Prehypertensive Men Research Articles

The Influence of concurrent exercise Modality Order on postexercise hypotension in prehypertensive men

The Influence of concurrent exercise Modality Order on postexercise hypotension in prehypertensive men

Effects of 8-week Aerobic Exercise and Polyphenol Intake on Cardiovascular Response and Vascular Endothelial Function in Pre-hypertensive Men at Rest and during Exercise

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week aerobic exercise and polyphenol intake on body composition, cardiovascular response, vascular endothelial function, and physical fitness at rest and during exercise in prehypertensive men. METHODS The study included twenty-eight males in their 20-30 years of age with prehypertension. Participants in the aerobic exercise + polyphenol intake group (EX + PP; <i>n</i> = 14) performed aerobic exercise three sessions/week, 30 min/session, at 65% of the heart rate reserve, and consumed polyphenol (grape seed extract 300 mg) for 8 weeks. Participants in the aerobic exercise + placebo intake group (EX + PL; <i>n</i> = 14) performed the same aerobic exercise; however, they consumed placebo instead of polyphenol. All independent variables were measured at pre-test and post-test, and the data were analyzed. RESULTS The main results of the study were as follows: 1) SBP and MAP at rest decreased significantly in EX + PP, while MAP decreased significantly in EX + PL group. 2) In the EX + PP group, CO increased significantly, whereas DBP, MAP, and TPR decreased significantly during the hand grip exercise. In contrast, CO decreased significantly, while DBP and TPR increased significantly in the EX + PL group during the hand grip exercise. 3) Regarding vascular endothelial function, % FMD increased significantly in EX + PP group. 4) Sit-up increased significantly in both EX + PP and EX + PL groups; however, sit-and-reach in EX + PP group was significantly higher than that in EX + PL group at post-test. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study showed that the 8-week aerobic exercise would have positive effects on body composition, cardiovascular response, and physical fitness at rest and during exercise in hypertensive men. Additionally, polyphenol intake would contribute more towards reduction of blood pressure at rest and during exercise and improvement of vascular endothelial function.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Post-exercise Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Function in Prehypertensive Men in Their 30s

PURPOSE Blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive individuals is reduced by the accumulation of post-exercise hypotension (PEH) induced by a long period of training. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intensity of two different aerobic exercises with identical energy expenditure on post-exercise blood pressure and cardiovascular function in prehypertensive men.METHODS Eleven prehypertensive men in their 30s participated in two trials repeatedly. In the first trial, the exercise was moderate in intensity and continuous (MICE) with 70% of VO<sub>2</sub>max, and the exercise in the second trial was high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with 50% and 90% of VO<sub>2</sub>max. Each exercise was performed for 30 min, and the variables related to BP and cardiovascular function were measured at certain times for 1 hr during the recovery phase.RESULTS Our main findings are as follows: (1) Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower at 30 and 45 min of recovery time than the baseline in the HIIE trial, and systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the HIIE trial than the MICE trial at 10, 15, and 30 min of recovery time. (2) The rate pressure product was significantly higher in the HIIE trial than the MICE trial at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of recovery time. (3) The heart rate was significantly higher in the HIIE trial than the MICE trial at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of recovery time. (4) Stroke volume was significantly lower in the HIIE trial than the MICE trial at 30 min of recovery time. (5) Cardiac output was significantly higher in the HIIE trial than the MICE trial at 15 min of recovery phase. (6) Total vascular conductance was significantly higher in the HIIE trial than the MICE trial at 15 and 30 min of recovery phase. (7) Total peripheral resistance was significantly lower in the HIIE trial than the MICE trial at 15 and 30 min of recovery phase.CONCLUSIONS The HIIE shows a higher cardiovascular stress than MICE; however, HIIE contributes to the augmentation of PEH and improvement of cardiovascular function. Therefore, HIIE rather than MICE should be suggested in BP control and enhancement of cardiovascular function in prehypertensive males.

