Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses Extension For Scoping Reviews Research Articles

Stressful life events, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and mental health in individuals with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review.

Stressful life events are events that do not fulfil the A criterion of PTSD in the DSM-5(TR) but are perceived as negative by the person. There is an ongoing debate about the usefulness of the A criterion as a gate criterion for PTSD, and especially regarding which events qualify as traumatic or stressful life events. This debate is particularly important for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) or borderline intellectual functioning (BIF), as they seem to be more likely to experience traumatic and stressful life events than their peers without ID-BIF and appear to be more susceptible to the disruptive effects of these events. As a result, people with ID-BIF are more likely to develop mental health and behavioural problems. There is insufficient knowledge about how the relationship between stressful life events and PTSD symptoms should be interpreted, how traumatic and stressful life events are defined and distinguished in people with ID, and whether the A criterion should be broadened for individuals with ID-BIF. The aim of this scoping review was to understand stressful life events and their relationship with PTSD symptoms, other mental health and/or behavioural problems in individuals with ID-BIF. The scoping review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Thirty-eight studies were included. Five studies focused on stressful life events and PTSD symptoms. The other studies examined associations between stressful life events and other mental health and/or behavioural problems. Most of the studies did not clearly differentiate between stressful and traumatic events according to the A criterion of PTSD in the DSM-IV (TR) or DSM-5(TR). Of the six studies in which stressful life events were specified and could be distinguished from traumatic events, one found a positive association between PTSD symptoms and stressful life events and five showed weak to strong positive associations with other mental health and/or behavioural problems. PTSD symptoms following stressful life events in individuals with ID-BIF are underrepresented in the literature. The lack of a clear definition of stressful life events leads to a gap in the knowledge on whether and how stressful life events may lead to PTSD symptoms, other mental health and/or behavioural problems in individuals with ID-BIF. Therefore, no general conclusions or recommendations can be made regarding the appropriateness of the PTSD A criterion for individuals with ID-BIF. Further research is needed to establish the role of stressful life events in relation to PTSD symptoms and to inform the assessment and effective treatment in people with ID-BIF, as expert clinical experience studies suggest that broadening the PTSD A criterion should be considered for people with ID-BIF.

The Impact of High-Potency Synthetic Opioids on Pharmacotherapies for Opioid Use Disorder: A Scoping Review.

The clinical implications of high potency synthetic opioids (HPSO) on medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs) are not well understood. Although pharmacological interactions are plausible, the clinical significance of such interaction has not been systematically elucidated. This scoping review investigates the relationship between HPSO exposure and various MOUD treatment outcomes. We followed PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) for scoping reviews with extensive a priori search strategy of databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane. From 9149 studies, 34 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Synthesized data reveal several critical insights: First, there is a variable but high occurrence (38%-80%) of HPSO usage among individuals with MOUDs. Second, MOUDs are linked to a decreased risk of overdoses and deaths associated with HPSO. Third, HPSO consumption is correlated with the risk of precipitated withdrawal when starting buprenorphine. Fourth, low-dose buprenorphine is being recognized as one method to avoid moderate withdrawal symptoms prior to treatment. Lastly, significant gaps exist in human experimental data concerning the effects of HPSO on key factors critical for treating OUD-craving, withdrawal symptoms, and pain. Current evidence supports MOUD safety and effectiveness in reducing nonmedical opioid use. Further research is needed to explore HPSO's influence on the acute factors preceding nonmedical opioid use, such as cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and pain. This research could inform the optimization of MOUD dosing strategies. Achieving consensus and harmonizing data across clinical and research protocols could diminish variability, enhancing our understanding of HPSOs effect on MOUD treatment outcomes.

