Prefabricated Panels Research Articles

Comparative Studies on In-Plane Shear Behavior of Masonry Wallettes Retrofitted with Mortar, UHPC, and ECC Ferrocement: Shotcrete and Prefabricated Panels

Masonry walls, prevalent in many historical and contemporary structures, often require retrofitting to meet modern safety and performance standards. Motivated by the need for efficient and reliable retrofitting solutions, this research investigates the potential of various types of ferrocement, reinforced with high-strength steel meshes, to enhance the in-plane shear behavior of brick masonry walls. Through rigorous diagonal compression tests on nine masonry wallettes, the study evaluated the performance of ferrocement overlays in terms of overlay configuration (asymmetric or symmetric), cementitious material type (mortar, ECC, or UHPC), the presence or absence of steel mesh, and construction method (shotcrete or prefabricated panels). The results indicated that UHPC and ECC overlays significantly enhanced post-cracking deformation capacity. Compared to the asymmetric retrofit, the symmetric retrofit led to more uniform deformation in the retrofitted wallette, effectively improving the maximum shear by up to 119 %. While UHPC shotcrete was more effective in improving the shear strength, ECC shotcrete led to the highest rupture shear strain and pseudo-ductility for the retrofitted wallette, reaching 0.83 % and 17.2, respectively. Moreover, although steel mesh inclusion in the ferrocement overlay was crucial in enhancing post-peak ductility, its impact on shear strength of the retrofitted wallettes was minimal. The test results also demonstrated that the developed prefabricated UHPC panels emerged as an effective retrofitting solution to simultaneously improve the strength, deformation capacity, and ductility for masonry wallettes. In addition to the experimental investigation, a new strength model, accounting for various key design variables, was developed, offering reliable shear strength predictions for the retrofitted wallettes.

Mechanical investigation of alkali-activated prefabricated sustainable wall panels using ashes and stone dust

There is an increasing trend for the development of sustainable structural elements. Because of the massive scale, sustainable materials, methods, and practices can make a significant difference in the construction industry. This research uses locally available wastes like bagasse ash, fly ash, and stone dust along with silty clay for the development of versatile prefabricated wall panels. The goal is to find an optimized design of wall panels based on strength, weight, and cost. 20 panels were cast by varying three material compositions and two Na2SiO3/NaOH (SS/SH) ratios. The results show that wall panels have adequate strength to take care of the flexural and axial loading for houses. Based on weight /density clay-based panels are 5.7 % and stone dust-based panels are 5 % lighter than cement-based panels. The stone dust-based ferrocement geopolymer panel with a 1.5 SS/SH ratio has attained an ultimate load of 125 kN, which is close to the cement-based ferrocement panel load of 136 kN. The material cost of GPC wall panels is nearly similar to a brick masonry wall. However, in the case of cement panels, the cost is 47 % less than that of the brick masonry wall. At the same time, cement panels can have an adverse impact on the environment, firstly by reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and secondly by utilization of waste ashes damaging the environment.

Development of a Non-Structural Prefabricated Panel Based on Construction and Demolition Waste for Sustainable Construction

The study focuses on developing a prefabricated panel for non-structural purposes by optimizing mortar mix designs incorporating recycled microplastic (RMP) and construction demolition waste (CDW) at various ratios (0, 10, 20, 30, and 100%). Experimental procedures encompassed material characterization, mortar specimen manufacturing, compression resistance testing, and thermal/acoustic panel tests following Colombian technical standards. Results indicate that incorporating 20% CDW enhances material strength, with cylinder number 3 (20% of CDW) achieving a resistance of 31.45 MPa. Panels incorporating recyclable waste materials show improved acoustic and thermal insulation properties, with up to 39 dB reduction in sound transmission and a 21 °C decrease in thermal transmission observed (5.6% and 35% for panel and door, respectively). This research advances sustainable construction practices demonstrating the potential of prefabricated panels using recyclable materials, offering eco-friendly solutions with enhanced performance characteristics for construction applications.

