Premarital Pregnancy Research Articles

PARENTAL ACCEPTANCE OF PREMARITAL PREGNANCY AMONG UNDERAGE ADOLESCENTS IN TERMS OF RELIGION AND PSYCHOLOGY IN CINTA MAKMUR VILLAGE - LABUHANBATU

Premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents is a complex and problematic social phenomenon in Indonesia. Cinta Makmur Village in Labuhanbatu is one of the case studies with a high prevalence. This study aims to understand parental self-acceptance of premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents in the village and the factors that influence it. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with 2 pairs of parents who have teenage children who are pregnant premaritally, and documentation to support the research findings. The results of the study show that parental self-acceptance of premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents in Cinta Makmur Village varies. Some parents accept premarital pregnancy and try to help their children, while others reject and blame their children. Factors that influence parental self-acceptance include age, education, socioeconomic status, religious and cultural values, and social support. This study provides an important contribution to the understanding of parental self-acceptance of premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents in Indonesia. These factors need to be considered in efforts to prevent and manage premarital pregnancy among adolescents. The findings of this study can be used to develop intervention programs aimed at improving parental self-acceptance and reducing stigma associated with premarital pregnancy.

Marital satisfaction and subjective well-being of adolescents who marry due to premarital pregnancy

Marital satisfaction is an essential aspect of family life. Individuals who experience satisfaction in their marriage tend to exhibit positive emotions leading to happiness, which is associated with their subjective well-being encompassing their overall life satisfaction. Every individual naturally desires subjective well-being in their lives, including adolescents who marry due to unplanned pregnancies. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between marital satisfaction and subjective well-being among adolescents who married because of unplanned pregnancies. The research methodology employed in this study is quantitative, with a total sampling technique used to select 64 adolescents who married due to unplanned pregnancies as participants. The data analysis method utilized in this study is the Pearson product-moment correlation. The analysis results reveal a correlation of r = -0.356 with a significance level of 0.004 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between marital satisfaction and subjective well-being. The positive direction of this relationship suggests that lower marital satisfaction corresponds to lower subjective well-being, and vice versa

Tuan Guru and the Efforts to Prevent Early Marriage Among Sasak Tribe

Early marriage is still a problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. one of the areas with a high rate of child marriage is West Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to explore the implementation of the Marriage Law Number 16 of 2019 in Rembiga Subdistrict, Mataram City, focusing on the role of Tuan Guru in reducing early marriage cases. While national trends indicate a decline, local data shows a significant increase in early marriage cases, particularly in some Indonesian provinces. The study utilised empirical legal field research and qualitative methods, involving profound observations and interviews with fourteen informants. It identified obstacles in the application of the law, including premarital pregnancy, family conflicts, economic factors, promiscuous behaviour, normative conflicts, and suboptimal socialisation. In this context, Tuan Guru plays a crucial role in fostering understanding and compliance with the law in the Sasak Rembiga community through religious studies and marriage counselling. This strategy highlights the importance of integrating religious, cultural, and legal values to minimise early marriages and calls for cross-sector collaboration for sustained effectiveness.

Comparison of Early Marriage Age in Bangladesh, Ghana, Iraq and Indonesia

Early marriage is marriage before the age of 18 for either boys or girls. Early marriage can be influenced by customs, beliefs and religion. Customs in some areas lead to girls marrying much older men and have occurred in parts of Indonesia, especially in rural and inland areas. This study aims to examine the socio-cultural factors that drive the incidence of early marriage. The main methods in this research are qualitative ethnography and Narrative review. From the literature review research analyzed, there are several factors that influence early marriage, namely knowledge, education, socio-culture, income, economy, social norms, parents, gender, ethnicity, age, menarche, attitudes, media exposure, premarital pregnancy, family members, religion, adulthood phenomena, employment, peer influence, poverty, parental role, stigma, region and place of residence. This can be used as a reference for midwives in providing services by searching the literature through PubMed, NCBI, and Semantic Scholar. Of the several factors that influence early marriage, studies conducted in Bangladesh, Ghana, Iraq, Indonesia and other countries show that early marriage is still a major problem for the welfare of women from these four countries. Measures that can help address the problem of early marriage include improving access and quality of education, changing social norms that support early marriage, and empowering women to make decisions.

