Preliminary Assessment Of Water Quality Research Articles

A preliminary assessment of water quality in silvopastoral systems of Panama’s dry tropical forest

A preliminary assessment of water quality in silvopastoral systems of Panama’s dry tropical forest

A biological diatom indices based preliminary assessment of water quality of Thamirabarani river, Southern India

ABSTRACT Diatoms have long been used as bio-indicators for the assessment of surface water quality. This study investigates the biological diatom index (BDI) and water quality index (WQI) for evaluating the water quality impact in the Thamirabarani River, Southern India. Diatom and water samples were taken for the present investigation from ten different locations along the river. The samples were enumerated and the morphometrics valve was documented by light microscopy. In the study area, a total of 70 diatom taxa belonging to 28 genera were recorded. The diatom indices implemented in OMNIDIA software version 6.1 was used to infer the river water quality status. The results showed that based on the BDI and WQI analysis values varied from 6.7 to 17.4 and 48 to 71 were observed. According to the BDI and WQI analysis result during the study period in the river revealed the water quality varied between good (Oligo-mesotrophic) to bad (Eutrophic) ecological conditions. The biological diatom index and water quality index results indicate the respective locations (Site 2, Site 3, Site 7, Site 8, Site 9 and Site 10) represent bad water quality. The result indicated moderate water quality at Sites 4 and Site 6. The diatom indices and water quality index results show the locations Site 1, and Site 5 indicate good water quality. The biological diatom index results from diatom assemblages show more information about the water quality and environmental impact on the river. For the national assessment of water quality better to use diatoms along with physico-chemical parameters variables. Based on the analysis result reveal that the major component of water quality degradation was due to anthropogenic activities, domestic waste and industrial effluents in the study area.

Synergic use of neural networks model and remote sensing algorithms to estimate water clarity indicators in Khanpur reservoir, Pakistan

Freshwater reservoirs are limited and facing issues of over-exploitation, climate change effects and poor maintenance which have serious consequences for water quality. Developing countries face the challenge of collecting in situ information on ecological status and water quality of these reservoirs due to constraints of cost, time and infrastructure. In this study, a practical method of retrieval of two water clarity indicators, total suspended matter and secchi disk depth, using Sentinel-2 satellite data is adopted for preliminary assessment of water quality and trophic conditions in Khanpur reservoir, Pakistan. The study explores the synergy of utilizing two independent models, i.e., case 2 regional coast color analytical neural network model and semiempirical remote sensing algorithms to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of water clarity patterns in the dammed reservoir, in the absence of ground measurements. The drinking water quality and trophic state of the reservoir water is determined based purely on satellite measurements. Out of the five months studied, the reservoir water has high turbidity and poor eutrophic status in three months. The results from both computational models are compared, which exhibit a high degree of statistical agreement. The study demonstrates the effective utilization of relevant analytical and semiempirical methods on satellite data to map water clarity indicators and understand their dynamics in both space and time. This solution is particularly useful for regions where routine ground sampling and observation of environmental variables are absent.

Preliminary Assessment of Water Quality in Some Hydrocarbon-imparted Ogoni Communities in River State, Nigeria

Aim: This study aimed to assess the quality of drinking water in some hydrocarbon-impacted Ogoni communities.
 Study Design: The study employ a cross-sectional and analytical design using stratified sampling method.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Laboratory Science of Rivers State University, Giolee Global Resource Limited and Environmental Consultancy Services between March 2020 and March 2021.
 Methodology: Water samples were collected from (20 hydrocarbon- impacted communities) in the 4 Local Government Area (LGAs) of Ogoni land. These water samples were analyzed to determine the physicochemical, bacteriological, heavy metal and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) parameters using standard methods and operational procedures. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. The general linearized model (GIG) was used to generate analysis of variance (ANOVA) mean and standard error and arrange, statistically significant was set as p-value of .05 (95% confidence limit). Pearson correlation test was used to calculate the correlation between TPH, Heavy metal, and physicochemical parameters in hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon impacted communities. All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism (Version 8).
 Results: The results obtained for physicochemical parameters were pH 4.3±0.8 mg/l, EC 0.03±0.05 mg/l, DO 5.5±1.6 mg/l, Temp 25.0±0.0 mg/l, Mv 0.32±0.27 mg/l, Nitrite 0.0058±013 mg/l, Nitrate 0.1530±158 mg/l. These results were all below the recommended standard for Nigeria standard of drinking water quality (NSDWQ) and World Health Organization (WHO). The bacteriological analyses were carried out using multiple tubes technique (Most Probable Number), total coliform count, (TC), total heterotrophic count (THBC) and total fungal count (TFC). The results obtained were 0.941±2.397 cfu/ml, 89.3±176.6 cfu/ml, 297.8±144.4 cfu/ml, and 0.32±0.84 cfu/ml respectively. The p-values for TFC (<0.0002) were statistically significant. Heavy metal profiling was: Cr 0.194±0.320 mg/l, Cd 0.469±0.569 mg/l, Cu 0.211±0.348 mg/l, Pb 0.0336±0.20 mg/l, Fe 0.705±1.244 mg/l, Zn 0.258±0.249 mg/l, respectively. Generally, the concentration of heavy metal increased more than the standard recommended by NSDWQ and WHO except for Zn 0.255±0.249 mg/l, and Cu 0.56±0.50 mg/l, that is slightly lower than the acceptable limit recommended by WHO and NSWWQ. The sequences of heavy metal concentration were in Cd > Cr> Pb>Fe> Cu.>Zn. The statistical significance values for Pb p=.003 and for Zn p=.009 were statistically significant. The concentration of TPH were (349.9 ppm/ml) higher than the recommended values for NSDWQ and WHO.
 Conclusion: The findings in this research reviewed a worrisome level of TPH and Pb, and which could have devastating impact on bacterial biodiversity.