Integrated rehabilitation of reinforced concrete buildings: Combining seismic retrofit by means of low-damage exoskeleton and energy refurbishment using multi-functional prefabricated facade

The European building stock was mostly built before the mid-20th century and is characterized by buildings with high energy demand and high seismic vulnerability. Integrated upgrading interventions are therefore urgently needed for moving towards a more resilient community. In this study, rehabilitation interventions are proposed for reinforced concrete buildings to improve their energy efficiency as well as their structural/seismic performance. An integrated refurbishment aiming at structural, architectural, and energy upgrading is targeted. Energy retrofitting with multifunctional wood-based prefabricated modular facades has been evaluated, as capable of reducing heat consumption by an average of 84 % in different climate zones. More specifically, an exoskeleton system consisting of Prestressed Laminated timber (Pres-Lam) technology is considered, which will act as a structural support-skeleton system for a high-performance “double-skin” solution composed of prefabricated panels. This solution can reduce the seismic risk class in high seismic zones. The seismic-energetic integrated intervention is developed for a representative case study building and evaluated with reference to different climates and seismic zones. Furthermore, a preliminary cost-benefit analysis of the integrated solution has been performed, showing higher benefits when compared to the sole energy retrofit. Specifically, considering the seismic retrofit interventions, the cost analysis pointed out that moving up to higher-use classes results in higher performance and costs. Nevertheless, approximately comparable breakeven times have been obtained in the same seismic region by achieving higher targets. The proposed integrated solution is a promising alternative to demolition and reconstruction, providing a deep energy renovation and structural retrofit, avoiding inevitable waste production, additional energy consumption, and C02 emissions; and allowing for a sustainable renovation of the existing building stock.

Flexural performance of GFRP-sheathed cold-formed steel composite panel filled with lightweight phosphogypsum

To develop lightweight, high-strength and environmentally friendly prefabricated panels, this paper proposed a novel GFRP plate-sheathed cold-formed steel (CFS) composite panel (GFRP-CFS panel) filled with lightweight phosphogypsum (LPG) and investigated its flexural performance experimentally, numerically and theoretically. Firstly, nine full-scale specimens were subjected to four-point bending test. The effects of the number, web height, thickness and arrangement of the longitudinal CFS studs, the number of lateral CFS studs, and the support connection on the flexural performance were discussed. Results indicate that the failure mode of the GFRP-CFS panels was debonding of GFRP plate in the compression zone at midspan and local buckling of CFS below the loading point. The strain of GFRP plate always lagged behind that of the CFS stud at the corresponding position, and the built-up cross section of the panel no longer conformed to the plane-section assumption. In addition, a nonlinear finite element modelling (FEM) analysis based on DIANA software was conducted to validate the test results. The load-deflection response, strain response and failure mode from the FEM analyses were in good agreement with the test results. Furthermore, based on the theoretical analysis considering the bond-slip effect between GFRP and CFS, a closed-form solution for the GFRP utilization coefficient was derived. The effect of different variables on the GFRP utilization coefficient was analyzed through parametric analysis. Finally, the calculation method for the flexural strength and ultimate deflection of GFRP-CFS panels were established, and the predicted results were in good agreement with test results. Therefore, the developed GFRP-CFS panels have excellent potential for prefabricated floor and wall applications.

Advancing sustainable construction through comprehensive analysis of thermal, acoustic, and environmental properties in prefabricated panels with recycled PET materials

Acoustic and thermal insulation materials play a crucial role in the construction industry as they ensure high-performance applications. This study analyzes three recycled insulations (two derived from PET and one is EPS with graphite additives) for innovative prefabricated panels. A multiphysics, multiscale, and multiobjective approach was developed to analyze the performance of the individual materials and three prototype prefabricated panels incorporating them, combined with numerical analysis enabling the thermal transmittances assessment of a full-scale panel. Thermal investigations were conducted at both small and large scales to assess their performance. Additionally, acoustic sound insulation measurements at both scales and a LCA analysis were carried out. Thermal conductivity of the insulation layer ranges from 0.026 to 0.043 Wm−1K−1. Furthermore, the sound transmission loss exhibits a positive trend with increasing frequencies, reaching approximately 10 dB after 1600 Hz for the 15 cm thick PET insulation. EPS performs exceptionally well at low frequencies, with sound insulation peaks reaching almost 40 dB around 400 Hz. At the large scale, the weighted sound reduction index showed a 3.5 dB increase compared to the reference. The environmental assessment emphasized that 80 % of global warming potential comes from material extraction, stressing the importance of using recycled materials.

