Pre-eruptive Stage Research Articles

Congenital Hematological and Metabolic Disorders Causing Intrinsic Discoloration of Pediatric Dentition at Pre-Eruptive Stage

The current review assesses the literature and depicts the hematological and metabolic diseases of newborns resulting in intrinsic stains of primary dentition. The appearance of dentition is an esthetic concern to the child as well as to the caregivers. The correct diagnosis claims prime importance to the dentist as it has profound value in deciding the appropriate treatment protocol and describing it to the patient. The review describes the hematological and metabolic diseases of newborns which can affect the color of normal pediatric dentition. Erythroblastosis fetalis, icterus gravis neonatorum, congenital erythropoietic porphyria, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, and alkaptonuria are found to have a definite impact on the intrinsic discoloration of deciduous teeth. The article is an overview of those congenital hematological and metabolic disorders and their direct and indirect effects on primary dentition at the pre-eruptive stage resulting in discoloration.

Forbidden hugs in pandemic times

We present an observational study of the luminous red nova (LRN) AT 2021biy in the nearby galaxy NGC 4631. The field of the object was routinely imaged during the pre-eruptive stage by synoptic surveys, but the transient was detected only at a few epochs from ∼231 days before maximum brightness. The LRN outburst was monitored with unprecedented cadence both photometrically and spectroscopically. AT 2021biy shows a short-duration blue peak, with a bolometric luminosity of ∼1.6 × 1041 erg s−1, followed by the longest plateau among LRNe to date, with a duration of 210 days. A late-time hump in the light curve was also observed, possibly produced by a shell-shell collision. AT 2021biy exhibits the typical spectral evolution of LRNe. Early-time spectra are characterised by a blue continuum and prominent H emission lines. Then, the continuum becomes redder, resembling that of a K-type star with a forest of metal absorption lines during the plateau phase. Finally, late-time spectra show a very red continuum (TBB ≈ 2050 K) with molecular features (e.g., TiO) resembling those of M-type stars. Spectropolarimetric analysis indicates that AT 2021biy has local dust properties similar to those of V838 Mon in the Milky Way Galaxy. Inspection of archival Hubble Space Telescope data taken on 2003 August 3 reveals a ∼20 M⊙ progenitor candidate with log (L/L⊙) = 5.0 dex and Teff = 5900 K at solar metallicity. The above luminosity and colour match those of a luminous yellow supergiant. Most likely, this source is a close binary, with a 17–24 M⊙ primary component.

Tidal triggering of micro-seismicity associated with caldera dynamics in the Juan de Fuca ridge

Tidal triggering of earthquakes in diverse tectonic settings has been well documented, albeit the mechanisms and implications remain elusive. Here we present solid earth and ocean tide modulation of micro-seismicity, associated with caldera dynamics of the 2015 axial seamount eruption in the Juan de Fuca ridge, from well-monitored micro-seismicity catalog of mid-ocean ridge volcanoes to gain an insight into the complex interplay between volcano-tectonic and external influence of periodic tidal loading. We report a significantly strong semi-diurnal tidal periodicity in pre-eruption and weak semi-diurnal tidal periodicity in the post-eruption phase, which converge with the statistical correlation with the tidal stress. We propose that during the pre-eruption stage, fault systems are critically stressed and more sensitive to stress perturbation by periodic tidal loading. However, during the eruption stage, volcano-tectonic processes dominated masking the tidal modulation in micro-seismicity. The unusual micro-seismicity modulation during pre-eruption magma chamber inflation and reactivation of normal faulting, explicitly during the lowest tide, can be explained by a complex interplay between magma chamber inflation and periodic tidal loading, with eventual feedback mechanism on the caldera ring fault system.