2251 Geriatric medicine competencies required by all hospital doctors caring for older adults: a scoping review

Abstract Introduction An ageing population globally has created an escalating demand for age-attuned healthcare services. Most older adults will continue to receive their medical care from doctors without specialised geriatric medicine training. It is important therefore that all doctors possess fundamental gerontological competencies. Which specific competencies and how they might best be integrated into medical education remain unclear. Our aim was to summarise the literature on the geriatric medical competencies required by all doctors caring for older adults. Methods We undertook a scoping review following Arksey and O’Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We systematically searched the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane, Cinahl, PsycInfo, ERIC and Embase for eligible records from January 2012 to December 2022. Studies related to physician or doctor or resident and competencies or curriculum or education and geriatric medicine or gerontology were included. We also searched the websites of included countries’ medical specialty professional bodies for relevant competency frameworks. Results Eighty-seven sources were included in the review. The most common competencies identified were medication management, recognition and management of cognitive impairment and management of chronic disease and co-morbidities. Considerable heterogeneity existed among the remaining competencies identified including interprofessional communication skills, advanced care planning and discharge planning. Competencies addressing subspecialty areas including stroke, orthogeriatrics, movement disorders were less prominent. Conclusion Multiple attempts to create and implement competency frameworks on local, national, and international levels in addition to educational interventions to address competency gaps locally reflect the wide-ranging challenges faced by healthcare systems in caring for an ageing population. Significant variation in competencies exists among the sources included in this scoping review. An overarching competency framework is now necessary to define the required competencies for all hospital doctors caring for older adults.

Predictive Data Analytics in Telecare and Telehealth: Systematic Scoping Review.

Telecare and telehealth are important care-at-home services used to support individuals to live more independently at home. Historically, these technologies have reactively responded to issues. However, there has been a recent drive to make better use of the data from these services to facilitate more proactive and predictive care. This review seeks to explore the ways in which predictive data analytics techniques have been applied in telecare and telehealth in at-home settings. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist was adhered to alongside Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. English language papers published in MEDLINE, Embase, and Social Science Premium Collection between 2012 and 2022 were considered and results were screened against inclusion or exclusion criteria. In total, 86 papers were included in this review. The types of analytics featuring in this review can be categorized as anomaly detection (n=21), diagnosis (n=32), prediction (n=22), and activity recognition (n=11). The most common health conditions represented were Parkinson disease (n=12) and cardiovascular conditions (n=11). The main findings include: a lack of use of routinely collected data; a dominance of diagnostic tools; and barriers and opportunities that exist, such as including patient-reported outcomes, for future predictive analytics in telecare and telehealth. All papers in this review were small-scale pilots and, as such, future research should seek to apply these predictive techniques into larger trials. Additionally, further integration of routinely collected care data and patient-reported outcomes into predictive models in telecare and telehealth offer significant opportunities to improve the analytics being performed and should be explored further. Data sets used must be of suitable size and diversity, ensuring that models are generalizable to a wider population and can be appropriately trained, validated, and tested.

Longitudinal Coadaptation of Older Adults With Wearables and Voice-Activated Virtual Assistants: Scoping Review.

The integration of smart technologies, including wearables and voice-activated devices, is increasingly recognized for enhancing the independence and well-being of older adults. However, the long-term dynamics of their use and the coadaptation process with older adults remain poorly understood. This scoping review explores how interactions between older adults and smart technologies evolve over time to improve both user experience and technology utility. This review synthesizes existing research on the coadaptation between older adults and smart technologies, focusing on longitudinal changes in use patterns, the effectiveness of technological adaptations, and the implications for future technology development and deployment to improve user experiences. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual and PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, this scoping review examined peer-reviewed papers from databases including Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, PEDro, Ovid PsycINFO, and EBSCO CINAHL from the year 2000 to August 28, 2023, and included forward and backward searches. The search was updated on March 1, 2024. Empirical studies were included if they involved (1) individuals aged 55 years or older living independently and (2) focused on interactions and adaptations between older adults and wearables and voice-activated virtual assistants in interventions for a minimum period of 8 weeks. Data extraction was informed by the selection and optimization with compensation framework and the sex- and gender-based analysis plus theoretical framework and used a directed content analysis approach. The search yielded 16,143 papers. Following title and abstract screening and a full-text review, 5 papers met the inclusion criteria. Study populations were mostly female participants and aged 73-83 years from the United States and engaged with voice-activated virtual assistants accessed through smart speakers and wearables. Users frequently used simple commands related to music and weather, integrating devices into daily routines. However, communication barriers often led to frustration due to devices' inability to recognize cues or provide personalized responses. The findings suggest that while older adults can integrate smart technologies into their lives, a lack of customization and user-friendly interfaces hinder long-term adoption and satisfaction. The studies highlight the need for technology to be further developed so they can better meet this demographic's evolving needs and call for research addressing small sample sizes and limited diversity. Our findings highlight a critical need for continued research into the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between smart technologies and older adults over time. Future studies should focus on more diverse populations and extend monitoring periods to provide deeper insights into the coadaptation process. Insights gained from this review are vital for informing the development of more intuitive, user-centric smart technology solutions to better support the aging population in maintaining independence and enhancing their quality of life. RR2-10.2196/51129.

