Preliminary Analytical Study Research Articles

PRELIMINARY PHARMACEUTICO – ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CHINCHA PATRA MALAHARA

In classical literatures, many formulations containing herbal drugs are mentioned for the management of Dadru Kushta.Chincha Patra Swarasais one among them. Chincha is a widely grown tree botanically identified asTamarindus indica L. There is limited knowledge regarding its medicinal utility but is easily available and cost-effective. Inconvenience in the usage of ChinchaSwarasa and only seasonal availability with this draw back Chincha patra swarasa was modified into Chincha Patra Malahara form. A very wide range of topical formulations are described in texts of Ayurveda. Malahara Kalpana is one of them. Malahara Kalpana is a very convenient form of topical application.Malahara was prepared by using Chincha Patra, tila taila & bee wax. The attempt is made in this article to assess its Pharmaceutical and analytical aspects while processing the drug Chincha patra Malahara. A preliminary analytical study was carried out to set the basic quality of formulation. The Quantity of Malahara obtained was 650gm witha characteristic odor, green in color, and smooth consistency. The results show a Ph value of 10.6, Loss on drying- 23.85, Rancidity-7.160, Total fat- 87.3 and Spreadability was1.2cm. Further details are explained in the full paper.

Method for Converting the Energy Characteristics of Alternative Fuels

The article analyzes the reasons hindering the mass use of alternative fuels in the field of energy consumption of domestic transport, which for the most part have lower energy and kinetic indicators of combustion in comparison with traditional fuels. A new approach to solving the problem of improving the environmental and energy-saving indicators of combustion of alternative fuels based on their preliminary thermochemical processing - conversion on board a vehicle is presented. The results of a preliminary analytical study of the parameters of the on-board conversion process for a number of potentially acceptable types of alternative fuels are presented in order to assess the efficiency of this process. The possibility of practical implementation of the proposed process for improving the combustion indicators of alternative fuel with an assessment of its efficiency was tested based on the results of experimental approbation in the conditions of full-scale engine tests. According on the results of the study, the expediency of using this process in transport technologies is justified due to the technical simplicity of its implementation and efficiency. Thermocatalytic reactor is the simplest design of a heat exchanger, the mass and dimensional characteristics of which (in the volume of a conventional muffler) ensure the convenience of its installation in the engine exhaust system. The component composition of these products contains reactive compounds that contribute to the improvement of environmental and energy-saving indicators of the fuel combustion process, and an increase in the efficiency of the engine's operating cycle.

Analytical study on influence of subsurface voids on moment capacity of singly reinforced concrete beam – Inspired by a project case study

Ultrasonic echo tomography is a non-destructive testing technique that has been used to detect subsurface construction defects located within reinforced concrete members. In order to reasonably define the scope of the repair work for the detected subsurface construction defects, it is important to understand the relationship between the extent of the construction defects and the performance of structural members. This preliminary analytical study was conducted to evaluate the moment capacity of singly reinforced concrete beam sections containing subsurface voids. It was determined in this study that if the location of void remained the same, an increase in the depth of void resulted in a reduction in the moment capacity. As the void extended outside the compression zone and the depth of void continued to increase, the moment capacity did not decrease further. If the depth of void remained the same, a void located closer to the top of beam resulted in more reduction in the moment capacity than the same void located closer to the neutral axis. A parameter named the percentage of remaining moment capacity was proposed to be used to identify the unacceptable void configurations from the standpoint of moment capacity.

Experimental study on dynamic stability of vertical cantilevered pipe aspirating fluid immersed in various water depths

This paper conducts an experimental study to investigate the effects of immersion water depth on the dynamic stability performance of vertical cantilevered pipe aspirating fluid. Two cantilevered pipes about 4 m long with different diameters are partially immersed in water at eight different depths. The pipe experiences clear dynamic instability when the internal flow exceeds critical velocity. The dynamic instability is in the manner of mixed regular large amplitude flutter and small amplitude shudder. Experimental data show that the deeper the pipe immersion depth, the bigger the difference between the critical and natural frequency of the pipe. It is found that increasing immersion depth can reduce the flutter amplitude in the post-critical range but has little effect in the pre-critical region. The critical velocity of the pipe increases significantly as the immersion depth increases. The trace of the pipe gradually shifts from expanding motion to periodical motion as immersion depth increases. A preliminary analytical study shows these phenomena can be accounted for by the fact that the external fluid supply damping to the fluid-pipe system and larger immersion water depth decreases pipe tension.