PETROGRAPHY AND MINERAL CHEMISTRY OF OLIGOCENE SHOSHONITIC DACITES FROM THE CENTRAL BOSNIA

<p>Postorogenic volcanic rocks of different Tertiary ages are very common in the Sava-Vardar Zone of the Dinarides and in the southeastern part of adjoing Pannonian Basin. South of the Sava-Vardar Zone, in central Bosnia, Tertiary volcanic rocks occur within ophiolite sequences and genetically related sedimentary formations of the Dinaride Ophiolite Zone. Central Bosnia volcanic rocks are mostly dacites, and highly subordinately andesites as the members of the high-K calc-alkaline series.</p><p>It appears from the mineralogical and petrographic characteristics obtained some insight into the processes that occurred during the genesis of the rocks. The presence of primary igneous minerals: clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende and biotite from ferromagnesian minerals, and plagioclase, sanidine and quartz, indicates that the fractional crystallization played a significant role in the genesis of the rocks. Reaction edge on many rounded quartz phenocrysts indicates the possibility of magma mixing with the formation of Tertiary volcanic rocks of the central Bosnia. On magma mixing different temperature and chemical composition also indicates the existence of zoned plagioclase and amphibole phenocrysts.</p><p>Complex compositional and zoning patterns of biotite and plagioclase phenocrysts and disequilibrium microstructures of plagioclase and quartz phenocrysts suggest interaction of fractionating, mantle derived melts with continental crust during a shalow level pre-eruptive stage and mixing with small amount of devolatilized phlogopite-phyric mafic magma before eruption.</p>

Luminous red novae: Stellar mergers or giant eruptions?

We present extensive datasets for a class of intermediate-luminosity optical transients known as luminous red novae. They show double-peaked light curves, with an initial rapid luminosity rise to a blue peak (at −13 to −15 mag), which is followed by a longer-duration red peak that sometimes is attenuated, resembling a plateau. The progenitors of three of them (NGC 4490−2011OT1, M 101−2015OT1, and SNhunt248), likely relatively massive blue to yellow stars, were also observed in a pre-eruptive stage when their luminosity was slowly increasing. Early spectra obtained during the first peak show a blue continuum with superposed prominent narrow Balmer lines, with P Cygni profiles. Lines of Fe II are also clearly observed, mostly in emission. During the second peak, the spectral continuum becomes much redder, Hα is barely detected, and a forest of narrow metal lines is observed in absorption. Very late-time spectra (∼6 months after blue peak) show an extremely red spectral continuum, peaking in the infrared (IR) domain. Hα is detected in pure emission at such late phases, along with broad absorption bands due to molecular overtones (such as TiO, VO). We discuss a few alternative scenarios for luminous red novae. Although major instabilities of single massive stars cannot be definitely ruled out, we favour a common envelope ejection in a close binary system, with possibly a final coalescence of the two stars. The similarity between luminous red novae and the outburst observed a few months before the explosion of the Type IIn SN 2011ht is also discussed.

Magma chamber processes and dynamics beneath northwestern Anatolia: Insights from mineral chemistry and crystal size distributions (CSDs) of the Kepsut volcanic complex (NW Turkey)

Mineral chemistry, petrography and crystal size distributions of Early Miocene mafic and intermediate lavas from the Kepsut Volcanic Complex (KVC) have been studied to decipher magma chamber processes and dynamics beneath northwestern Anatolia. KVC which is a part of the Western Anatolian Volcanic Province comprises lavas represented by various compositions ranging from basaltic andesite to rhyodacite and associated pyroclastics. Basaltic andesite and andesite lavas of the KVC, the focus of this study, present distinct petrographical features such as three plagioclase generations, patchy zoning, oscillatory reverse zoning, sieve textured crystals and clinopyroxene-mantled amphibole that are clear indicators of disequilibrium conditions in magma chamber(s). Petrography, mineral chemistry and crystal size distribution studies of andesite and basaltic andesite lavas of the KVC indicate that magma evolution occurred in four stages: (I) Near-Equilibrium Stage, (II) Mafic Input Stage, (III) Mixing/Mingling Stage and (IV) Pre-eruption Stage. Thermobarometry calculations indicate that crystallization of andesite and basaltic lavas occurred at similar pressure (mid-to-deep crustal depths, 5–7 kbar) but distinct temperature conditions (920–952 °C and 921–1069 °C, respectively) suggesting that KVC magmas evolved either in the same or different magma chambers at similar depths and experienced open-system processes. Both of these hypotheses are compatible with multistage evolution of the KVC. Combined petrography, mineral chemistry and geothermometry studies on KVC rocks indicate that mixing/mingling processes and subsequent decompression-driven crystallization were the principal mechanisms for the origin of the textural and mineralogical diversity that is characteristic of KVC lavas. Disequilibrium crystallization was probably caused by the influx of a hotter basaltic magma into crustal magma chambers during the first major period of north-south extension in western Anatolia.