Scale-up of Global Child and Youth Mental Health Services: A Scoping Review

Numerous influential policy and scientific bodies are calling for more rapid advances in the scale-up of child and youth mental health services (CYMHS). A number of CYMHS innovations hold promise for advancing scale-up but little is known about how real-world efforts are progressing. We conducted a scoping review to identify promising approaches to CYMHS scale-up across the globe. Searches were completed in six databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science). Article selection and synthesis were conducted in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. A second search focused on low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) was conducted based on the Cochrane Library recommended search filters of the World Bank listed LMIC countries. Authors used a double coding strategy during the title/abstract and full-text review. Twenty-eight articles meeting the eligibility criteria were identified that described 22 initiatives (in 11 different countries). Our review found the majority of published scale-up studies in CYMHS were not informed by scale-up frameworks in design or reporting. The methods and outcomes used in the identified articles were highly variable and limited our ability to draw conclusions about comparative effectiveness although promising approaches emerged. Successes and failures identified in our review largely reflect consensus in the broader literature regarding the need for strategies to better navigate the complexities of system and policy implementation while ensuring CYMHS interventions fit local contexts.

Diagnostic Overshadowing of Chronic Hepatitis C in People With Mental Health Conditions Who Inject Drugs: A Scoping Review.

Diagnostic overshadowing refers to a phenomenon whereby people with mental health conditions encounter inadequate or delayed medical attention and misdiagnosis. This occurs when physical symptoms are mistakenly attributed to their mental health condition. This paper presents a scoping review focusing on direct causes and background factors of diagnostic overshadowing in the context of hepatitis C infection in people who inject drugs and have concurrent mental health conditions. Despite significant strides in hepatitis C treatment with direct-acting antiviral drugs, the complex interplay of mental health conditions and physical symptoms necessitates a nuanced approach for accurate diagnosis and effective screening. This review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. The databases searched included Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Global Health, CINAHL and Scopus. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search strategies identified 1995 records. Overall, 166 studies were excluded. Forty-two (42) studies met the inclusion criteria. Three (n = 3) studies represented direct causes, and 39 (n = 39) with background factors related to diagnostic overshadowing. Studies highlighted six key themes encompassing diagnostic overshadowing, with communication barriers, stigma and knowledge deficiencies being the most prominent. Recognising and addressing diagnostic overshadowing in chronic hepatitis C will lead to increased screening, diagnosis and timely administration of life-saving antiviral therapy, resulting in profound enhancements in well-being and health outcomes. Moreover, this proactive approach will play a pivotal role in advancing the global effort towards eliminating hepatitis C by 2030.

Linguistically responsive learning and teaching for non-native speakers in undergraduate nursing education: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionNon-native-speaking nursing students as well as faculty, preceptors and mentors face specific issues related to language in undergraduate nursing education. A better understanding of the language experiences, needs, requirements, assessments...

Foregut Erosion Related to Biomedical Implants: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Biomedical devices implanted transabdominally have gained popularity over the past 50 years in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, paraesophageal hiatal hernia, and morbid obesity. Device-related foregut erosions (FEs) represent a challenging event that demands special attention owing to the potential of severe postoperative complications and death. Purpose: The aim was to provide an overview of full-thickness foregut injury leading to erosion associated with four types of biomedical devices. Methods: The study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were queried until December 31, 2023. Eligible studies included all articles reporting data, management, and outcomes on device-related FE. Results: Overall, 132 articless were included for a total of 1292 patients suffering from device-related FE. Four different devices were included: the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis (AAP) (n = 25), nonabsorbable mesh for crural repair (n = 60), adjustable gastric banding (n = 1156), and magnetic sphincter augmentation device (n = 51). The elapsed time from device implant to erosion ranged from 1 to 480 months. Most commonly reported symptoms were dysphagia and epigastric pain, while acute presentation was reported rarely and mainly for gastric banding. The technique for device removal evolved from more invasive open approaches toward minimally invasive and endoscopic techniques. Esophagectomy and gastrectomy were mostly reported for nonabsorbable mesh FE. Overall mortality was .17%. Conclusions: Device-related FE is rare but may occur many years after AAP, nonabsorbable mesh, adjustable gastric banding, and magnetic sphincter augmentation implant. FE-related mortality is infrequent, however, increased postoperative morbidity and the need for esophagogastric resection were observed for nonabsorbable mesh-reinforced cruroplasty.