Preliminary analytical study of Bhallatakadi kshara (herbomineral preparation)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bhallatakadi kshara is described in Charaka samhita Grahani chikista adhyaya. Bhallatakadi kshara consists of ten ingredients and is indicated in Hridaroga, (~disease of heart), Pandu (~pallor/anemia), Grahanidosha (~diseases due to malfunctioning of gastrointestinal tract dealing with digestion), Gulma (~a type of lump), Udavarta (~upward movement of Vayu with retention of stool and urine), and Shula (colicky pain in the abdomen). Objective: The objective of the study is to develop analytical standards for Bhallatakadi kshara by preparing and testing three different batches using the same method of preparation. Materials and Methods: Bhallatakadi kshara is prepared by putapaka (~heating of herbomineral preparation covered in various substances at a desired temperature) method. It is subjected to physicochemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), and Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF). Results: In the WD-XRF study, major contents are Cl (76.929%) and Na (16.952%), and minor are (K 2.0%), S (1.693%), Ca (0.581%), Si (0.543%), P (0.288%), Mg (0.353%), and Fe (0.213%). Conclusion: By using the same method of preparation, the three different batches of Bhallatakadi kshara were showing particle size and other parameters very close to each other. The average particle size of Bhallatakadi kshara is found to be 33.67 mm (volumetric median diameter) and 9.01 mm (Sauter mean diameter) and contains activated carbon and other elements such as Cl, Na, K, and Mg.

<strong>Differences in motoric function of masticatory and facial muscles post segmental mandibulectomy and hemimandibulectomy</strong>

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The highest predilection for jaw tumors is located in the mandible. One of the management of tumors in the mandible is resection. The resection will result in a discontinuity in the jaw and disruption of the stomatognathic system, one of which is a decrease in the motoric function of the masticatory muscles. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) is a type of examination that includes an electroneurography (ENG) examination, which includes a Neural Conduction Study (NCS) based on stimulation value (STIM) and velocity (VEL), and electromyography (EMG) which can be used to assess motoric function impairment of masticatory and facial muscles in patients undergoing mandibular resection. This study analyzed the differences in the motoric function of masticatory and facial muscles post-segmental mandibulectomy and hemimandibulectomy. Methods: This preliminary analytical cross-sectional study compares ten post-segmental mandibulectomy or hemimandibulectomy patients who had undergone mandibular reconstruction in the Oral Surgery Department of Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Assessment was performed using an AO plate (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesisfragen) towards the patients. The results were compared using Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney statistical analysis. Results: A decrease in masticatory muscle function was detected using ENMG. NCS and EMG assessments were obtained. There was no significant difference in NCS values (p>0.05) in patients with segmental mandibulectomy (mean STIM 4.2 ± 1.7, VEL 13.23 ± 5.38) and hemimandibulectomy (mean STIM 4.3 ± 1.35, VEL 12.56 ± 4.83), however, a significant difference was found in the EMG values (p=0.025; p<0.05) of the patients with segmental mandibulectomy (mean 70% of patients were normal) and hemimandibulectomy (mean 20% of patients were normal). Conclusion: There are differences in the decreased motoric function of masticatory and facial muscles post-segmental mandibulectomy and hemimandibulectomy.Keywords: motoric function; masticatory muscles; facial muscles; mandibular resection

Impact of Wi-Fi network coverage planning on the logistics objects’ location accuracy

The use of Wi-Fi networks to construct a system for determining the object’s location inside warehouses is the simplest and most cost-effective way of solving the logistical problems. The positioning in such a system is based on measuring the received signal strength level with the application of the lateration (trilateration) method to calculate the target’s coordinates. This method requires taking into account the electromagnetic environment in the room and the fulfillment of certain requirements for the construction of a network serving as a positioning tool. Incorrect access points placement in the premises leads to a significant positioning error, unacceptable in most cases of the system’s application. The article isdevoted to the improvement of the positioning accuracy by the network structure correction in accordance with the coverage and frequency planning. To implement the lateration algorithm for the determination of the distances between a mobile object and an access point, three radio wave propagation models were used, selected from a variety of similar models after the preliminary analytical and experimental studies. The power loss coefficients used in the models for the signal’s passing through partitions and floors were adapted to the configuration and features of the rooms in which the experiments were conducted.