Analysis Of Factors Affecting Women Marriing Early In Jembrana District

Fertility is influenced by the low age at first marriage, high population growth is a burden on national development, so efforts are needed to reduce the rate of population growth. Population growth in Jembrana Regency cannot be separated from fertility, because the low age at first marriage has an impact on early marriage which is triggered by factors such as the respondent's education, parents' education and income, premarital pregnancy and area of residence. This study aims to analyze the simultaneous and partial influence of respondents' education level, parents' education and income, premarital pregnancy, and area of residence on early marriage among women in Jembrana Regency. The number of samples in this study was 100 PUS women who were married and lived in Jembrana Regency. The sample determination method used was nonprobability sampling , namely Quota Sampling and Accidental Sampling . The data analysis technique used is logistic regression analysis. The results of this study show that, simultaneously, the respondent's education level, parents' education and income, premarital pregnancy, and area of residence have a significant effect on early marriage among women in Jembrana Regency. The respondent's education level, parents' education, namely the father, and parents' income partially have a negative and significant effect on early marriage among women in Jembrana Regency, while the respondent's mother's education does not have a negative and insignificant effect on early marriage among women in Jembrana Regency. Premarital pregnancy causes more early marriages compared to not premarital pregnancy and the difference is significant . Area of residence means that respondents who live in villages experience early marriage at a higher rate than those who live in cities and the difference is significant.

Provision of sexual health education in secondary schools: A multidisciplinary lens of stakeholders in southern highlands, Tanzania

IntroductionSchool-based sexual health education reduces risky sexual outcomes for in-school adolescents such as unintended premarital pregnancies, unsafe abortions, increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV and AIDS, early parenthood, a massive dropout from schools and untimely deaths. Despite the teaching of sexual health education in secondary schools, adolescents in Iringa Region are being exposed to increasing risks of sexual behaviours such as premarital sex, multiple sexual partners, and unprotected sex. This study examines stakeholders’ attitudes and beliefs toward providing sexual health education in secondary schools in Iringa Region, Tanzania. MethodsA qualitative approach under cross-sectional design was used. A purposive sampling technique was applied in selecting the Districts and participants for the study while simple random was used in the selection of schools. The participants were purposively selected depending on their position and knowledge of the subject matter. This study had 50 participants in total, 36 of them were teachers (6 from each school) who participated in focus group discussions (FGDs). After that, in-depth interviews with 14 participants were also conducted including 6 headmasters/mistresses, 6 healthcare professionals and 2 District secondary education officers. All FGDs and in-depth interviews used standardized questions to elicit information. The collected data were audio-recorded through tape recorders, transcribed, and translated into English. An initial coding matrix was developed and refined throughout the coding process. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using the content analysis approach. ResultsFindings from this study revealed all stakeholders having positive attitudes toward the provision of sexual health education in secondary schools. Results also revealed participants in favour of adolescents being taught several topics except for homosexuality. Findings on the appropriate age to start learning sexual health education revealed participants having trouble in fixing the right age, however, they said, at least 5 through 10 years before a child initiates sexual activity. ConclusionThe study concludes that stakeholders in the study areas have a positive attitude towards the provision of sexual health education in secondary schools and want students to be taught a wide range of topics before they initiate sexual activity. It is recommended that age-appropriate comprehensive sexuality education be given to teenagers to provide them with the knowledge they need to make informed decisions about their sexuality. This requires concerted efforts from the school, government and community involvement in the provision of sexual health education to in-school adolescents.