Perceptions and attitudes of health science students relating to artificial intelligence (AI): A scoping review.

The recent integration of artificial intelligence (AI) across education, research, and clinical healthcare has led to a growing interest in AI training for healthcare students. This scoping review seeks to delve into existing literature, aiming to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes, of health science students toward the implementation of AI in their field. This review followed the methodological guidance offered by Arksey and O'Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A systematic search was conducted in the databases Medline, Emcare, and Scopus. Studies using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were eligible if they explored the perceptions or attitudes of health science students in relation to AI. Relevant data from eligible articles was extracted and analyzed using narrative synthesis. Ten studies were included. Articles reported on the primary outcomes of perceptions (i.e., thoughts, ideas, satisfaction, etc.) and attitudes (i.e., beliefs, tendencies, etc.). Disciplines included nursing, diagnostic radiography, pharmacy, midwifery, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and speech pathology were featured. Overall, students felt positively about the potential benefits AI would have on their future work. Students' interest and willingness to learn about AI was also favorable. Studies evaluating attitudes found positive correlations between attitudes toward AI, AI utilization, and intention to use AI. Negative perceptions related to threats of job security, and a lack of realism associated with AI software. Overall, evidence from this review indicates that health science students' worldwide hold positive perceptions toward AI. Educators should focus on instilling positive attitudes toward AI, given correlations between AI exposure and intention to adopt AI.

Antimicrobial Stewardship in Ireland (2010-2021): a scoping review protocol

Background Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASP) are essential in promoting responsible antimicrobial use, reducing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and health care-associated infections. In 2009 the Strategy for the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance in Ireland (SARI), Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Working Group published guidance on antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in hospitals. This paper presents a protocol for a scoping review which aims to examine the current literature to evaluate progress related to the implementation of the SARI (2009) guidance on antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals in Ireland. Methods This scoping review will be conducted in line with the five-stage methodological framework by Arksey & O’Mally 2005. We will search the following databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science) and targeted websites for articles and reports for possible inclusion in our review. Studies pertaining to AMS undertaken or related to the Republic of Ireland from January 2010 until December 2021 will be included. We will include all study designs. We will map all selected publications to the recommendations of the SARI (2009) guidance document. The protocol follows the guidance of Peters et al., 2022. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and reports to assess eligibility with any discrepancies resolved by consensus discussion with a third reviewer. Results These will be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR)and this checklist will be included when the scoping review is published. Conclusion This scoping review will map studies and reports to evaluate AMS in relation to national guidelines without restriction on study design or outcomes in the Republic of Ireland. This information has the potential to provide a valuable resource for the implementation of future AMS research and interventions.

Patient satisfaction and digital health in primary health care: a scoping review protocol.

Using digital health in primary health care (PHC) contributes to reducing costs and travel time, achieving global development goals, improving access, quality and longitudinality of care, and managing health crises. Its evaluation must go beyond the technical-operational aspects to include patient satisfaction, a key element in assessing the quality of care. To identify and map patient satisfaction (expectations, desires, cultural values) about the adoption of digital health strategies and assess their impact on the quality of care in PHC. The review will follow the recommendations proposed by the Joanna's Briggs Institute (JBI) manual, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the methodology proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al. and will be conducted in nine stages. The search will be conducted in health studies databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and BVS), gray literature, and preprint repositories (Google Scholar and MedRxiv). Two reviewers will select the studies, and the third will analyze possible conflicts. The inclusion criteria comprise studies that have been made available in their entirety, whether they are primary studies or short communications, as well as the following materials extracted from the gray literature: preprints, manuals, government documents, books, guidelines, theses and dissertations. Exclusion criteria include literature reviews, abstracts, books, conference archives, letters to the editor, duplicates and opinion articles. Data will be analyzed by content analysis and inferential statistics. This protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) under DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/PUJDB. The study aims to understand aspects related to the expectations, desires, and cultural values of patients from different countries, as well as the strengths and critical nodes of the use of digital health on the quality of care in PHC.