Preliminary analytical study of Ashvagandhadyarishta prepared from madhu and guda as sweetening agents

Introduction: Asava and arishta are medicinal preparations mentioned in Ayurvedic texts during which it undergoes a process of fermentation generating alcohol thus facilitating the extraction of the active principles contained in the drugs. Ashvagandhadyarishta is a type of arishta preparation where madhu (honey) is mentioned as madhura dravya (sweetening agent) in the formulation. So in this study an attempt is made to prepare Ashvagandhadyarishta in two batches by adding madhu as madhura dravya in one batch and guda (jaggery) as madhura dravya in another batch and to compare their organoleptic and analytical parameters. Materials and Methods: Study includes two batches of Ashvagandhadyarishta preparation followed the method as per Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Observations and Results: Analytical study of both the batches was done and their parameters were compared and analyzed including organoleptic features. Discussion: Both batches differ in the properties of final product as the sweetening agents used are different. Ashvagandhadyarishta containing guda as madhura dravya has greater values of analytical parameters comparatively, infers the influence of components present in guda. Conclusion: Change in the analytical and organoleptic characters were observed owing to the changes in the sweetening agents. Further research works has to be carried out to understand the clinical efficacy.

Características y factores asociados a trastornos de la esfera mental en estudiantes de medicina de la costa, sierra y selva peruana

Introduction: The disorders of the mental sphere are increasingly frequent, these should be measured in students who are under great pressure and according to the place of influence. Objectives: To determine the characteristics and factors associated with disorders of the mental sphere in medical students of the coast, mountains and Peruvian jungle. Methodology: A preliminary analytical cross-sectional study was carried out, through the application of the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-II), to 105 students, said survey measured the different disorders of the mental sphere; to which they were associated with socio-educational variables. Results: Large percentages of respondents had compulsivity (29%) and high narcissism (28%). In the multivariate analysis it was found that women had a lower frequency of schizoid disorder (p = 0.027); as age increased there was also a higher frequency of avoidance disorders (p = 0.049) and anxiety (p = 0.043); the higher the academic year, the lower the frequency of dilution disorder (p = 0.010); the students of the Universidad de la Sierra had more narcissism (p = 0.011), compulsivity (p = 0.018) and paranoid (p = 0.041); the students of the jungle university had more aggressive-sadistic (p = 0.021), narcissism (p = 0.020) and compulsivity (p = 0.005); These last two were compared versus those studying on the coast.

New insights on the painting “Portrait of Mario Nuzzi”: a preliminary analytical study of Mario Nuzzi’s pictorial production and of his artistic collaborations

The study and characterization of an art work carried out by two or more artists is always an interesting challenge since each painter, although belonging to the same artistic current, can introduce specific pictorial materials or peculiar aesthetic effects, which constitute the artist fingerprint. This work presents a preliminary analytical study of the “Portrait of Mario Nuzzi”, painted by Giovanni Maria Morandi and Mario Nuzzi. In particular, non-invasive investigations were conducted using UV–VIS–NIR–SWIR multispectral imaging, radiography and X-ray spectroscopy (XRF). Multivariate analyses (PCA) were performed on VIS–NIR multispectral imaging in order to highlight some details not clearly visible using a traditional univariate analysis. Such an approach could be useful for authentication processes. In particular, in this paper we propose the use of the score density plot to determine the artist’s “chiaroscuro” fingerprint. Finally, the artist’s palette was compared with that of the “Primavera” painting, painted by Mario Nuzzi and Filippo Lauri, by using XRF analyses. We discovered that “Portrait of Mario Nuzzi” has not been significantly changed since the final version. Furthermore, the elemental composition of the pigments revealed that the palette used in the two paintings does not completely overlap. This aspect encourages us to perform a more detailed analysis of the pigments with the aim of better discriminating the parts painted by Mario Nuzzi from those of each collaborator.

Suspended Columns for Seismic Isolation in Structures (SCSI): A preliminary analytical study

In this paper, a new system of seismic isolation for buildings - called suspended columns - is introduced. In this method, the building columns are placed on the hinged cradle seats instead of direct connection to the foundation. In this system, each of the columns is put on a seat hung from its surrounding area by a number of cables, for which cavities are created inside the foundation around the columns. Inside these cavities, the tensile cables are hung. Because of the flexibility of the cables, the suspended seats vibrate during an earthquake and as a result, there is less acceleration in the structure than the foundation. A Matlab code was written to analyze and investigate the response of the system against the earthquake excitations. The findings showed that if this system is used in a building, it results in a significant reduction in the acceleration applied to the structure. A shear key system was used to control the structure for service and lateral weak loads. Moreover, the effect of vertical acceleration on the seismic behavior of the system was also investigated. Effect of the earthquake characteristic period on the system performance was studied and the optimum length of the suspension cables for a variety of the period ranges was suggested. In addition, measures have been taken for long-term functioning of the system and some practical feasibility features were also discussed. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the system were discussed and compared with the other common methods of seismic isolation.