Gradual Pre-eruptive Phase of Solar Coronal Eruptions

Physical background of the evolution of a coronal magnetic flux rope embedded in the magnetic arcade during the gradual-rise pre-eruptive stage is studied. It is assumed that this stage represents an externyly-driven evolution of the preeruptive structure through a series of quasi-equilibrium states, until a point when system losses equilibrium and erupts. In particular, three driving processes are considered: twisting motions of the flux-rope footpoints, emergence of new magnetic flux beneath the flux rope, and the mass leakage down the flux-rope legs. For that purpose, an analytical flux-rope model is employed, to inspect how fast the equilibrium height of the structure rises due to the increase of the poloidal-toaxial field ratio, the increase of axial electric current, and the decrease of mass. It is shown that the flux-rope twisting itself is not sufficient to reproduce the rising speeds observed during the pre-eruptive stage. Yet, it is essential for the loss-ofequilibrium process. On the other hand, the considered emerging flux and the mass loss processes reproduce well the rate at which the pre-eruptive structure rises before the main acceleration stage of the eruption sets in.

Combination of a pressure source and block movement for ground deformation analysis at Merapi volcano prior to the eruptions in 2006 and 2010

We analyzed ground deformation prior to the eruptions in 2006 and 2010 at Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia. Ground deformation was monitored by electronic distance measurement (EDM) by measuring the slope distance toward 12 reflectors installed near the summit from five benchmarks on flanks every day. A large change of slope distance (CSD) was detected on the southeast and south baselines and a minor CSD was detected on the north and northwest baselines during the pre-eruptive stages of both the 2006 and 2010 eruptions. We applied a block movement model to the south and southeast baselines and a spherical pressure source model to the CSDs on the north and northwest baselines using the finite element method (FEM). The rates of block movement southward and the volume change of the pressure source increased on April 7, 2006 and continued at constant rates until the appearance of a new lava dome on April 26. Prior to the eruption in 2010, the block movement southeastward and the volume increase of the pressure source accelerated in the middle of October, and acceleration continued until the first outburst on October 26, 2010. Temporal patterns of the block movement and the increase in the volume of the pressure source correlate well with the increase in seismicity of VT and MP earthquakes. The pressure sources were obtained at a depth of 2 ± 0.5 km below the summit, and this position corresponds to the aseismic zone of VT earthquakes. Magma injection at the shallow part of this region causes an increase in the volume of the pressure source, and inflation of the ground of the summit triggered gravitational slip southeastward or southward of the ground surface. The volumes increases of the pressure sources were 9.7 ± 1 M m3 and 17.6 ± 0.8 M m3 in 2006 and 2010, respectively. The volume increase is related to the scale and type of the eruption. The effusive eruption in 2006 had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 2 and the explosive eruption in 2010 had a VEI of 4. The directions and amounts of the block movement are strongly related to topography, hydrothermally weak zone and underground gap near the summit between West and East Domes.

Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio geyser field, Atacama Desert, Chile

Despite more than 200years of scientific study, the internal dynamics of geyser systems remain poorly characterized. As a consequence, there remain fundamental questions about what processes initiate and terminate eruptions, and where eruptions begin. Over a one-week period in October 2012, we collected down-hole measurements of pressure and temperature in the conduit of an exceptionally regular geyser (132s/cycle) located in the Chilean desert. We identified four stages in the geyser cycle: (1) recharge of water into the conduit after an eruption, driven by the pressure difference between water in the conduit and in a deeper reservoir; (2) a pre-eruptive stage that follows the recharge and is dominated by addition of steam from below; (3) the eruption, which occurs by rapid boiling of a large mass of water at the top of the water column, and decompression that propagates boiling conditions downward; and (4) a relaxation stage during which pressure and temperature decrease until conditions preceding the recharge stage are restored. Eruptions are triggered by the episodic addition of steam coming from depth, suggesting that the dynamics of the eruptions are dominated by geometrical and thermodynamic complexities in the conduit and reservoir. Further evidence favoring the dominance of internal processes in controlling periodicity is also provided by the absence of responses of the geyser to environmental perturbations (air pressure, temperature and probably also Earth tides).