The Practice of Early Marriage of Girls and Its Effects: A Study Conducted in the Nayagarh District of Odisha

Early marriage has many problems for girls in the world in general and in developing countries in particular. It results in the health, and socio-economic aspects of girls; mistreatment, marginalization and denying basic human rights of girls. Early marriage also limits many girls’ mobility, self-esteem, ability to seek profitable employment, and household decision-making power, and increases their vulnerability to violence. Each of these factors has a potent effect on a girls’ ability to access healthcare, compromising not only her health but that of her children, and not being competent in economic and social affairs. This paper aims to examine and investigate the prevalence of early marriage in the study area (Nayagarh District, Odisha); identify the causal factors of early marriage in the study area, and examine its associated problems that its impact on the health and socio-economic condition of girls. In Nayagarh district, children marry early due to different reasons. Among the identified factors some are as a matter of their tribal tradition, fear of premarital sex and pregnancy, parents’ interest in following the consent of relatives, afraid of losing a financially sound bridegroom etc. The low economic status of parents and lack of knowledge are the main causal factors of early marriage in the area. The main consequences of early marriage identified in the study area are girls’ college dropout, marriage instability, early pregnancy, maternal mortality, and increased number of children.

Relationship between Reproductive Health Knowledge and Early Marriage Pregnancy in Adolescent Girls: A Study in Kepung, Kediri District

Adolescent girls who marry at a young age are vulnerable to reproductive health risks, especially premarital pregnancy, which can have serious impacts on their future. The high prevalence of premarital pregnancy among young married teenagers is a serious concern in the context of public health, especially in rural areas such as Kepung District, Kediri Re-gency. This study aims to determine the relationship between reproductive health knowledge among young married women and the incidence of premarital pregnancy in the area. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with an analytical design and cross-sectional approach. The research population was 58 young married women in Ke-pung District, Kediri Regency, while the sample consisted of 49 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire, and data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. Research findings show that there is a significant relationship between the level of reproductive health knowledge among young married women and the incidence of premarital pregnancy in Kepung District, Kediri Regency.

Relationship Between Physical Activity and Junk Food Consumption on the Incidence of Early Menarche

Puberty is a period of change between childhood and adolescence towards adulthood. Early puberty or also called precocious puberty is when girls have signs of puberty before the age of 11 years. The incidence of early menarche in adolescents is increasing in Indonesia. Early menarche increases the risk of cancer such as breast cancer, abdominal obesity, fat accumulation in adipose tissue, cardovascular disease, hypertension and premarital pregnancy. In adolescence, lifestyles and habits change, and one of them is trying new foods. This study identifies whether there is an association between fast food factors and adolescent activity with the occurrence of early menarche. The results of the study on 40 elementary school students in Cikarang female students who did not have early menarche were 20 (50.0%) and female students who had early menarche were 20 (50.0%). In an unhealthy lifestyle and early menarche as many as 14 or 70.0% of students. As for the physical activity of sports schoolgirls with the category of light exercise and early menarche as many as 7 or 35.0%. in students often consume Fast Food and early menarche as many as 15 or 75.0%.

The Controversy on the Minimum Age for Marriage in Indonesia: Factors and Implications

In 2019, Indonesia redefined the minimum age limit for marriage with the aim of achieving gender equality and reducing child marriage rates. Unfortunately, this legal reform did not entirely succeed and, instead, created a paradox within Indonesian society. This study aims to investigate the controversy surrounding the minimum age for marriage as stipulated in Indonesian Marriage Laws. The paper employs a socio-legal approach, collecting data through legal material investigation and interviews. The research indicates that the reformation attempt brings about at least three undesired implications: an increase in the number of marriage dispensations, child marriages, and pre-marital pregnancies. These paradoxes appear to be influenced by several factors: (1) the public's minimal awareness of the current marriage law, (2) the lack of socialization from government bodies, and (3) regulatory inconsistency itself. Theoretically, instead of resolving issues within society, it turns out that the legal changes initiated by the state do not significantly trigger changes within society.