A forgotten centre of ceramic production in Southern Levant: Preliminary analytical study of the Early Bronze Age pottery from Tell el-Far‘ah North (West Bank)

Abstract The paper presents an archaeometric investigation of ancient ceramics from the archaeological site of Tell el-Far‘ah North (West Bank), dated to the south-Levantine Early Bronze I-II (EB I-II, 3300–2700 BC). The application of mineralogical and chemical analyses by optical and scanning electron microscopy yielded the identification of petro-fabrics that allow the reconstruction of the raw material nature used in the manufacture as well as its provenance. The results indicate that the ceramics were produced using calcareous clays with inclusions of sedimentary rock fragments, calcite crystals, iron oxides and quartz. Two basic fabrics have been identified according to the presence or absence of coarse and angular calcite crystals. The optical activity of the matrix and the presence of calcareous inclusions indicate a maximum firing temperature lower than 850 °C and in the range 700–850 °C for those ceramics showing an initial decarbonation process of calcareous inclusions. The nature of the inclusions supports a local supply of raw materials. Moreover, the comparison between the ceramic material of the two subsequent occupational phases at the site allowed achieving important information about the development of the material and technological knowledge reached by its ancient potters, in the transition from the EB I community to the EB II urban centre.

Analytical substantiation of constructive parameters of rotating field board of plow’s body

The article shows importance of use of dump plowing for formation and maintenance of soil structure and pest control and diseases of cultivated plants. A significant drawback of plowing process is indicated, which is its high energy intensity. To reduce energy consumption, it is proposed to use rotating field boards, which allow replacing sliding friction forces with rolling friction forces. The article presents a description of design of plow’s body with rotating field board and notes that without a preliminary analytical study and justification of initial parameters, their use may not be effective. Analytical relations connecting value of radius of rotating field of board, rate of collapse of soil, allowable value of indentation of field board into soil and specific force of cutting resistance of soil that ability to use it for baseline technical parameters. To analyze obtained dependence, the article presents its graphical solution. The authors obtained an expression for determining the value of arm’s force of reference reaction from soil to balance a plow’s body, in addition, this indicator can be used to adjust a body when working on soils with different physical and mechanical parameters and at different depths.

Flow characteristics in the water-cooled channel of the MHD accelerator

Many problems related with the development of a hypersonic vehicle and development of new thermal protection materials are directly related to the possibility of conducting a wide range of laboratory researches under conditions that are close to the real flight conditions as possible. In this connection, the work on the formation of high-enthalpy and high-speed gas flows in ground-based installations is of special importance. It is shown in this paper that the flow characteristics required can be achieved using the experimental setup with a magnetohydrodynamic accelerator after its updating. The feature of this research facility is that more than half of the electric energy supplied from electric circuit is converted directly into the kinetic energy of the flow. Preliminary analytical and experimental studies of the MHD accelerator with a water-cooled channel allow one to conclude that a hypersonic flow with duration up to 10 s is formed at the SMGDU path. The total enthalpy in the core of the flow is close to 20 MJ/kg, while a required high level of total pressure is being maintained. The facility with such flow parameters becomes unique and allows one to significantly expand the range of ground-based testing, for example, testing of thermal protection systems, and testing of novel contactless flow control methods for hypersonic flight conditions.

ІМІТАЦІЙНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА НА ЗАСАДАХ ТРАНСКОРДОННОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА

The paper describes the simulation modelling process for entrepreneurship development through cross-border partnerships. A technological modelling framework based on the application of a simulation method to enhance business support through cross-border partnership is grounded. By analyzing the current state and selecting the border region development strategy, the key problems to be addressed in the long term have been identified. A range of actions formed at two levels to facilitate entrepreneurship development based on cross-border partnership have been simulated: in particular, the analysis and forecast of cross-border region resource potential and construction of managerial decisions options on boosting business development through cross-border partnerships. A simulation model which allows to build scenarios for the cross-border region development has been proposed, aimed at addressing the two major issues, namely: identifying the region development markers and facilitating on this basis qualitatively different variants of its dynamics and a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of each of the obtained variants, along with exploring their structure and possible consequences of their implementation. Specifically, further research in simulation modelling involves conducting a targeted computational experiments, the content of which is determined by a preliminary analytical study (usually with application of experiment planning methods and the results are mathematically valid.

