Prehistoric Ruins Research Articles

Climate change risk assessment of heritage tourism sites within South African national parks

Climate change and variability are among the most critical threats facing heritage sites across the world. However, despite the threats posed by climate change and variability on heritage tourism sites, there are limited research and management interventions to help build the resilience of threatened sites. South African national parks are home to numerous heritage sites, including unique ecosystems, prehistoric ruins and rock art, which are still undocumented. This research assesses the risks imposed by climate change and variability on heritage sites within selected South African national parks. Assessing and prioritising risk is important to designing effective conservation and preservation strategies. The participatory Climate Vulnerability Index was used to assess climate vulnerability on three heritage sites within Kruger, Mapungubwe and Table Mountain national parks. The research developed and used a seven scale semi-quantitative risk analysis tool to rank and prioritise the identified climate related threats. Survey questionnaires were administered to park visitors to assess their perceptions of climate change impacts on heritage sites. Discussions with key informants were also done using in-depth interviews and focus groups. The results show that the vulnerability of heritage sites to climate change was high at all sites. Warming temperatures, drought and flooding intense rainfall are the main climatic stressors. A SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely) action list for the identified critical climate related risks was developed. To build future resilience, the paper recommends changes in how threatened tourism heritage sites are presented to visitors, improved funding for the documentation of the impacts of climate change on the heritage sites and developing anticipatory action to manage potential impacts.

Rude Forms Among Us: Contemporary Construction of Prehistoric Ruins

AbstractAnna Neimark is a founding partner of First Office, an architectural firm based in Los Angeles. Here she describes a recent exhibition design for Eugène Trutat's photographs, and the installation inspired by them that was created at Sci‐Arc in 2020. The exhibition is both a simple display of Trutat's work and a contemporary take on his influence on what she refers to as ‘Rude Form’.

Dateless Dendroarchaeology

The strength of dendrochronology is chronology. No other non-textual dating technique in the world provides the precision, accuracy, and resolution of dendrochronology. Indeed, dendrochronology is famous for dating prehistoric ruins, and Douglass’ “Bridging the Gap” is still considered one of the greatest achievements in archaeology anywhere, but what happens when samples don’t date? Should they simply be discarded as useless, stored until better chronologies and new techniques are available, or do they contain useful information for current research interests? Using undated collections from the southwestern US and northwestern Mexico, this paper discusses a variety of behavioral and environmental information present in samples, even if they cannot contribute to our chronological knowledge.

Prolegomenon to a history of paleoanthropology: The study of human origins as a scientific enterprise. Part 2. Eighteenth to the twentieth century

AbstractModern scientific theories of human origins can be traced directly back to the discoveries, arguments, and theories of the seventeenth century. But as we have seen in the first part of this paper, a great many critical steps had been taken, ideas proposed, and discoveries made long before this. The scientific advances of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries owed much to ancient science, while still retaining many aspects of the medieval Christian world view. Yet both science and Christianity changed significantly as a result of the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, the voyages of exploration, and the changes wrought on European society as a result of industrialization. The question of human origins was directly affected by the archeological study of prehistoric ruins, new geological theories, the study of fossils, the discovery of “savage” peoples living in the New World, and the comparison of prehistoric stone implements from Europe with those collected in the New World. This proliferation of new discoveries, new theories, and the emergence of completely new scientific disciplines in the seventeenth century laid the foundation for the dramatic new discoveries and theories that came over the next three centuries.

The 1931 Shippee-Johnson Aerial Photography Expedition to Peru

THE development and use of aerial photography were primarily initiated during and immediately after World War I. A systematic technology was rapidly devised that shifted from military applications to mapping, geographical surveys, planning, and archaeology. In the United States, the American Geographical Society played a major role in the shift by funding projects and publishing their results in its publications (Wright 1952, 338-342). One of these projects was the Shippee-Johnson Expedition to in 1931. Some of the first published aerial photographs, which were views of Paris, San Diego, Miami, and Tientsin, appeared in a 1917 Geographical Review article (Woodhouse 1917). Technical articles were published in 1920 (Lee 1920; Moffit 1920), and a regional study of Morocco was based on aerial photographs (Blache 1921). Five volumes in the Special Publications series were devoted to aerial photography, or airplane photography, as it was initially called. first volume was The Face of the Earth as Seen from the Air (Lee 1922), which utilized photographs taken by the U.S. Army and Navy. It was followed by Peru from the Air (Johnson 1930), Northernmost Labrador (Forbes 1938), Focus on Africa (Light 1941), and The Face of South America (Rich 1942). All these books were well illustrated, with generally excellent vertical and oblique aerial photographs. volume on led directly to the Shippee-Johnson Aerial Photography Expedition in 1931, the results of which have been of enduring importance. expedition, endorsed by the American Geographical Society, received international attention at the time because of the high quality of the photography and the spectacular landscapes, prehistoric ruins, and other features it revealed. expedition was the first systematic attempt to use aerial photography to discover, locate, and describe prehistoric ruins and agricultural features in South America; Charles Lindbergh had taken photographs from the air of pueblo ruins in New Mexico and of Mayan causeways and cities in Yucatan in 1929 (Ricketson and Kidder 1930; Deuel 1969, 187-213). Also, a study of the ruins of Chan Chan in had made some use of aerial photography (Holstein 1927). Particularly impressive is the resolution of well-preserved overlapping vertical photographs taken by Shippee and Johnson of the Colca Valley in the Andes of southern Peru. Shippee-Johnson photographs continue to be used and published by geographers, archaeologists, and other scholars. Because of the current interest, this article describes the expedition, the resultant photography, and its whereabouts. There are several sources. Shippee (1932a, 1932b, 1933, 1934) published four articles about the expedition. Information on the progress of the expedition appeared in the West Coast Leader (1931-1932). Brief descriptions are found in Deuel (1969, 225-234), Jackson (1983, 164-171), and Fundacion Colca (1989). Information on the surviving photography was obtained from Robert Shippee, Loren McIntrye, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Servicio Aerofotografico Nacional in Lima, which Johnson founded. A file in the archives of the American Geographical Society contains correspondence about the 1931 expedition. Most of the items in the file are dated 1930 or 1931, including letters between Isaiah Bowman or Raye Platt and either Johnson or Shippee. U.S. ambassador in Lima initially was contacted about logistics and permits and later about the promised but delayed submission of prints of 6,000 photographs to the Peruvian Ministry of Marine and Aviation. society, as endorser of the expedition, acted as an intermediary in what were sensitive issues. Also of interest, Bowman corresponded with Alfred Kroeber, Julio Tello, and other archaeologists regarding whether Shippee and Johnson were the first to discover the Great Wall of Peru. JOHNSON'S PHOTOGRAPHY 1928-1929 precedent of the 1931 expedition was the aerial photography of U. …