Effects of Tai chi on Cardiovascular Responses and Stress Reduction in Prehypertensive Subjects: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Prehypertension seems to be the precursor to hypertension, and using non-pharmacological methods such as tai chi, can reduce blood pressure and its dangerous consequences. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of 8-form Yang-style tai chi on cardiovascular responses and stress reduction in prehypertensive subjects. Sixty prehypertensive men and women aged 25 to 54 years were selected by purposive sampling, and randomly assigned into two experimental groups (15 males and 15 females) and two control groups (15 males and 15 females). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate were measured by digital sphygmomanometer and stress was measured using Markham mental pressure inventory. Then, the experimental groups completed tai chi training for 45 minutes, three days per week for 8 weeks, however, the control groups received no intervention. Twenty four hours after completing the training, the dependent variables were re-measured in the study groups. Factorial multivariate analysis of covariance was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that tai chi significantly decreased systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, and stress in comparison with control group. Our study encourages and supports that a short style of tai chi is an effective way in improving cardiovascular responses and stress in prehypertensive individuals.

Effect of Sex and Prehypertension on Blood Pressure and HRV Responses to Slow Breathing

The slow breathing reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients but not in normotensive subjects. In general, young women have lower blood pressure compared to age-matched men. We hypothesized that slow breathing reduces sex differences and differences between normotensive and prehypertensive subjects in blood pressure and autonomic regulation. A total of 293 men and women were recruited from V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University student population. The subjects were subdivided into normotensives and prehypertensives according to JNC-7 classification. The resting stage was followed by two slow breathing stages (10 and 6 breaths per minute) for 5 min each. ECG was continuously recorded and high and low frequency (HF and LF) HRV power were computed (CardioLab CS, XAI-Medica, Ukraine). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded by automatic digital sphygmomanometer (OMRON EVOLV, Japan) at the end of each stage. Three-way repeated measures MANOVA (SPSS 22) was used to test for effects of slow breathing, sex, and prehypertension on HR, SBP, DBP, and HRV variables. The written informed consent was obtained from each participant. The slowing respiratory rate to 10 and 6 breaths per minute decreased SBP in prehypertensive men and women (Fig. 1B). Due to the opposite tendency, SBP was higher in normotensive men at 6 breaths per minute compared with 10 breaths per minute (Fig. 1A). The DBP was decreased only in prehypertensive women at both breathing rate (not shown). The slowing respiratory rate to 10 breaths per minute increased LnHF HRV power indicating cardiovagal outflow, and to 6 breaths per minute increased LnLF HRV power indicating sympathoinhibitory arm of baroreflex according to our hypothesis presented at EB2018 conference. At rest, LnHF power was lower in normotensive men than in women, indicating sex differences in cardiovagal outflow (not shown). Because of LnHF power increased at both breathing rates in normotensive men, the sex difference was no longer significant. The resting LnLF power was higher in prehypertensive men than in women (Fig. 2B). Unlike women, men decreased LnLF power at 10 breaths per minute (Fig. 2A and 2B), indicating decrease activity of sympathoinhibitory arm of baroreflex at the time of increased parasympathetic activity. As a result, the sex difference in LnLF power was no longer significant during slow breathing. At 10 breaths per minute LnHF power was higher in normotensive than in prehypertensive women, indicating higher reserves of cardiovagal outflow in this group. The LnLF power was also higher in normotensive than in prehypertensive women at rest and at 10 breaths per minute (6.94±0.09 vs. 6.50±0.12 Lnms2 and 6.85±0.11 vs. 6.38±0.13 Lnms2, P=0.003 and P=0.007, respectively). At 6 breaths per minute, this difference was no longer significant (P=0.195). According to our hypothesis, an equalizing of LnLF power indicates a similar activity of sympathoinhibitory arm of baroreflex, that can contribute to the decrease of SBP and DBP in prehypertensive women. In conclusion, slowing respiratory rate to 10 and 6 breaths per minute decreased SBP in prehypertensive men and women, and DBP only in prehypertensive women. The slow breathing reduced differences in autonomic nervous system activity between genders as well as between normotensives and prehypertensives.