Preliminary analytical study on the feasibility of using reinforced concrete pile foundations for renewable energy storage by compressed air energy storage technology

Compressed air energy storage technology is one of the promising methods that have high reliability, economic feasibility and low environmental impact. Current applications of the technology are mainly limited to energy storage for power plants using large scale underground caverns. This paper explores the possibility of making use of reinforced concrete pile foundations to store renewable energy generated from solar panels or windmills attached to building structures. The energy will be stored inside the pile foundation with hollow sections via compressed air. Given the relatively small volume of storage provided by the foundation, the required storage pressure is expected to be higher than that in the large-scale underground cavern. The high air pressure typically associated with large temperature increase, combined with structural loads, will make the pile foundation in a complicated loading condition, which might cause issues in the structural and geotechnical safety. This paper presents a preliminary analytical study on the performance of the pile foundation subjected to high pressure, large temperature increase and structural loads. Finite element analyses on pile foundation models, which are built from selected prototype structures, have been conducted. The analytical study identifies maximum stresses in the concrete of the pile foundation under combined pressure, temperature change and structural loads. Recommendations have been made for the use of reinforced concrete pile foundations for renewable energy storage.

Evaluating the NOx Storage Catalysts (NSC) Aging: A Preliminary Analytical Study with Electronic Microscopy

This paper describes an expeditious and reliable method for determining the thermal effects in a static condition of commercial NOx storage catalysts (NSCs) using scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray analytical system (SEM/EDS). It is worth remarking that possible changes in the morphology and in the elemental composition of the catalyst may be considered as the most important causes of the lower conversion of NOx. The information attained in this work indicates that Pt nanoparticle sintering is strongly increased by the oxygen exposure, and this can be considered a very useful preliminary investigation for the studies already present in the literature on the efficiency of NSCs.

Numerical investigation of H2 absorption in an adiabatic high-temperature metal hydride reactor based on thermochemical heat storage: MgH2 and Mg(OH)2 as reference materials

A two-dimensional mathematical model to predict the thermal performance of an adiabatic hydrogen storage system based on the combination of magnesium hydride and magnesium hydroxide materials has been developed. A simple geometry consisting of two coaxial cylinders filled with the hydrogen and thermochemical heat storage materials was considered. The main objective was to gain a better knowledge on the thermal interaction between the two storage media, and to determine the dependence of the hydrogen absorption time on the geometric characteristics of the reactor as well as the operation conditions and the thermophysical properties of the selected materials. The dimensions of the two compartments where the two materials are filled were chosen based on the results of a preliminary analytical study in order to compare the absorption times obtained analytically and numerically. The numerical results have shown that the hydrogen absorption process can be completed in a shorter interval of time than analytically as a result of the larger temperature gradient between the magnesium hydride and magnesium hydroxide beds. This was mainly due to variation of temperature in the thermochemical heat storage material during the more realistic dehydration reaction in the numerical solution. Larger temperature gradients, thus a faster hydrogen absorption process can also be achieved by increasing the hydrogen absorption pressure. Moreover, it was found that the increase of the thermal conductivity of the magnesium hydroxide material is crucial for a further improvement of the performance of the MgH2–Mg(OH)2 combination reactor.

Design of Microelectromagnets for Magnetic Particles Manipulation

The design of a ring trap for the confinement of magnetic microparticles based on thin-film technology is proposed. The study is conducted with a commercial electromagnetic software, using design specifications obtained from a preliminary analytical and technological study. A two-ring trap system is optimized to obtain the required magnetic flux density able to trap the magnetic microparticles while satisfying the heating constraints. In particular, the temperature in the area where the particles are collected is kept below 37 °C, in order to prevent thermal effects on the particles, allowing their manipulation without bud formation, fragmentation, and hemolysis. The resulting configuration represents a viable solution for the fabrication of microanalytical devices featuring on-chip ring traps without the need of external active cooling systems.

The influence of ion dynamics on the breaking of plane electron oscillations

The influence of ion dynamics on the breaking of plane relativistic electron oscillations is studied by numerical modeling. An algorithm in Euler’s variables for finite-difference simulation is developed, and preliminary analytical study is performed. A new type of breaking of long-lived oscillations, different from the earlier-known one, is presented. Part of the computations were performed on the Chebyshev supercomputer (Lomonosov Moscow State University).