Highway Salvage Excavations in the Upper Tonto Basin, Arizona

ABSTRACTUnder contract with the Arizona Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads, the Arizona State Museum conducted archaeological excavations in four prehistoric ruins in the Tonto National Forest during January and February, 1967, as a part of the Highway Archaeological Salvage Program. Two pithouses, eight surface rooms, two mescal pits, and a number of other features were uncovered. The sites appear to show a seasonal occupation with a relatively strong dependence on the gathering and use of mescal or agave. Local ceramics are entirely plainware with the few decorated pottery types recovered indicating trade relations to the northeast. These sites represent a late occupation of the area, probably between A.D. 1200 and 1300. Cultural affiliation with the Southern Sinagua is indicated.

A Prehistoric Quarry Near Ray, Arizona

ABSTRACTA prehistoric chrysocolla quarry was discovered near the Kennecott open pit copper mine at Ray, Arizona. Chrysocolla, a blue copper silicate, was sought by aboriginal miners, who moved over one hundred and eighty tons of rock in the quarry to obtain the mineral. Stone tools were recovered at the site, but no pottery was found. Prehistoric ruins in the area indicate that the miners may have been Hohokam.

Archaeological Excavations Near Bylas, Arizona

AbstractUnder Contract No. 14-10-0333-995 with the National Park Service, the Arizona State Museum conducted excavations in two prehistoric ruins on the San Carlos Indian Reservation during April and May, 1963, as a part of the Inter-Agency Archeo-logical Salvage Program.A total of 88 surface rooms, 2 pit houses, and 4 cremations were excavated, and tests were made in 5 trash mounds and one sheet trash area. This project was accomplished with the aid of San Carlos Apache laborers.The two ruins, Arizona V:16:8 and 10, were nearly contemporary occupations of the area from about A.D. 1100 to 1200, on the basis of ceramic dating. Although Arizona V:16:8 was probably slightly later in time than the other village, both sites were occupied during the twelfth century and may be considered as belonging to the same cul-tural period, for which the designation of Bylas Phase has been suggested.

Dating Prehistoric Ruins by Tree-Rings. W. S. StallingsJr. , (General Series, Bulletin No. 8, Laboratory of Anthropology, Santa Fe, 1939.)

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Dating Prehistoric Ruins by Tree-Rings. By W. S. Stallings Jr.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsDating Prehistoric Ruins by Tree-Rings. By W. S. Stallings Jr.Edgar B. HowardEdgar B. Howard Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Archaeology Volume 43, Number 4October–December 1939 The journal of the Archaeological Institute of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/499015 Copyright © 1939 by the Archaeological Institute of America. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

WILLIAM HENRY HOLMES

WILLIAM HENRY HOLMES

Prehistoric Ruins in Colorado

Prehistoric Ruins in Colorado

Prehistoric Ruins in Colorado

Prehistoric Ruins in Colorado

Government Supervision of Historic and Prehistoric Ruins

Government Supervision of Historic and Prehistoric Ruins

Government Supervision of Historic and Prehistoric Ruins

Government Supervision of Historic and Prehistoric Ruins

Prehistoric Ruins of Honduras and Yucatan

IN 1891 the Directors of the Peabody Museum secured from the Government of Honduras (through the liberality of Mr. C. Bowditch, of Boston) the right to explore the ruins of Copan, and to take away half of the objects found in the excavations, during a period of ten years. The preliminary report of the exploration,1 now published by the Directors of the Museum, gives the result of the first two years' work, and is accompanied by a plan and many excellent photographic plates.

The Prehistoric Ruins of the Rio Tularosa

The Prehistoric Ruins of the Rio Tularosa

Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of American Archoeology and Ethnology, Harvard University. Vol. I. No. 1, Prehistoric Ruins of Copan, Honduras. A Preliminary Report of the Explorations by the Museum, 1891-1895

Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of American Archoeology and Ethnology, Harvard University. Vol. I. No. 1, Prehistoric Ruins of Copan, Honduras. A Preliminary Report of the Explorations by the Museum, 1891-1895