Cardiac autonomic response to aerobic exercise with different levels of blood flow restriction in pre-hypertensive men

Cardiovascular safety of aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) has been little studied in clinical populations. This study investigated the effects of different levels of BFR on cardiac autonomic response during and after walking tasks in pre-hypertensive men. Twelve pre-hypertensive men performed three randomly assigned experimental sessions: (1) 20 min of walking at 40% of peak running velocity (Vpeak) without BFR (CON); (2) 20 min of walking at 40% of Vpeak with BFR sets at 40% of the maximum cuff pressure that fully interrupted blood flow (BFR40); and (3) 20 min of walking at 40% of Vpeak with BFR sets at 80% of the maximum cuff pressure that fully interrupted blood flow (BFR80). The HR and HRV measurements were taken at rest, during exercise, and during the recovery period after constant load sessions. Heart rate was higher throughout the BFR80 session when compared to the CON condition (p 0.05). Restricting blood flow imposes additional cardiovascular stress during and after exercise in pre-hypertensive men, with apparently greater stress as the level of BFR increases.

Combined exercise training improves blood pressure at rest and during exercise in young obese prehypertensive men.

Regular exercise is an effective intervention to yield health-related benefits, though an optimal dosage and its ability to improve hemodynamics at rest and during exercise are yet to be established. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of a combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training program on hemodynamic variables at rest and during exercise in young obese prehypertensive men. Twenty obese prehypertensive men (age: 20±1.2 years) were randomly assigned to either the combined exercise training group (CBT, N.=10), or the control group (CON, N.=10). The CBT underwent a supervised combined exercise training program incorporating four 60-min sessions per week over 12 weeks, whereas the CON remained in habitual activities. We assessed BP, peak oxygen consumption (V̇O<inf>2peak</inf>), body composition, muscular strength, and hemodynamic responses to incremental exercise at baseline and post intervention. The study revealed significant improvements in resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 4.3% (P<0.05), and rate-pressure product (RPP) of 11.3% (P<0.05) following 12 weeks of training. Significant reductions in SBP and RPP during exercise were also present at every exercise intensity. Moreover, the CBT training improved V̇O<inf>2peak</inf> by 18.2% (P<0.01), upper body muscle strength by 15.1% (P<0.01), and reduced body fat (P<0.01). The CBT is effective in reducing SBP and myocardial oxygen demand at rest and during exercise. It can also improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and reduce body fat; especially in terms of abdominal obesity. Thus, we suggest the use of the CBT program for the prevention of future hypertension in young obese prehypertensive men.

Acute Hemodynamic Responses to Combined Exercise and Sauna.

This study investigated acute hemodynamic, plasma volume and immunological responses to four loading protocols: sauna only, and sauna after endurance, strength or combined endurance and strength exercise. Twenty-seven healthy, slightly prehypertensive men (age 32.7±6.9 years) were measured at PRE, MID (after exercise), POST, POST30min and POST24h. The measurements consisted systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein, white blood cells and plasma volume measurements. Endurance+sauna showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure at POST (-8.9 mmHg), POST30min (-11.0 mmHg) and POST24h (-4.6 mmHg). At POST30min, significant decreases were also observed in sauna (-4.3 mmHg) and combined+sauna (-7.5 mmHg). Diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly from -5.4 to -3.9 mmHg at POST in all loadings. Plasma volume decreased significantly at MID in all exercise loadings and at POST in endurance+sauna and strength+sauna. Plasma volume increased significantly (p < 0.01) in endurance+sauna and combined+sauna at POST24h. White blood cells increased following all exercise+sauna loadings at MID, POST and POST30min, whereas high sensitive C-reactive protein showed no changes at any measurement point. The combination of endurance exercise and sauna showed the greatest positive effects on blood pressure. Both loadings including endurance exercise increased plasma volume on the next day.