An integrate model of subduction: contributions from geology, experimental petrology, and seismic tomography

We summarize the available knowledge of subduction gained from geology, petrology, and seismology and consider the advantages and drawbacks of each method. Regional and local seismic tomography reveals complex systems of fluid and melt migration at different depths above subducting slabs. The physicochemical evolution of the magma storage system maintaining active volcanism is modeled with reference to a wealth of geological and geophysical data. Subduction-related processes are discussed by examples of active (Kamchatka and Japan arcs) and ancient (Kokchetav metamorphic complex) subduction zones. Comprehensive geological and geophysical studies in Kamchatka and Japan prove valid the leading role of andesite magma in subduction of oceanic crust and, on the other hand, show that modeling independent migration paths of melts and fluids is problematic. The case study of Kamchatka provides more insights into melting in intermediate magma reservoirs at the depths about 50-80 and 30km and highlights the significance of shallow magma sources at the pre-eruption stage. The Kokchetav metamorphics, which are exhumed suprasubduction rocks, offer an exceptional opportunity to estimate directly the compositions and ages of subduction-related melts.

Aberration in the Path of Eruption of the Mandibular Permanent Second Molar

Objectives: The purpose of this report isto describe aberration in the eruption path of the mandibular permanent second molars. Usually they present with an un explainable angulation during their pre-eruptive stages, resulting in impaction. In addition, the prevalence and distribution of mandibular second molar impaction in orthodontically treated children is presented and discussed. Materials and methods: Panoramic radiographs of 3500 consecutively treated patients, age 11-15 years, were used to evaluate the eruption stage,as well as the angulation and space available for the mandibular permanent second molars. Results: A total of 62 impacted mandibular second molars were detected in 49 patients, presenting a prevalence rate of 1.4%. 36 (58%) of these were unilateral and 26 (42%) were bilateral, most of them (88%) mesially angulated. The unexpected and unpredictable change in the eruption path of four mandibular second molars, resulting in their impaction, is presented. Conclusions: Change in the path of eruption of the mandibular second molar was detected from sequential radiographic examination. The great majority of them were mesially angulated. The factors causing their angulation change that may lead to impaction are still obscure. A prevalence of 1.4% for mandibular second molar impaction was found in the large sample analyzed in our study

FORMATION OF TORUS-UNSTABLE FLUX ROPES AND ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN ERUPTING SIGMOIDS

We analyze the physical mechanisms that form a three-dimensional coronal flux rope and later cause its eruption. This is achieved by a zero-β magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of an initially potential, asymmetric bipolar field, which evolves by means of simultaneous slow magnetic field diffusion and sub-Alfvenic, line-tied shearing motions in the photosphere. As in similar models, flux-cancellation-driven photospheric reconnection in a bald-patch (BP) separatrix transforms the sheared arcades into a slowly rising and stable flux rope. A bifurcation from a BP to a quasi-separatrix layer (QSL) topology occurs later on in the evolution, while the flux rope keeps growing and slowly rising, now due to shear-driven coronal slip-running reconnection, which is of tether-cutting type and takes place in the QSL. As the flux rope reaches the altitude at which the decay index –∂ln B/∂ln z of the potential field exceeds ~3/2, it rapidly accelerates upward, while the overlying arcade eventually develops an inverse tear-drop shape, as observed in coronal mass ejections (CMEs). This transition to eruption is in accordance with the onset criterion of the torus instability. Thus, we find that photospheric flux-cancellation and tether-cutting coronal reconnection do not trigger CMEs in bipolar magnetic fields, but are key pre-eruptive mechanisms for flux ropes to build up and to rise to the critical height above the photosphere at which the torus instability causes the eruption. In order to interpret recent Hinode X-Ray Telescope observations of an erupting sigmoid, we produce simplified synthetic soft X-ray images from the distribution of the electric currents in the simulation. We find that a bright sigmoidal envelope is formed by pairs of -shaped field lines in the pre-eruptive stage. These field lines form through the BP reconnection and merge later on into -shaped loops through the tether-cutting reconnection. During the eruption, the central part of the sigmoid brightens due to the formation of a vertical current layer in the wake of the erupting flux rope. Slip-running reconnection in this layer yields the formation of flare loops. A rapid decrease of currents due to field line expansion, together with the increase of narrow currents in the reconnecting QSL, yields the sigmoid hooks to thin in the early stages of the eruption. Finally, a slightly rotating erupting loop-like feature (ELLF) detaches from the center of the sigmoid. Most of this ELLF is not associated with the erupting flux rope, but with a current shell that develops within expanding field lines above the rope. Only the short, curved end of the ELLF corresponds to a part of the flux rope. We argue that the features found in the simulation are generic for the formation and eruption of soft X-ray sigmoids.