Training Service Users in the Use of Telehealth: Scoping Review.

The use of telehealth has rapidly increased, yet some populations may be disproportionally excluded from accessing and using this modality of care. Training service users in telehealth may increase accessibility for certain groups. The extent and nature of these training activities have not been explored. The objective of this scoping review is to identify and describe activities for training service users in the use of telehealth. Five databases (MEDLINE [via PubMed], Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched in June 2023. Studies that described activities to train service users in the use of synchronous telehealth consultations were eligible for inclusion. Studies that focused on health care professional education were excluded. Papers were limited to those published in the English language. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews and was reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Titles and abstracts were screened by 1 reviewer (EG). Full texts were screened by 2 reviewers (EG and JH or SC). Data extraction was guided by the research question. The search identified 8087 unique publications. In total, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Telehealth training was commonly described as once-off preparatory phone calls to service users before a telehealth visit, facilitated primarily by student volunteers, and accompanied by written instructions. The training content included guidance on how to download and install software, troubleshoot technical issues, and adjust device settings. Older adults were the most common target population for the training. All but 1 of the studies were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, training was feasible and well-received by service users, and studies mostly reported increased rates of video visits following training. There was limited and mixed evidence that training improved participants' competency with telehealth. The review mapped the literature on training activities for service users in telehealth. The common features of telehealth training for service users included once-off preparatory phone calls on the technical elements of telehealth, targeted at older adults. Key issues for consideration include the need for co-designed training and improving the broader digital skills of service users. There is a need for further studies to evaluate the outcomes of telehealth training activities in geographically diverse areas.

Vision-Specific Tools for the Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) in Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairment: A Scoping Review.

Vision-related quality-of-life (QoL) measures offer a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of eye conditions and the effectiveness of treatment on important aspects of QoL. A substantial number of tools for assessing health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in adults have been reviewed. However, despite the high prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors causing visual impairment (VI) in children, there is a notable lack of similar tools for this vulnerable population. This review aimed to systemically map evidence on the availability and use of vision-specific instruments for assessing HR-QoL in children and adolescents with VI. This review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines (2020) and the framework by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al. (2010). We conducted systematic searches through databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus and search platforms Web of Science and EBSCOhost to source reviews published in English from the date of their inception to December 2023. The findings are reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We reviewed twenty tools, nine of which were developed for children in the United States and three of which were developed for children in developing countries; no tools specifically developed for children in Africa were found. In the reviewed papers, the tools were presented to children, parents, or proxies in an interview or questionnaire format. For most of the tools, reliability was assessed using internal consistency (n = 12) and test-retest reliability (n = 12). The most dominant measures of validity were construct (n = 16), content (n = 8), internal (n = 4), and criterion (n = 4). There appears to be a need for more tools developed for children in middle-low-income countries, especially for African children.

Work-related smartphone use during off-job hours and work-life conflict: A scoping review.

Over recent decades the use of smartphones for work purposes has burgeoned both within and beyond working hours. The aim of the study was to conduct a scoping review to explore the association between the use of smartphone technology for work purposes in off-job hours with employees' self-reported work-life conflict. Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework was adopted. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), Academic Search Complete, ProQuest Central, Web of Science, ProQuest Theses, Emerald, Business Source Complete, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar. Articles were eligible that reported on a sample of workers, were published in English between 1st January 2012 and 29th November 2023. The review was conducted and reported using a quality assessment checklist and PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Data charting and synthesis was undertaken narratively, using the framework approach and thematic analysis. Twenty-three studies were identified, conducted in nine countries. Nineteen studies (83%) showed a significant association between increased use of smartphone for work purposes in off job-hours and increased work-life conflict, with small-to-moderate effect sizes. This relationship was mediated by psychological detachment from work, and communication about family demands with one's supervisor. Moderators either strengthened or attenuated the relationship between use of smartphone for work purposes in off job-hours and increased work-life conflict. Findings suggest that smartphone use during off-job hours is likely to impact negatively on work-life conflict, which has implications for employee wellbeing. Managers could play a key role in clarifying expectations about after-hours availability, reducing job pressure, advocating psychological detachment from work in off-job hours where it is appropriate, and creating a workplace culture where communication about the interplay between work and home life is encouraged. The protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WFZU6).