Implementasi Program Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja melalui Posyandu Remaja: Studi Kualitatif

Utilization of youth information services is still low in several areas, including North Maluku. The low level of utilization of reproductive health services among adolescents is influenced by many factors. This research aims to analyze the implementation of adolescent reproductive health programs. Through the youth Posyandu in Juanga Village, the working area of the Daruba Community Health Center, South Morotai District. This research used qualitative methods, selecting subjects using purposive sampling and data collection techniques through observing the implementation of youth Posyandu, interviews, and focus group discussions on cadres. The research subjects were 14 informants, consisting of five cadres, five teenagers, two families, one health center officer, and one community figure. The findings show that there is no special training for adolescent Posyandu cadres, there is no incentive funding for cadres, the infrastructure and guidelines are incomplete, and there is still a lack of knowledge among adolescents regarding adolescent reproduction. It can be concluded that the current implementation of youth Posyandu has obstacles and problems which have an impact on implementation limitations, including the implementation process which still experiences obstacles in attracting youth participation and communication with related parties, as well as obstacles to funding incentives for youth cadres. It is recommended that there be a model of community empowerment, especially teenagers, in utilizing youth Posyandu, in an effort to reduce the high rate of premarital teenage pregnancies.

Compilation of Islamic Laws Regarding Marrying Pregnant Women: The Case of Biau Regency, Central Sulawesi

Previously, in Indonesia, there was no written law regarding the settlement of premarital pregnancy married. Society usually uses a solution by carrying out a marriage between the pregnant woman and the man who impregnated her without waiting for the birth of the child she is carrying. This method aims to cover up the disgrace so that it is not known to the wider public. As long as the perpetrators of adultery and their families are able to keep this secret, then the adulterers and their children will be safe from society's response. This used qualitative method to study compilation of Islamic laws regarding marrying pregnant women in Biau district, Buol regency. The results of this study show that premarital pregnancy married can be recorded and made a marriage certificate during the marriage procession at the religious courts, even though the marriage ceremony was not carried out at that time or was carried out at that time. When a prospective bride is pregnant and then immediately married, the shame of both the prospective bride and her family should be covered. This is also based on the hadith narrated by Muslims, which reads: "Whoever covers the disgrace of another Muslim, then Allah will cover his disgrace in this world and in the afterlife."

Atypical Postmortem "Incaprettamento" After an Honor Homicide.

Honor killing is a murder carried out to protect the family's reputation by actions that are perceived as shameful. Usually, honor killing occurs to preserve family's honor, which has been violated by adulteries, premarital pregnancies, or inappropriate relationships. In Southern Italy, the culture of honor is quite strong especially among the local criminal organizations. Honor crimes by Italian Mafia are intended to have an admonitory significance, and they can be carried out following a macabre ritual of "incaprettamento." The aim is to humiliate the victim treating him like an animal, a bonded young goat where the victim is secured by a rope passing behind the back from the upper to lower extremities. In this case study, the honor homicide was perpetrated against the lover of a butcher's wife by sharp weapon, followed by a postmortem atypical incaprettamento of the corpse. The wrists and ankles were tied together by ropes, and the extremities were fixed to the abdomen with a string. The body was also wrapped in a plastic tape after penile amputation. According to killer's confession, the mutilation and the incaprettamento were expressions of revenge and contempt for the victim to restore the honor lost.

Contemporary pathways to adolescent pregnancy in Indonesia: A qualitative investigation with adolescent girls in West Java and Central Sulawesi.