Impact of a Supplementation with Polyphenol Extract and L-citrulline on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Pre-Hypertensive Individuals

Abstract Objectives To investigate the short-term impact of supplementation with a combination of polyphenols extracts and L-citrulline on ambulatory blood pressure (BP), vascular function and inflammation in pre-hypertensive individuals. Methods In a randomized double-blind parallel trial, men and women with pre-hypertension were subjected to 6-wk supplementation with 764 mg/day of polyphenols extracts from cranberries and grape seeds and 2 g/day of L-citrulline (n = 35) or with placebo (cellulose, n = 34). The primary outcome of this study was the change in 24-hour ambulatory BP, which was monitored every 20 minutes during daytime and every 60 minutes during nighttime both at baseline and at week 6 post-intervention. Secondary outcomes included glycation products, a proxy of vascular function measured by a sensitive cutaneous optical method as well as blood lipids and CRP. Changes in study outcomes were analyzed using mixed models in SAS. The potential impact of sex and obesity status on the response to supplementation was also considered in the analysis. Results Supplementation with the polyphenol extracts and L-citrulline had no impact on mean ambulatory systolic (P &amp;gt; 0.10) and diastolic (P &amp;gt; 0.50) BP. However, the ambulatory systolic BP response was different in men and women (Pinteraction &amp;lt; 0.01 for 24-h BP and daytime BP) but not the diastolic BP. The ambulatory systolic BP after supplementation compared with placebo was significantly reduced in women (24-h BP −3.9 mmHg, P = 0.01; daytime BP −4.4 mmHg, P = 0.005) but not in men (24-h BP + 1.8 mmHg, P = 0.48; daytime BP + 1.8 mmHg, P = 0.55). A trend for a reduction in glycation products was observed after polyphenol and L-citrulline supplementation compared to placebo (P = 0.07) but there was no difference in the concentrations of blood lipids (P &amp;gt; 0.20 for all) or CRP (P = 0.36) between treatments. Conclusions Supplementation with polyphenol extracts/L-citrulline for 6 weeks may reduce ambulatory systolic BP in pre-hypertensive women, but not in men. The present data also indicate that the polyphenols extract/L-citrulline supplement has no impact on blood lipids and CRP in pre-hypertensive men and women. Funding Sources The study was funded by Atrium Innovations. Supplement of polyphenol extracts and L-citrulline as well as placebo were supplied by Pure Encapsulations.

Гендерные особенности содержания в сыворотке крови молекулярных маркеров артериальной гипертензии при развитии предгипертонии

Цель исследования - изучение гендерных особенностей содержания в сыворотке крови молекулярных маркеров артериальной гипертензии у мужчин и женщин с «оптимальным» артериальным давлением и предгипертонией. Методика. Обследовано 115 лиц мужского (n=49) и женского пола (n=66) в возрасте 48-49 лет с «оптимальным» давлением, (АД≤120/80 мм рт. ст., n=63,) и предгипертонией (АД120-139/80-89 мм рт. ст., n=52). С помощью твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа с использованием оригинальных и коммерческих тест-систем в сыворотке крови определяли содержание биомаркеров: пептидов, ангиотензина II, HLDF24, белков S100b, эндотелина и аутоантител к ним, а также васкулоэндотелиального фактора роста сосудов. Методами математического анализа проведено сравнение содержания биомаркеров у мужчин и женщин с «оптимальным» АД и предгипертонией. Результаты. В сыворотке крови мужчин и женщин с «оптимальным» АД и предгипертонией обнаружены статистически значимые различия в содержании ряда молекулярных маркеров. У мужчин с предгипертонией по сравнению с лицами мужского пола, имеющими «оптимальное» АД, документировано значимое повышение содержания эндотелина и титров аутоантител к белку S100b. Вместе с тем, у женщин с предгипертонией выявлено статистически значимое снижение содержание ангиотензина II. Как у мужчин, так и у женщин в сыворотке крови обнаружено статистически высоко значимое снижение уровня пептида HLOF24 при предгипертонии по сравнению с лицами, имеющими «оптимальное» АД. Заключение. Документированные гендерные особенности содержания биомаркеров в крови отражают, по-видимому, ключевые молекулярные события при развитии предгипертонии у мужчин и женщин в исследованной возрастной когорте. Полученные результаты представляют интерес для понимания патогенеза предгипертонии и разработки методов её персонифицированной коррекции. The aim of the study was to investigate features of the content of serum molecular markers for arterial hypertension in men and women with “optimal” blood pressure (BP) and prehypertension. Methods. The study evaluated 115 males (n = 49) and females (n = 66) aged 47.6 ± 0.7 with an “optimal” BP (120/80 mm Hg, n = 63) and prehypertension (120-139 / 80-89 mm Hg, n = 52). Serum concentrations of biomarkers, including peptides, angiotensin II, HLDF24, S100b protein, endothelin, and respective autoantibodies, and vascular endothelial vascular growth factor, were measured using ELISA with original and commercial kits. Serum concentrations of biomarkers were compared in men and women with “optimal” BP and prehypertensive subjects using mathematical analysis. Results. Serum concentrations of some molecular markers were significantly different in men and women with “optimal” BP and prehypertension. Endothelin levels and autoantibody titers to S100b were higher for men with prehypertension than with “optimal” BP. Furthermore, prehypertensive women had a significantly lower level of angiotensin II. However, both prehypertensive men and women had highly significant decreases in the level of HLOF24 compared to individuals with “optimal” BP. Conclusion. The observed gender features of biomarker levels apparently reflect key molecular events during the development of prehypertension in men and women of the studied age cohort. The study results are of interest for understanding pathogenetic mechanisms of prehypertension and for development of methods for its individualized correction.

