were told to maintain their routine habits. At the end of the three months, premenstrual syndrome problem of experimental and control group was diagnosed and the effect of pilates on premenstrual syndrome was evaluated. Premenstrual Syndrome symptoms were evaluated through Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS). The high score received from PMSS shows that the symptoms are intensive. ResultsIt was seen that the students in the experimental and control group were similar in terms of their aspects which were individual, health and could affect premenstrual syndrome (p > 005). A statistical significant difference was not found between total scores and sub-dimension scores of PMSS in experimental and control group (p < 0.05). It was seen that PMSS total score of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group (p < 0.001). When in-group comparisons were examined, it was identified that PMSS scores of control group did not change at the beginning and end of exercise, but PMSS score of experimental group at the end of exercise was lower than their score received at the beginning of exercise and, the difference was statistically significant to the highest degree (p < 0.001). ConclusionIt was seen that the pilates exercises, which were practiced in this research, decreased the PMS symptoms considerably. In this regard, the pilates exercises have an important role in healing the PMS symptoms.

COVİD-19 SALGININDA EBELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YEME DAVRANIŞLARI İLE PREMENSTRUEL SENDROM SEMPTOMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

This study was conducted in a descriptive, correlational design to examine the relationship between the eating behaviors and the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome of midwifery students in the Covid-19 outbreak. While the population of the study was constituted by the students (N= 357) of the Health Sciences Faculty Midwifery Department of a public university, 204 students who volunteered to participate in the study constituted the sample of the study. The data were collected with the "Personal Information Form" and "Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMS)" and "Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire". It was determined that 37.8% of the students increased their appetite and 39.2% tea and coffee consumption during the three-month pandemic process in which social isolation and quarantine measures were taken, while 44.1% of them decreased their physical activity. There was a significant difference between the changes in appetite, weight and sleep of the students in the last three months and their PMS score averages. It was determined that there was a significant relationship between the PMS scale total score averages of the students and the emotional eating behavior sub-dimension of the Dutch Eating Behavior Scale and the restrictive eating behaviors sub-dimension.

Comparison of Athletes and Sedentary Students in Terms of Premenstrual Syndrome and Dysmenorrhea

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to compare athletes and sedentary students in terms of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea.&#x0D; Methods: This is a descriptive study. The study sample consisted of 341 students. The study was carried out at Pysical Education and Sports College and Nursing Department of Health College of a university between the 1st and the 15th of May, 2016. The data were collected by using an Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale and Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS).&#x0D; Results: It was determined that sedentary and the athlete students showed similar characteristics in terms of weight, marital status and economic status but differed in terms of age and height average. Dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome frequency were found to be high in both sedentary and athlete students (92.3%, 74.6%, 92.5%, 72.7%, respectively). It was found out that the mean PMSS score of the sedentary students was 118.00 ± 40.20, and the mean PMSS score of the athletes was 120.93 ± 40.76 and it was determined that the difference between the mean scores of these two groups was not significant (p&gt;0.05). It was found out that dysmenorrhea pain score was 5.54±2.32 in sedentary students and 6.15 ± 2.85 in athlete students and it was determined that this difference between the groups was significant (p

Relationship of premenstrual and menstrual symptoms to alexithymia among nursing students.

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of premenstrual and menstrual symptoms to alexithymia among nursing students. This descriptive study was conducted with 284 undergraduate nursing students. Data were collected using Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), Menstrual Symptom Scale (MSQ), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20). The PMSS, MSQ, and TAS-20 mean scores were 103.56±35.08, 2.92±0.8, and 45.22±9.17, respectively. There was statistically significant positive correlation between TAS-20 and PMSS and MSQ mean scores (p<.05). Women should be evaluated for alexithymia to prevent the adverse effects of premenstrual and menstrual symptoms.

Premenstrual syndrome in university students: its correlation with their attitudes toward gender roles

Introduction: Psychosocial factors causing premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are closely correlated with gender. Thus, this study’s aim was to identify correlations between gender role attitudes (GRA) and PMS status of university students.Methods: The participants of this descriptive study were 1515 female students from 13 departments of Hacettepe University using stratified sampling method. Data were collected between February and May 2014 using a semi-structured questionnaire, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and the Gender Roles Attitude Scale (GRAS). Correlations between PMSS and GRAS scores were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The difference between PMSS and GRAS scores in terms of sociodemographic characteristics was analyzed using the t-test and one-way analysis of variance.Results: The mean total PMSS score was 117.96 ± 34.41, indicating moderate PMS levels. The total mean GRAS score was 162.71 ± 17.50, indicating an egalitarian GRA. As the gender roles in marriage of the participants became traditional, depressive thoughts and swelling became more common (rs= −0.620, p < .05; rs= −0.560, p < .05). The educational level of the mothers and perceived economic status were sociodemographic factors affecting both GRA and PMS.Discussion: GRA and sociodemographic characteristics should be considered in healthcare services for PMS.