Patient adherence in orthodontics: a protocol for a scoping review

BackgroundPatient adherence is a key factor in achieving orthodontic success. While in recent years there have been changes in orthodontic healthcare, no recent comprehensive reviews regarding adherence in orthodontics are available. Therefore, the aim of this planned scoping review is to systematically map the available literature regarding patient adherence in orthodontics to identify factors associated with patient adherence and to investigate if there are knowledge gaps in the available literature.Methods/designThis protocol was drafted according to guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). For the methods Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Reviewer’s Manual of the Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting scoping reviews were consulted. The inclusion criteria for this scoping review are studies of all designs assessing any form of adherence in orthodontics, published in English from 2006 onwards. The exclusion criteria are studies investigating adherence in the following patients: those with an intellectual or physical disability that could affect their ability to coincide with their therapist’s recommendations and advice, those with oral cleft and craniofacial conditions, and those solely treated for obstructive sleep apnoea. Case reports and studies published in non peer reviewed journals will also be excluded. The following electronic databases will be searched: Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection. The following key terms will be used in the search strategies: ‘treatment adherence and compliance’, and ‘orthodontics’. Multiple reviewers will independently screen the results and perform the data charting process. A narrative description will be provided for the analysis of the included studies. The results will be categorized into multiple topics based on recommendations by previous studies into patient adherence. Identified knowledge gaps will be reported and recommendations for future research will be suggested.DiscussionNo systematic review has previously assessed this exact topic. Because of the broad-spectrum research questions and the expected widely scattered literature a scoping review approach was chosen over a systematic review approach. The Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) has been conducting research in patient adherence in orthodontics up to 2006 and therefore only studies published from 2006 onwards will be researched in this review. Identifying knowledge gaps and summarizing and disseminating research findings on this topic is important for every dental professional performing orthodontic treatment. This protocol is registered in the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/ec6qd

Humanitarian health education and training state-of-the-art: a scoping review.

In the past decade, humanitarian emergencies have been increasing, leading to an higher demand for humanitarian health professionalization. Education and training are critical for preparing these workers to provide effective care during crises. Understanding the current state-of-the-art in humanitarian health education is essential to inform research and development of future educational programs. This review surveys the peer-reviewed literature to provide insights into the current thinking in the field. A review was conducted in March 2023 and updated in May 2024 using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Education Resources Information Center databases for English-language peer-reviewed articles published since January 2013. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and presented as a narrative descriptive summary. After screening, 32 articles met the inclusion criteria. The themes of the selected articles focus on education and training frameworks, mapping, and programs. Despite the growing opportunities, most education and training programs are based in the Global North. The gaps identified include a lack of standardized curriculum or competency frameworks and evaluation frameworks to guide the development and evaluation of further standardized training programs. Interdisciplinary and collaborative partnerships, iterative design, and mixed teaching methods and modalities, including e-learning, facilitated successful training. However, logistical and technical constraints and the lack of standardized training frameworks were barriers to developing, implementing, and evaluating such training programs. This review provides an overview of the humanitarian health education trends over the last decade and identifies key areas for future educational development and research. The findings emphasize the importance of adapting interdisciplinary and collaborative partnerships and prioritizing the training of local staff through regional centers, local leadership, and accessible e-learning, including e-simulation. The review also highlights the need for continued research and evaluation of humanitarian health education and training programs with standardized metrics to evaluate training programs and identify areas for improvement. These steps will help ensure that humanitarian health professionals receive adequate training to provide effective healthcare in crisis situations.

The Impact of Regular Physical Activity on the Mental Health and Well-Being of Dementia Patients in High-Income Countries-A Systematic Scoping Review.