Effect of one‐time successive immersion of the right hand into ice‐cold and warm water on blood pressure in prehypertensives

An early diagnostic and awareness of hypertension are crucial for controlling and prevention from further its development. The dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a cornerstone of hypertension pathophysiology which underlies the initiation and development of hypertension. The HRV is commonly used for the evaluation of ANS activity. Though physiological/therapeutic effects of hydrotherapy for maintaining health, preventing, and treating the diseases, were well documented, the scientific base of these effects till now remains unclear.The 79 normotensive and 76 prehypertensive men, 102 normotensive and 50 prehypertensive women (117.4±0.6 mm Hg and 135.0±1.0 mm Hg, 111.1±0.6 mm Hg and 126.3±0.8 mm Hg for SBP, respectively) were enrolled from V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University student population. All of them gave written informed consents.The ECG was continually recorded during the 5‐minutes resting stage and cold‐warm test (CWT): 5‐minutes immersion of the right hand into warm water (37°C) following by 1‐minute immersion of the hand into the ice‐cold water. HR, LnLF and HF HRV power were obtained by digital 2‐channel ECG amplifier (CardioLab 2010, Ukraine). HRV was assessed in the frequency‐domain analysis during the resting and warm‐water stages. SBP and DBP were recorded at the end of the resting and warm‐water stages by means the automatic digital sphygmomanometer (Nissei WS‐1011, Ltd, Japan) and MBP was calculated. Three‐way repeated measure MANOVA was used to compare HR, MBP, LnLF, LnHF HRV power by sex, the presence of prehypertension, and CWT. Two‐way MANOVA was used to analyze the possible effect of sex and prehypertension on cardiovascular and HRV responses to cold‐warm test. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS statistical program, version 22.During CWT the HR decreased significantly compared with the resting stage in normotensive and prehypertensive groups (P&lt;0.001 for both), MBP increased in normotensive subjects (P=0.032) while decreased in the prehypertensive group (P&lt;0.001). The LnHF power widely used as an index of cardiovagal activity tended to be increased in normotensive subjects (P=0.054) while the LnLF power indicating, according to our hypothesis, an index of sympathoinhibition, increased only in the normotensive group at high significant level (P=0.003).Sex differences were found between normotensive subjects in ΔHR, ΔLnLF, and ΔLnHF HRV power, such that LnLF and LnHF increased more and HR decreased more in normotensive women than in men (P=0.034, P=0.010, and P=0.015, respectively) indicating that reduction of HR due to activation of cardiovagal activity and sympathoinhibition was higher in normotensive women.So, during CWT the increase in parasympathetic activity and sympathoinhibition led to the reduction of HR in normotensive subjects, while prehypertensive subjects demonstrated the decrease of both HR and MBP without change of HRV indices possibly due to the reduction of tonic activity of the sympathetic nervous system. This cold‐warm test may be used for early diagnostic of hypertension since the MBP in normotensives significantly increased and in prehypertensives decreased at high significant level.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Different LF and HF HRV responses to cold pressor test in normotensive and prehypertensive men