The influence of infill ALC walls on the seismic performance of prefabricated PEC T-column frames

Autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) is characterized by its light weight, high strength, fire resistance, and sound insulation, and has been widely used in industrial and civil construction. Partially encased concrete (PEC) columns exhibit good load-bearing performance, energy dissipation performance, and outstanding prefabrication performance. In order to study the influence of embedded prefabricated ALC wall panels on the seismic performance of assembled PEC T-shaped column frames, this study conducted low-cycle reversed loading tests on a two-story PEC T-shaped column pure frame and a two-story assembled PEC T-shaped column frame with ALC wall panels. This paper draws detailed comparisons between the failure modes and skeleton curves of the two frames. Analysis of the experimental results indicates that the stiffness contribution of infill walls is primarily affected by local compression and exhibits a negative correlation with the wall-frame lateral stiffness ratio. Furthermore, the presence of ALC walls can significantly increase the initial stiffness of the assembled frame. Therefore, based on the existing theoretical basis, a calculation model and method based on the interaction between infill wall panels and frames are proposed. The frame was numerically simulated using finite element software to study the factors affecting the initial stiffness of the frame, and a relationship formula for the wall stiffness reduction coefficient aw was obtained. The calculated lateral stiffness obtained from the formula was compared with the experimental results of this paper and other studies, proving that the model provides a safe result for the design and application of PEC T-shaped column frames filled with ALC walls, and can provide a reference for engineering practice.

A meta-analysis of sound isolation properties of various modular prefabricated wall systems

The current meta-analysis focuses on airborne sound isolation performances for modular prefabricated wall panels. As many properties may be varied in prefabricated wall assemblies, relying only on measurements either on prototypes in a lab or in situ tests would require a significant amount of resources. Understanding the precision and limitations of theoretical evaluation methods is, therefore, a must. A comparison of theoretical predictions with lab and field measurements (as per ASTM E90 or E336) is performed on multilayer systems up to a double wall panel system which incorporates four layers (two panels each composed of two layers). This allows a better appreciation of theoretical predictions of modular prefabricated wall systems.

Evaluation of the seismic performance of novel bundled connections precast shear walls under cyclic loading

AbstractThis study proposes a novel precast shear wall connection method for connecting upper and lower wall panels. The vertical steel bars within the lower prefabricated wall panels are bundled and extended into pre‐designed holes within the upper prefabricated shear walls. Subsequently, high‐performance grouting materials are utilized to fill these pre‐designed holes. Cyclic load tests were conducted on all full‐scale specimens to evaluate the seismic performance of the proposed novel connected precast shear walls and compared with the seismic performance of the cast‐in‐place shear wall specimens. The findings reveal that the proposed novel precast shear wall connection method performs comparably to cast‐in‐situ shear walls, exhibiting almost identical results in terms of load‐bearing capacity, stiffness, and ductility. Furthermore, investigations into the removal and retention of metal bellows within the prefabricated holes, as well as the effects of additional reinforcement on the top of these holes, demonstrated no significant improvement in seismic performance. Finally, the reliability of the connection method was verified by analyzing the strain changes of the vertical steel bars in the precast holes of the precast shear wall. This study can provide a reference for promoting new connections in prefabricated structures.

Initiative to Increase the Circularity of HDPE Waste in the Construction Industry: A Physico-Mechanical Characterization of New Sustainable Gypsum Products

The annual production of plastic waste worldwide has doubled in just two decades, with approximately 390 million tonnes of plastic waste now being generated. In this context, the construction industry must move towards the development of new, more sustainable materials made under circular economy criteria. In this work, a physico-mechanical characterisation of gypsum composites with the incorporation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste, replacing 2–4–6–8–10% by volume of the original raw material, has been conducted. The results show how the incorporation of these plastic wastes improves the water resistance of the gypsum material without additions, as well as producing a decrease in thermal conductivity and greater resistance to impact. On the other hand, it has been found that, as the percentage of recycled raw material added increases, the mechanical resistance to bending and compression decreases, leading to fracture due to a lack of cohesion between the matrix and the waste. Nevertheless, in all the cases studied, mechanical strengths higher than those established by the EN 13279-2 standard were obtained. Thus, the results confirm the viability of these secondary raw materials to be used in the development of new products for sustainable building, especially in the design of prefabricated panels for false ceilings.