Background: Dementia is a term used to describe a group of symptoms impacting memory, thinking, and social abilities. Evidence suggests a positive role of physical activity in physical and mental well-being in general. This systematic scoping review aimed to gather, summarise, and analyse evidence of the impact of physical activity on the mental health and well-being of dementia patients. Methods: A comprehensive systematic search of mainly primary research was conducted using several databases. Peer-reviewed studies in high-income countries published between 2005 and 2023 were included. The systematic scoping review was performed using the framework outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) statement. Results: Twenty-four articles (including 93,984 participants) were included in the analysis. Most articles (21) reported that physical activity (particularly regular physical activity) is associated with decreased depression score, decreased cognition impairment, and fewer falls, all of which contributed to improved well-being among dementia patients. These studies showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the level of physical activity and the level of improvement in the mental health and well-being of dementia patients. Conclusions: Findings from this systematic scoping review provide relatively reliable evidence that regular physical activity may improve the mental health and well-being of dementia patients. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses may be required to further confirm these findings.

EHealth-Integrated Psychosocial and Physical Interventions for Chronic Pain in Older Adults: Scoping Review.

Chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) is highly present among older adults, affecting their physical, psychological, and social functioning. A biopsychosocial multimodal approach to CNCP management is currently extensively suggested by international clinical practice guidelines. Recently, the growing development and application of eHealth within pain management has yielded encouraging results in terms of effectiveness and feasibility; however, its use among the older population remains underexamined. The overall aim of this scoping review was to systematically map existing literature about eHealth multimodal interventions (including both physical and psychosocial components) targeting older adults with CNCP. This review adhered to the JBI methodology, a protocol was a priori registered as a preprint on the medRxiv platform, and the results were reported according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) were systematically searched for relevant articles. Studies were included if they reported on multimodal interventions (including both physical and psychosocial components) delivered through any eHealth modality to an older population with any type of CNCP. Two reviewers selected the studies: first by screening titles and abstracts and second by screening full-text articles. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs. The results of the studies were summarized narratively. A total of 9 studies (n=6, 67% published between 2021 and 2023) with quality rated as medium to high were included, of which 7 (78%) were randomized controlled trials (n=5, 71% were pilot and feasibility studies). All the included studies evaluated self-management interventions, most of them (n=7, 78%) specifically designed for older adults. The participants were aged between 65 and 75 years on average (mean 68.5, SD 3.5 y) and had been diagnosed with different types of CNCP (eg, osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain). Most of the included studies (5/9, 56%) involved the use of multiple eHealth modalities, with a higher use of web-based programs and video consulting. Only 1 (11%) of the 9 studies involved a virtual reality-based intervention. The evaluated interventions showed signs of effectiveness in the targeted biopsychosocial outcomes, and the participants' engagement and ratings of satisfaction were generally positive. However, several research gaps were identified and discussed. Overall, of late, there has been a growing interest in the potential that eHealth multimodal interventions offer in terms of improving pain, physical, and psychosocial outcomes in older adults with CNCP. However, existing literature on this topic still seems scarce and highly heterogeneous, with few proper randomized controlled trials, precluding robust conclusions. Several gaps emerged in terms of the older population considered and the lack of evaluation of comorbidities. RR2-10.1101/2023.07.27.23293235.

Future support on evidence-informed priority setting and situational analysis of the potential role of Health Technology Assessment in Africa to support future pandemic preparedness and response: protocol for a scoping review

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of evidence-informed priority setting and situational analysis in pandemic preparedness and response. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) has been identified as an essential tool for evidence-informed decision-making in healthcare. However, the potential role of HTA in pandemic preparedness and response in Africa has yet to be explored. The objective of this scoping review is to ascertain the current understanding of the possible role of HTA in Africa to support future pandemic preparedness and response.MethodsWe will conduct a scoping review of literature published between 2010 and 2024. Electronic databases like Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar will be utilized to perform the search. We will also search grey literature sources such as websites of relevant organizations and government agencies. The search will only include studies that were conducted in the English language. Two reviewers will evaluate the titles and abstracts of the publications independently to determine their eligibility using Covidence. Full-text articles will be reviewed for eligibility and data extraction. The data will be extracted using a standardized form. The extracted data will include information on the study design, objectives, methods, findings, and conclusions. The thematic analysis approach will guide the data analysis. Themes and sub-themes will be identified and reported. The review will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.DiscussionThis scoping review will identify the existing knowledge on the potential role of HTA in Africa to support future pandemic preparedness and response. The findings will aid in identifying deficiencies in knowledge and provide valuable insights for future study. Additionally, they will inform policy-makers and other stakeholders about the potential contribution of the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in enhancing Africa’s readiness and response to pandemics.