Hypertension is a global health problem and a risk factor of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular and kidney disease. The cold pressor test (CPT) is commonly used as a sympathoexcitatory manoeuvre. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful tool for assessment of autonomic nervous system activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular and HRV responsiveness to CPT in 46 normotensive and 25 prehypertensive (PHT) young man. In ECG was recorded at rest and CPT for 5 min each to evaluate heart rate (HR), total power (TP), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power. General linear model was used to test for effect of prehypertension and CPT on HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and HRV variables and their responses to cold. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to reveal predictors of ∆HR, ∆SBP and ∆DBP. All analyses were conducted using SPSS 22. Blood pressure responsiveness to CPT was not associated with PHT; instead, it was associated with BMI. The ∆HR, ∆SBP, and ∆DBP were not significantly different between normotensive and prehypertensive subjects. However, ∆LnTP, ∆LnLF, and ∆LnHF were significantly higher in normotensives than in prehypertensives: LnTP, LnLF, and LnHF increased in normotensive subjects while these indices decreased in prehypertensives.

Testosterone and Blood Pressure Levels in Prehypertensive Men in Calabar, Nigeria

Testosterone and Blood Pressure Levels in Prehypertensive Men in Calabar, Nigeria

An Acute Bout of Aquatic Treadmill Exercise Induces Greater Improvements in Endothelial Function and Postexercise Hypotension Than Land Treadmill Exercise: A Crossover Study.

The purpose of the study was to compare acute bouts of aquatic treadmill (ATM) and land treadmill (LTM) exercise on flow-mediated dilation, postexercise blood pressure, plasma nitrate/nitrite, and atrial natriuretic peptide in untrained, prehypertensive men. In a counterbalanced, crossover design, 19 untrained, prehypertensive men completed bouts of ATM and LTM on separate days. Flow-mediated dilation was measured pre-exercise and 1-hr postexercise. Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and immediately postexercise and analyzed for plasma nitrate/nitrite and atrial natriuretic peptide. A magnitude-based inference approach to inference was used for statistical analysis. A possible clinically beneficial increase in flow-mediated dilation (1.2%, 90% confidence interval = -0.07% to 2.5%) was observed 1 hr after ATM. In contrast, a possible clinically harmful decrease in flow-mediated dilation (-1.3%, 90% confidence interval = -2.7% to 0.2%) was observed 1 hr after LTM. The magnitude of the postexercise systolic blood pressure reduction was greater after ATM (-4.9, SD = 2.9 mm Hg) than LTM (-2.6, SD = 2.5 mm Hg). Atrial natriuretic peptide increased 34.3 (SD = 47.0%) after ATM and decreased -9.0 (SD = 40.0%) after LTM. An acute bout of ATM induced a more favorable endothelial response and greater postexercise hypotensive response than LTM. These changes were associated with increased atrial natriuretic peptide levels after ATM.

Correction to: Grape Seed Extract Supplementation Attenuates the Blood Pressure Response to Exercise in Prehypertensive Men, by Kim JK, Kim KA, Choi HM, Park SK, and Stebbins CL. J Med Food. 2018;21:445–453. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0133

Correction to: <i>Grape Seed Extract Supplementation Attenuates the Blood Pressure Response to Exercise in Prehypertensive Men</i>, by Kim JK, Kim KA, Choi HM, Park SK, and Stebbins CL. J Med Food. 2018;21:445–453. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0133

Daily exercise Compared To Exercise On Alternating Days On Post-exercise Hypotension In prehypertensive Men

Daily exercise Compared To Exercise On Alternating Days On Post-exercise Hypotension In prehypertensive Men