Physico-Chemical Environment of Coastal Areas in the Vicinity of Lbod And Tidal Link Drain in Sindh, Pakistan after Cyclone 2a

This paper presents the results of preliminary assessment of water quality along the coastal areas in the vicinity of Left Bank Outfall Drainage (LBOD) and Tidal Link Drain (TLD) in Sindh province after the cyclone 2A occurred in 1999. The water samples were collected from various RDs of Tidal Link Drain and lakes during September 2001 to April 2002 and were analysed for salinity, nitrite, phosphate, ammonia, silicate and suspended material in water. The results of the study showed considerable variations in water quality depending upon the location along the coast in the vicinity of LBOD and RDs. The salinity ranged between 4.39-65.25 ppt in Tidal Link Drain samples whereas 2.4-38.05 ppt in samples collected from lakes. The values of suspended material at various RDs of Tidal Link Drain ranged between 56.6-2134 ppm and at the lakes between 68-297 ppm. The data of continuous monitoring at RD-93 showed the range of PO4 (8.6-25.2 µg/l), SiO3 (554.96-1462 µg/l), NO2 (0.557.2-25.2 µg/l) and NH3 (9.38-23.62 µg/l). The concentration of nutrients in water samples collected from different RDs was found in the range of PO4 (10.85 to 11.47 µg/l), SiO3 (1624 to 2635.08 µg/l), NO2 (20.38 to 44.8 µg/l) and NH3 (24.08 to 26.6 µg/l). Sindh coastal areas which situated at the north-western boundary the Arabian Sea are highly vulnerable to flood damages due to flash floods during SW monsoon or impact of sea level rise and storm surges coupled with cyclones passing through Arabian Sea along Pakistan coast. It is hoped that the obtained data in this study would act as a database for future investigations and monitoring of LBOD and Tidal Link Drain coastal waters. Keywords—Tidal Link Drain, Salinity, Nutrients, Nitrite salts, Coastal areas.

Preliminary water quality assessment of Spunky Bottoms restored wetland

The approximately 1200-acre “Spunky Bottoms” wetland in Southern Illinois has been undergoing restoration to conditions prior to levying of the Illinois River and draining of adjacent floodplain for intensive agriculture (circa 1900). As part of a long-term water quality impact assessment of this restoration project, baseline water quality monitoring was conducted soon after restoration began. During this baseline/preliminary assessment, water samples were taken every 2–4 weeks from 10 sampling wells and seven surface water sites throughout the wetlands area for a period of 18 months. Measured parameters include nutrients (nitrate (NO3 −) and phosphate (PO4 3−), cations and anions (SO4 2 −, Cl−, Na+, K+, Mg2 +, Ca2 +) commonly found in surface and well water, trace metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and trace organics (triazine herbicides and their metabolites). In general, highest concentrations of ions were found in the southwest and northeast perimeter of the wetland area for both surface and ground water samples. Primarily low concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds were found throughout the wetland sampling area. Distribution of NO3 −-N suggests that this restored wetland, even at its infant age, may still contribute to biogeochemical (particularly N) element cycling. Continued monitoring and further research is necessary to determine long-term specific contribution of restored wetland to biogeochemical cycles.

Preliminary Assessment of Water Quality along the Red Sea Coast near Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

This paper presents the results of preliminary assessment of water quality along Red Sea coast adjoining Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Jeddah is a major city with a population of over 2.6 million and an area 1,200 km2.. To study the impacts, samples of the Red Sea were collected from 24 important locations near Jeddah and analyzed in the laboratory for various water quality parameters. These parameters included: biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrates, sulfates, total alkalinity, chlorides, and pH. The results of the study show considerable variations in water quality depending upon the location along the Red Sea coast. The BOD values in the sea water are negligible except in the Balad downtown lake near treatment plant where the values are quite high ranging from 51 to 812 mg/l. Here, the total phosphorus is also high with value of 3.81 mg/l. Dissolved oxygen values along the coast vary from 2.5 to 6.4 mg/l. The variations in nitrate concentration in the Red Sea water along the coast are observed to range from 6.90 to 26.61 mg/l. This study provides a preliminary assessment of the coastal pollution and will act as a data base for future investigations and monitoring of the Red Sea coastal waters.