In the last decade, reduction in adolescent fertility rates in Indonesia has slowed despite national programmes and policies focused on addressing child marriage. Indonesia currently has the highest number of births to adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in Southeast Asia. There is a need to develop a more nuanced understanding of the drivers of adolescent pregnancy in Indonesia to inform programmes and policies tailored to young people's needs and priorities. This study explored adolescent girls' pathways to pregnancy across two provinces (Central Sulawesi and West Java) in Indonesia. We conducted participatory timeline interviews with 79 girls aged 15-21 years from urban, peri-urban, and rural communities and inquired about their relationships and life experiences leading up to pregnancy. We conducted follow-up interviews with 19 selected participants to validate and clarify preliminary findings. We identified six pathways to adolescent pregnancy which were broadly differentiated by the timing of pregnancy relative to marriage. Three pregnancy pathways within marriage were further differentiated by the main motivation for marriage-financial reasons, protecting the girl and family's reputation, or to progress a romantic relationship. Three pregnancy pathways outside marriage were distinguished by the nature of the sexual relationship preceding pregnancy-consensual sex, unwanted or pressured sex, and forced sex. Drivers of adolescent pregnancy include the acceptability of child marriage and stigma surrounding premarital pregnancy, family and social expectations of pregnancy following marriage, harmful gender-based norms and violence, and lack of sexual and reproductive health information and access to services. Adolescents follow varied pathways to pregnancy in Indonesia. The idealisation and acceptance of child marriage is both a catalyst and outcome of adolescent pregnancy, which is occurring amid stigma surrounding premarital sex and pregnancy, harmful gender-based norms and violence, and barriers to contraceptive access and use. Our findings emphasise that there are many drivers of adolescent pregnancy and different pathways will require intervention approaches that address child marriage alongside other key contributors.

Developing A Guide For the Recovery of Teenagers with Premarital Pregnancy (Al-Munjiyyat) For the Asnaf Riqab Recovery Center

Developing A Guide For the Recovery of Teenagers with Premarital Pregnancy (Al-Munjiyyat) For the Asnaf Riqab Recovery Center

Understanding how social norms influence access to and utilization of adolescent sexual and reproductive health services in Northern Nigeria.

This study explored the influence of social norms on the access and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services by adolescents. Apart from individual and environmental barriers, social norms influence contraceptive decisions and ultimately sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Social norms that shape group behavior describe acceptable standards of behavior and evoke sanctions when such behavior standards are not adhered to. Sexually active adolescents in Nigeria have a relatively low level of modern contraceptive use being influenced by social norms. Scaling up adolescent reproductive health interventions that integrate normative change for a wider impact of programs remains challenging. Using data from 18 communities, 188 married and unmarried adolescents (F52% and M48%) and 69 (F37%; M63%) reference group participants were purposively sampled and participated in a social norms exploration intervention study conducted through focus group discussion and in-depth interviews between October and November 2019. The Advancing Learning and Innovation on Gender Norms (ALIGN) Social Norms Exploration Tool (SNET) was adapted for the data collection into discussion guides and vignettes. Pilot testing of the tools informed review and validation prior to actual data collection. Low contraceptive uptake by adolescents was characterized by early and forced marriage in childhood; a prominent practice enshrined in social norms around girl-childchastity, family honor, and disapproval of pre-marital sex and pregnancy out of wedlock. The understanding of harmful social norms, normative change actors, and potential norm-shifting factors for contraceptive decisions by adolescents is essential for effective adolescent sexual and reproductive health interventions for wider impact and adaptive programming in behavior change interventions for improving the access to and utilization of modern contraceptives by adolescents for improved sexual health outcomes, the attainment of the Family Planning (FP) 2030 commitment and universal health coverage policy.

Implementation of the Age Limitation for Marriage from the Perspective of Indonesian Family and Marriage Law