The Relationship of Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms with Menstrual Attitude and Sleep Quality in Turkish Nursing Student.

Symptoms induced by premenstrual syndrome (PMS) adversely affect the women in reproduction period and decrease their quality of life. In literature, it is a common opinion thought that PMS could be associated with both sleep quality and menstrual attitudes. However, there has been no sufficient number of studies to define in what ways the PMS symptoms are correlated with sleep quality and menstrual attitudes. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of PMS symptoms with menstrual attitude and sleep quality. The data were collected from 183 nursing students at Health School of Artvin Çoruh University by using a correlational design. Voluntary students completed a questionnaire involving socio-demographic characteristics, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Average age was 19.9 (1.8). The study determined a positively significant correlation between score of PMSS and mean scores of PSQI (r=0.306; P<0.001), and a negatively significant correlation between score of PMSS and total mean score of MAQ (r=-0.317; P<0.01). Similarly, multiple linear regression analysis showed that PSQI total score (β=5.412; P<0.001) and MAQ total score (β=-27.455; P=0.001) significantly affected total score of PMSS. The intensity of PMS symptoms is associated with poor sleep quality and negative menstrual attitudes. Determining the methods of coping with PMS and strengthening the young girls on this subject may enhance their quality of future life.

Validation of Turkish Version of Premenstrual Symptoms Impact Survey&amp;#153; (PMSIS&amp;#153;) for assessing status of premenstrual syndrome in women of reproductive age

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Turkish adaptation of the Premenstrual Symptoms Impact Survey™ (PMSIS™), a six-question health survey that measures the impact of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on an individual’s functional health and well-being. Methods: The PMSIS™ was independently translated into Turkish and its adaptation to Turkish language was performed via back-translation. The reliability and validity of the PMSIS™ were examined with 63 women of reproductive age, found healthy during annual well-woman gynecologic examination. Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), a Turkish questionnaire, was administered to assess the concurrent validity of the PMSIS™. For the assessment of survey data, the content validity, test-retest reliability, Cronbach’s alpha, concurrent validity, and construct validity tests were used. Results: The content validity index of the Turkish version of PMSIS™ was found as high (91%). After reliability analyses, the intra-class correlation coefficient between the PMSIS™ scores at the first and second assessments was 0.70, showing a good agreement between test and retest values; and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.89, indicating adequate and high internal consistency. Regarding the concurrent validity, the Pearson's correlation coefficient between the PMSIS™ (first assessment) and PMSS scores was 0.70 (p=0.001). Regarding the construct validity, factor analysis revealed that one dimension was found; and factor loading of items ranged from 0.74 t0 0.84 and total variant of scale was expressed as 65.1%. The PMSIS™ had a good concurrent and construct validities. Conclusions: The Turkish version of PMSIS™ has good reliability and validity properties. It is a reliable, consistent, and valid instrument to assess the status of PMS in women of reproductive age and the outcome of PMS treatment in Turkish population.

Increased childhood abuse in patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder in a Turkish sample: a cross-sectional study.

Abuse is considered to have a place in the etiology of various psychiatric disorders. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is one of the psychiatric disorders for which abuse could be an etiologic factor; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between abuse and PMDD. In this study, our aim was to investigate childhood abuse in patients with PMDD and compare them with healthy female subjects. This cross-sectional study included 70 women with PMDD (DSM-IV-TR criteria) who were admitted to the outpatient psychiatry clinic of Ankara Yenimahalle State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, between December 2012 and December 2013. Additionally, 78 healthy controls were included in the study. Sociodemographic, familial, and reproductive period characteristics of the women were recorded. All subjects were administered the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Among the sociodemographic characteristics, being a university graduate (76.9%) and being a public servant (70.5%) were significantly higher in the healthy control group (P = .01 and P = .01, respectively). A family history of PMDD (31.4%), a history of postpartum psychiatric disorders (11.4%), and a history of attempted suicide (7.1%) were higher in the PMDD group compared with the healthy control group (P = .001, P = .003, and P = .024, respectively). Significant differences were also found between PMDD and healthy controls in PMSS score (P ≤ .001), CTQ total scores (P = .002), and subscale scores including emotional abuse and emotional neglect (P = .004), physical abuse (P = .009), and sexual abuse (P = .012). To our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate associations between PMDD and childhood abuse from Turkey. More comprehensive studies on this topic with larger sample sizes are required to enrich the literature and enable practitioners to be more effective in clinical practice.