포도씨 추출물 섭취가 경계성 고혈압자의 안정 시와 운동 중 심혈관반응과 혈관내피세포기능에 미치는 영향

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 2-week ingestion of grape seed extract(300 mg/day) on cardiovascular response and vascular endothelial cell function at rest and during handgrip exercise in prehypertensive individuals. Nine prehypertensive men, aged 24.6±3.1 yrs, repeatedly participated in both grape seed extract trial and placebo trial in a randomized, double-blind, crossover manner. While the subjects ingested grape seed extract or placebo in a 2-week trial, their cardiovascular response, blood vessel diameter, blood flow volume, and vascular endothelial cell function at rest and during handgrip exercise were measured. Each variable was compared between two trials as well as between two tests simultaneously using a repeated two-way ANOVA. Main result of the present study were as follows: 1) Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly at rest after the 2-week ingestion of grape seed extract. 2) Systolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure decreased significantly during handgrip exercise after the 2-week ingestion of grape seed extract. 3) Flow-mediated dilation volume and % flow-mediated dilation increased significantly after the 2-week ingestion of grape seed extract. It was concluded that 2 weeks of ingestion of grape seed extract would have an positive effect on cardiovascular response and vascular endothelial cell function at rest and during handgrip exercise in prehypertensive men. Future research investigating the effects of various period and amount of ingestion of grape seed extract during aerobic exercise including large muscle group would be warranted.

Grape Seed Extract Supplementation Attenuates the Blood Pressure Response to Exercise in Prehypertensive Men.

We tested the hypothesis that exaggerated pressor responses observed in prehypertensive males (N = 9) during dynamic exercise are attenuated following acute dietary supplementation with grape seed extract (GSE) (i.e., a single dose). Effects of placebo and GSE (300 mg) on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), total vascular conductance (TVC), and rate × pressure product (RPP) in response to two submaximal cycling workloads (40% and 60% VO2peak) were compared 2 h after ingestion of GSE or placebo on different days, 1 week apart. Endothelial function was also evaluated using flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Placebo treatment had no effect on any of the variables. GSE supplementation attenuated MAP at both workloads (40% VO2peak: 115 ± 1 vs. 112 ± 2 mmHg; 60% VO2peak: 126 ± 2 vs. 123 ± 2 mmHg) and RPP at the lower workload. Conversely, SV, CO, and TVC were augmented during both workloads. FMD was augmented by GSE (18.9 ± 2.0 vs. 12.4% ± 2.0%). These findings indicate that in exercising prehypertensive males, a single dose of GSE reduces blood pressure, peripheral vasoconstriction, and work of the heart and enhances O2 delivery; effects that may be due, in part, to endothelium-dependent vasodilation. We propose that acute GSE treatment represents an intervention that may minimize potential increases in the risk of cardiovascular events during dynamic exercise in prehypertensives.

Increment in Systolic Blood Pressure During Cold Pressure Test Is Associated with Baseline LF Power in Young Prehypertensive Men