The fundamental purpose of marriage is to unite couples as a family within a household. However, societal perceptions of marriage have evolved, particularly among the younger generation, resulting in instances of premarital pregnancies and engaging in dating and sexual activities that may contradict their religious beliefs. This increase in promiscuity has led to a surge in requests for marriage dispensation in courts to bypass the marriage age limit set by Indonesian Law Number 16 of 2019 on Marriage. To address this issue, this research employs a qualitative method to analyze data. The study findings reveal the need to amend Article 7, paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974 to Article 7, paragraph (1) of Law Number 16 of 2019 on Marriage. This amendment proposes raising the marriage age limit to 19 years old for both men and women, with the aim of ensuring the overall well-being and promoting the possibility of leading a respectable life. However, the implementation of the marriage age limit has not been fully effective due to the existence of Supreme Court Regulation No. 5 of 2019, which outlines guidelines for Marriage Dispensation Application Trials. This regulation weakens the age limitation legally, as judges refer to it when considering granting requests for marriage dispensation. In light of these circumstances, it is crucial for law enforcers and all stakeholders to prioritize the prevention of child marriage during the review process for marriage dispensation. This approach seeks to address the root causes of increasing promiscuity and premarital pregnancies, fostering an environment that encourages responsible and mature decision-making regarding marriage. Therefore, this study also emphasized that to ensure the general welfare of individuals and combat the rise in promiscuity and child marriage, amending marriage laws should be complemented with a focused effort on preventing child marriage during the dispensation process.

Gambaran Pola Asuh Orang Tua Yang Mengalami Kehamilan Pranikah Pada Usia Remaja Akhir

This study aims to describe the parenting style of parents who experience premarital pregnancies. This study involved four individuals who had experienced premarital pregnancies in their late adolescents. The first subject was 24 years old, the second subject was 26 years old, the third subject was 22 years old, and the fourth subject was 20 years old. The research method used is qualitative with an intrinsic case study approach. The data mining technique uses general guideline interviews and the analysis used is thematic analysis with theory driven so that the researchers can use existing theories in data coding. The results of this study indicate that of the four subjects, they do not tend to have one parenting style. However, the parenting style is adopted to the situation and conditions that the subject is facing. In addition, late adolescents who experience premarital pregnancies tend to be less prepared financially and psychologically.

PRAKTIK POLIGAMI TANPA IZIN DI BACAN TIMUR HALMAHERA SELATAN


 
 
 The practice of polygamy without a permit in the East Bacan District, South Halmahera Regency. This study aims to find the main issues that underlie the occurrence of the practice of polygamy without a permit in the East Bacan District, South Halmahera Regency. This study is field research. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research, namely a type of research that provides a systematic and factual description of situations and events regarding factors, characteristics and relationships between phenomena, with theoretical, normative and empirical juridical approaches. This study concluded that the implementation of polygamy without a permit in East Bacan District was carried out through cases of premarital pregnancy and coupled with low public awareness regarding the importance of marriage procedures. The limited budget and human resources owned by the East Bacan District KUA in conducting outreach to the people of East Bacan District have triggered the lack of attention from the Office of the Religious Affairs Office of Bacan District to minimize the incidence of polygamy without a permit in East Bacan District. The implementation of polygamy without a permit in East Bacan District had legal impacts, including the weak legal status of marriage, the absence of birth certificates for children born in polygamous marriages without permission.
 
 

The increasing rate of marriages and premarital pregnancies in adolescents during the transitional period of changes to the marriage law

The increasing number of adolescent marriages can have various impacts on society. The government’s effort to reduce the number of adolescent marriages is to revise Marriage Law no. 16 of 2019, which changes the minimum age for marriage to 19 years old. This study focuses on analyzing the differences in trends of adolescent marriage and premarital pregnancy during the transitional period of changes to the marriage law. This research was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency, Ministry of Religion, and Religious Courts of Malang Regency. The data related to adolescent marriage were the data obtained in 2016-2020. The adolescent marriage rate map was made using the QGIS application. The marriage rate of adolescents aged <19 years old increased. In 2016 the prevalence was 1.38% of the total number of marriages, and it increased to 5.85% in 2020. The marriage dispensation rate also increased from 1.77% (2016) to 8.74% (2020). The major reason for applying for marriage dispensation is because the adolescents are still aged < 19 years old and have premarital pregnancies. The highest marriage rate of males was in 5 sub-districts, while the highest marriage rate for women was in 31 sub-districts. Changes in the minimum age limit for marriage do not automatically reduce the rate of adolescent marriage. Thus, it is important to have a synergistic role in society to increase awareness for a healthy marriage, relationship, and morale.