Bonding Performance of Preservative-Treated Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Posttreated with CU-Based Preservatives

Abstract To expand the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) to exterior applications, there is a need to protect the panels from biodegrading agents such as fungi and termites. Pressure treatments are effective methods of increasing the durability of wood and wood-based products; however, studies on pressure-treated CLT are limited. In this study, preservative-treated CLT samples from prefabricated CLT panels were prepared and impregnated with Cu-based preservatives through a conventional vacuum-pressure process. The effects of panel layup (3-ply parallel, 3-ply perpendicular, and 5-ply parallel) and preservative treatment (untreated [control], copper azole-type C [CA-C], and micronized copper azole-type [MCA]) on the bonding performance were investigated. Panel layup and preservative treatment had a significant influence on the block shear strength and percentage of wood failure (WFP) of the treated panels. Overall, approximately 60 percent of the block shear specimens had a WFP of >75 percent. However, fewer than 10 percent of the delamination specimens met the ASTM D2559 (2018) limitation of 1 percent for softwood used in outdoor applications. ASTM D2559 counts shallow wood failure as delamination, which could have been a reason for the high delamination rate. The percentage of wood failure and the high rate of delamination could be due to the moisture-induced adhesion failure resulting from the pressure-treatment process. The preservative pressure-treatment of the CLT panels increased the moisture content (MC) from 12–15 percent to approximately 85 percent MC, and the severe swelling of the panels during treatment might have imposed a high stress on the bond line. However, no noticeable delamination of the panels was observed during the actual treating phase of the study. These results show the feasibility of treating prefabricated CLT panels with CA-C and MCA preservatives without compromising the bonding strength.

Application of a retrofit system to improve the seismic and energy performances of RC framed buildings

The need to renovate the existing building stock in earthquake-prone countries is now widely recognized. In this framework, this paper aims at investigating an innovative technology for the seismic, energy and architectural renovation of RC framed buildings. This technology combines the seismic resistance provided by steel trusses with the thermal performance of wood-based panels, which are both applied to the outer building envelope.In this paper, the proposed system is applied to a pilot building located in the city of Bucharest, in Romania, to examine its effectiveness and replicability. The pilot building is a five-storey apartment block located in a suburban neighborhood of the city and representative of many coeval buildings in Bucharest that are energy-intensive and earthquakes-prone since they were built before the enforcement of effective seismic and energy efficiency standards.The proposed retrofit methodology involves designing wood-based prefabricated panels and steel trusses according to criteria of structural strengthening and energy efficiency, standardization in manufacturing process, fast installation, and architectural integration. Furthermore, the parametric modeling in BIM environment of the above-mentioned components enables controlling their size, quantity, manufacturing, cost, and arrangement on the building façade to optimize the construction and installation processes.

Seismic behavior of large concrete panel prefabricated structures in relation to structural joints

There is evidence of good performance against large magnitude earthquakes, of the buildings built with the I-464 system in Armenia and Chile. This is a system made up of prefabricated panels and slabs, which are joined through wet joints; rigid at the level of the superstructure and articulated in a continuous foundation of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete. However, the possibility of the appearance of potential seismic damage in buildings built in Santiago of Cuba is not ruled out, due to the state of deterioration of the elements and joints, as well as the structural transformations carried out by the residents. That is why this research is designed as a purpose, to analyze the seismic behavior in relation to the structural joints. To meet this objective, 16 hypothetical variants are evaluated, which are prepared based on the statistical analysis of the diagnosis made to a sample of 200 buildings, as well as 4 variants that correspond to the original typologies. Multi-mass models are used for the dynamic analysis by SAP 2000 v20, where the joints between the precast elements were not explicitly modeled and were assumed to be rigid. The calculation requests in the joints were obtained through 442 ‘section cuts’ in each of the five-level variants and 367 ‘section cuts’ in the four-level variants. Then, both the resistance of the concrete to shearing and the resistance of the weld seams that join the protruding steel bars are evaluated, as well as checking the possibility of creep of these bars. It is concluded that only in the 5-level variants, where pathological damage is contemplated, there is a danger of failure of horizontal joints because the steel can reach the design stress and flow. Likewise, vertical joints can fail due to shear and due to the creep of the steel.

Investigating the disparities between experimental and computational analyses of thermal performance in prefabricated wall panels