The cold pressor test (CPT) is commonly used as a sympathoexcitatory maneuver to provoke an increment in arterial pressure and heart rate and to measure cardiovascular reactivity to stress. However, use of the CPT as a predictor test of future hypertension is still debatable. We investigated whether exaggerated blood pressure responsiveness to CPT is observed in young prehypertensive men and determined baseline HRV indices and autonomic nervous system contribution into the elevation of blood pressure.CPT was performed in 81 normotensive and 72 prehypertensive men enrolled from V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University student population. All participants gave written informed consent. After 5 min resting stage subjects placed their right hand into ice‐cold water for 1 minute. ECG was continuously recorded and resting HRV indices were interpreted (CardioLab 2010). Blood pressure was measured at the end of each stage (Nissei WS‐1011). GLM one‐way MANOVA and MANCOVA with height and BMI were used to test for possible effects of prehypertension on heart rate (ΔHR) and blood pressure (ΔSBP and ΔDBP) responses. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to assess the relative importance of baseline LnLF (LnLFrest) and LnHF (LnHFrest) power in HR, SBP, and DBP increments, adjusted also for the presence of prehypertension, BMI, height, and two‐way interactions.In the current study, prehypertensive subjects did not demonstrate higher cardiovascular reactivity to CPT (Table 1). Moreover, normotensives had higher SBP response to CPT (Table 1). When height and BMI were taken into account this difference was even more significant (not shown). Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results with some showing higher and some showing the same and even lower blood pressure reactivity to CPT in prehypertensive subjects or in persons with family history of hypertension.The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that ΔSBP in prehypertensives and ΔDBP in all subjects were negatively associated with LnLFrest possibly indicating, according to our hypothesis, activity of the inhibitory interneurons projected to the presympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. The central inhibition of sympathetic activity reduced the increment of SBP in subjects developing hypertension and controlled increment of DBP in all subjects (Table 2).It was shown that increments in both SBP and DBP were associated with ΔHR only in the prehypertensive subjects and in persons with increased BMI (Table 2). These findings may be partially explained by blunting of baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and/or resetting of the baroreceptor reflex to a higher control point.in prehypertensives and in subjects with increased BMI. The increments in SBP and DBP associated also with ΔHR in subjects with a high level of baseline parasympathetic activity as shown by the positive association between LnHFrest by ΔHR interaction and ΔSBP or ΔDBP (Table 2) possibly because high LnHFrest reduces HR and increases atrioventricular delay which may contribute to a ventricular filling.In conclusion, young prehypertensive subjects demonstrated lower SBP response to CPT than normotensives possibly due to their increment in SBP was associated with resting LnLF power, indicating according to our hypothesis, inhibition of the presympathetic medullary neurons; ΔSBP and ΔDBP were associated with ΔHR only in prehypertensives and in persons with high baseline parasympathetic activity.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Continuous and Accumulated Bouts of Cycling Matched by Intensity and Energy Expenditure Elicit Similar Acute Blood Pressure Reductions in Prehypertensive Men.

Fonseca, GF, Farinatti, PTV, Midgley, AW, Ferreira, A, de Paula, T, Monteiro, WD, and Cunha, FA. Continuous and accumulated bouts of cycling matched by intensity and energy expenditure elicit similar acute blood pressure reductions in prehypertensive men. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 857-866, 2018-This study investigated differences in postexercise hypotension (PEH) after continuous vs. accumulated isocaloric bouts of cycling. Ten prehypertensive men, aged 23-34 years, performed 2 bouts of cycling at 75% oxygen uptake reserve, with total energy expenditures of 400 kcal per bout. One exercise bout was performed continuously (CONTIN) and the other as 2 smaller bouts each expending 200 kcal (INTER1 and INTER2). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cardiac autonomic control were monitored in a supine position for 10 minutes before and 60 minutes after each exercise bout, and during a control session. Compared with control, blood pressure was significantly reduced after CONTIN (SBP: [INCREMENT] - 3.4 mm Hg, p < 0.001; MAP: [INCREMENT] - 2.5 mm Hg, p = 0.001), INTER1 (SBP: [INCREMENT] - 2.2 mm Hg, p = 0.045), and INTER2 (SBP: [INCREMENT] - 4.4 mm Hg, p < 0.001; DBP: [INCREMENT] - 2.7 mm Hg, p = 0.045; MAP: [INCREMENT] - 3.3 mm Hg, p = 0.001). The PEH was similar in CONTIN and INTER2, whereas INTER2 elicited greater PEH than INTER1 (SBP and MAP: [INCREMENT] - 2.0 and [INCREMENT] - 1.8 mm Hg, respectively, p ≤ 0.05). Increases in sympathovagal balance from baseline were inversely related to changes in SBP and DBP after CONTIN and INTER2 (r = -0.64 to -0.71; p = 0.021-0.047). These findings indicate that similar amounts of PEH are observed when exercise is performed as a single 400-kcal exercise bout or 2 × 200-kcal bouts and that the exercise recovery pattern of cardiac autonomic activity may be important in eliciting PEH.