Prefabricated buildings are increasingly popular worldwide, driven by technological advancements and the demand for sustainable and energy-efficient construction. However, the thermal performance of typical multi-layered and compacted prefabricated wall panels remains uncertain, leading to overdesigned HVAC and building envelope systems. This results in higher utility bills, unnecessary expenses, and increased material, labor, and transportation costs. While experimental analysis and computational simulations have proven effective for measuring the thermal performance of on-site wall panels (e.g., precast concrete, masonry), their effectiveness for exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS) prefab wall panels is unclear. This study aims to test the hypothesis that both experimental and computational analyses accurately measure the thermal performance of EIFS prefab wall panels under various climate conditions and yield to similar results. To achieve this, (1) experimental test analysis was conducted in an environmental chamber based on ASTM C1363 and ISO 8990 standards, and (2) computational simulation was conducted by employing THERM® at hot (65 °C) and cold (−16 °C) climates. The results showed that the experimental thermal resistance exceeded the computational thermal resistance by about 17% across hot and cold climates. These thermal resistances were then incorporated into a typical hospital building prototype in the U.S. modeled by U.S. Department of Energy in EnergyPlus™, resulting in substantial cost savings of approximately $396,000 over a 20-year lifespan due to the thermal resistance variations between experimental and computational analyses. The savings were achieved through a reduction in construction costs, accurate HVAC system selection, and lower utility bills. This study contributes to the improvement of prefabricated building design and energy performance analysis, leading to potential cost reductions in HVAC and building envelope system overdesign.

Study of the hygroscopic properties of environmentally friendly lightened composites through waste recovery

Gypsum-plaster is becoming an ideal binder in the valorisation and recovery of waste for designing more sustainable composites. Nevetheless, the main limitation of plaster lies in its susceptibility to the action of water. In this research, a complete study of the hygroscopic properties of a new material has been carried out, in which plaster material has been partially substituted in mass by dissolved expanded polystyrene waste in percentages of 8.8% to 26.5%. Additionally, fibres from end-of-life tyres have been incorporated at 1.2% by mass to improve the strength and durability of the compounds, achieving a total reduction of up to 28% of the original raw materials. The experimental campaign delves into the water performance of this new plaster composites through mercury porosimetry tests, water absorption by capillarity, total water absorption, water vapour permeability, Karsten Tube penetration, water-stove cycles, as well as the analysis of images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. The main results obtained show a reduction of 97.8% in surface water absorption, as well as a decrease of up to 17.44% in water vapour permeability compared to traditional plaster. Moreover, the developed materials exhibit good mechanical behaviour after undergoing several accelerated ageing cycles. This work highlights the potential of the new plaster composites designed to produce a more sustainable alternative to commercial prefabricated boards and panels, especially suitable for use in interior rooms where high resistance to the action of water is required.

Mitigation of high-speed train induced surface vibrations by open trench with aerated concrete panel walls

The aim of this study is to examine the vibration behavior of a special test building close to the high-speed railway line. The surface wave propagation in the most unfavorable geotechnical conditions produced by the moving load source under passively isolated and non-isolated site conditions. For this purpose, special prefabricated panels with low impedance were used to be placed in the trench. Isolation effectiveness of open trench with thin aerated concrete walls is studied on structural response and free-field surface ground vibrations. An important isolation performance of up to 12 dB was obtained only at the half-wavelength depth of excavation.

Automated generation of stacking plans for prefabricated panels transported by A-frame trailers

Prefabrication is a sustainable construction method that improves productivity and reduces environmental footprints. Prefabricated panel is one typical type of components widely used in practice. When designing panel stacking plans for transportation, practitioners should consider numerous practical factors, e.g., panel stability and reshufflings. However, in current practice, stacking plans are made on the basis of planners’ intuition and experience. A scientific method that can yield satisfactory panel stacking plans is thus required. Motivated by this real need, this paper aims to address a practical problem for practitioners: how to stack prefabricated panels transported by A-frame trailers with high stability and little reshuffling. This paper extends the literature by innovatively formulating a bi-objective mixed-integer programming model that incorporates all the aforementioned factors and objectives. A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is designed to approximate the Pareto optimal solutions. We conduct extensive numerical experiments to validate the effectiveness, efficiency, and applicability of our proposed model and algorithm. The developed model and algorithm are capable of automatically performing calculations and effectively generating vertical stacking plans of high quality for planners in real-world settings within seconds. Future research may be devoted to the optimization of stacking plans for other types of prefabricated components or the horizontal stacking plans for components transported by flat-bed trailers.

Seismic behaviour of assembled monolithic concrete coupling beams through tests of two-story coupled shear walls

In the prefabricated concrete shear wall structure, in order to further improve the construction efficiency, the underwindow wall and the wall pier on both sides are often prefabricated as a whole. Therefore, the assemble integral coupling beam is composed of a prefabricated under-window wall, a cast-in-place strip and a prefabricated upper-window wall. The failure mode of this type assemble integral coupling beam under cyclic loading has not been reported. Because the wall under the window is also merged into the coupling beam, the length-to-depth ratio of the coupling beam is further reduced. However, the upper and lower walls are prefabricated standard walls with opening, which cannot be configured with inclined bars, which is a common way for cast-in-place coupling beams with relatively small length-depth ratio. In addition, how to connect the upper and lower prefabricated walls is also a key problem that affects the seismic performance. Six, two-story, full-scale assembled monolithic coupled concrete shear walls were tested to investigate the seismic behaviour of the new assemble integral coupling beam and the role of coupling beam aspect ratio (1.5, 1.85, 2.4) and connecting method (with and without grouted sleeves) between prefabricated panels on seismic performance. Two specimens were tested for each beam aspect ratio, one with a single row of grouted sleeves in the under-window panel used to splice reinforcement between the two precast panels and the other without sleeves. Test results indicate that damage in specimens with beam aspect ratios of 1.5 and 1.85 resulted from flexural yielding of beam reinforcement followed by diagonal cracking of the coupling beams, whereas damage in the specimen with larger aspect ratio (2.4) was primarily due to flexural hinging at the ends of the coupling beams. The connection details greatly affect the type and degree of damage, and more concentrated damage was observed in specimens without grouted sleeves along the interface between the precast under-window panel and cast-in-place strip. However, whether the grouted sleeve connection was used had little effect on the load capacity, deformation and stiffness of the specimens. Drift ratios at 15% drop in the peak strength ranged from 1.1% to 1.6%. The flexural capacity of the assembled integral coupling beam can be calculated as one beam according to the formula of the conventionally CIP concrete coupling beam.

Characterization of a New Lightweight Plaster Material with Superabsorbent Polymers and Perlite for Building Applications

The building sector is facing the challenge of transitioning to a more industrialized construction approach and is thus promoting the development of new materials that enable the production of lighter prefabricated products with enhanced thermal performance. This study conducts the physicochemical and mechanical characterization of a new plaster material intended for application in the building sector. The plaster material developed contains potassium polyacrylate and perlite in its composition and has been reinforced with wood, glass and polypropylene fibers to improve its physical and mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that the combined incorporation of potassium polyacrylate and expanded perlite leads to a decrease in density and thermal conductivity by 10.5% and 47%, respectively, compared to traditional plasters. In addition, the incorporation of reinforcement fibers in the plaster matrix, particularly glass fiber, improves the mechanical strength of the new material. The plaster composite developed for this research offers lightweight characteristics and improves the energy efficiency of the construction systems into which it can be integrated and is designed for use in prefabricated panels and plates especially. This progress represents a step towards more efficient industrialized construction.

Conditions on the Sustainable Housing of Foreign Workers: A Case Study of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea

This study examined the laws and policies on the provision of housing for foreign workers and the status of and problems with foreign workers’ accommodations in Gyeonggi province. This was undertaken to identify the fundamental reason for the recurring risks related to workers’ housing sustainability, such as accidents related to inadequate housing in rural areas. We first present a review of the relevant domestic laws and regulations on the construction and installation of foreign workers’ residential facilities in rural areas, as well as of the guidelines set by international organizations and the practices of other countries regarding the provision of workers’ housing. Then, we analyze the data from a survey of foreign workers’ residential facilities in Gyeonggi province using a classification of housing vulnerability to understand the current condition of foreign workers’ accommodations at the local level, including the distribution and conditions of foreign workers’ residential facilities and their compliance with the relevant laws and regulations. Comparing the principles for the provision of workers’ accommodations stipulated in Korean law with the criteria and requirements set forth by international organizations and other countries, it can be seen that Korean law is more focused on setting the minimum requirements for workers’ accommodations. In contrast, international standards for adequate housing and the standards for workers’ housing of other countries not only set minimum requirements but also consider various factors that can enhance the workers’ living environments and quality of life and guarantee equal treatment of foreign workers, including the demand for different types of housing, location, access to cultural facilities, and supplementary facilities. We classified the housing vulnerability of foreign workers’ residential facilities in Gyeonggi province based on their characteristics, such as the housing requirements stipulated by law, and on the degree of housing vulnerability regarding living conditions and accommodation facilities (washing/bathing facilities, electrical safety checks, etc.). As a result, the main problem is location, with 43% (800) of the workplaces violating the Farmland Act. In addition, 80% of the workplaces use containers or prefabricated panels (temporary buildings) as dormitories, which are in violation of the Building Act.