Relative Kinematics of the Leading Edge and the Prominence in Coronal Mass Ejections

We present a statistical analysis of the relationship between the kinematics of the leading edge and the eruptive prominence in coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We study the acceleration phase of 18 CMEs in which kinematics was measured from the pre-eruption stage up to the post-acceleration phase. In all CMEs, the three part structure (the leading edge, the cavity, and the prominence) was clearly recognizable from early stages of the eruption. The data show a distinct correlation between the duration of the leading edge (LE) acceleration and eruptive prominence (EP) acceleration. In the majority of events (78%) the acceleration phase onset of the LE is very closely synchronized (within ± 20 min) with the acceleration of EP. However, in two events the LE acceleration started significantly earlier than the EP acceleration (> 50 min), and in two events the EP acceleration started earlier than the LE acceleration (> 40 min). The average peak acceleration of LEs (281 m s−2) is about two times larger than the average peak acceleration of EPs (136 m s−2). For the first time, our results quantitatively demonstrate the level of synchronization of the acceleration phase of LE and EP in a rather large sample of events, i.e., we quantify how often the eruption develops in a “self-similar” manner.

Does Exposure to Fluoridated Water During the Crown Completion and Maturation Phases of Permanent First Molars Decrease Pit and Fissure Caries?

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Effects of Water Fluoride Exposure at Crown Completion and Maturation of Caries of Permanent First Molars Singh KA, Spencer AJ, Brennan DS. Caries Res 2004;41:34-42 Level of Evidence 2 Purpose/Question To evaluate the relative effects of exposure to fluoridated water during the pre-eruptive stages of the crown completion and maturation on caries prevention in the permanent first molars of 6- to 15-year-old Australian children. Source of Funding Government: Public Health Research and Development Grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council. Type of Study/Design Cross-Sectional Study

Acceleration Phase of Coronal Mass Ejections: II. Synchronization of the Energy Release in the Associated Flare

We analyze the relationship between the acceleration of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the energy release in associated flares, employing a sample of 22 events in which the CME kinematics were measured from the pre-eruption stage up to the post-acceleration phase. The data show a distinct correlation between the duration of the acceleration phase and the duration of the associated soft X-ray (SXR) burst rise, whereas the CME peak acceleration and velocity are related to the SXR peak flux. In the majority of events the acceleration started earlier than the SXR burst, and it is usually prolonged after the SXR burst maximum. In about one half of the events the acceleration phase is very closely synchronized with the fastest growth of the SXR burst. An additional one quarter of the events may be still considered as relatively well-synchronized, whereas in the remaining quarter of the events there is a considerable mismatch. The results are interpreted in terms of the feedback relationship between the CME dynamics and the reconnection process in the wake of the CME.

Fault-controlled Soil CO2 Degassing and Shallow Magma Bodies: Summit and Lower East Rift of Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii), 1997

Soil CO2 flux measurements were carried out along traverses across mapped faults and eruptive fissures on the summit and the lower East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano. Anomalous levels of soil degassing were found for 44 of the tectonic structures and 47 of the eruptive fissures intercepted by the surveyed profiles. This result contrasts with what was recently observed on Mt. Etna, where most of the surveyed faults were associated with anomalous soil degassing. The difference is probably related to the differences in the state of activity at the time when soil gas measurements were made: Kilauea was erupting, whereas Mt. Etna was quiescent although in a pre-eruptive stage. Unlike Mt. Etna, flank degassing on Kilauea is restricted to the tectonic and volcanic structures directly connected to the magma reservoir feeding the ongoing East Rift eruption or in areas of the Lower East Rift where other shallow, likely independent reservoirs are postulated. Anomalous soil degassing was also found in areas without surface evidence of faults, thus suggesting the possibility of previously unknown structures.

Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Associated With Human Herpesvirus-6 Infection

An extremely rare case of acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by human herpesvirus-6 variant type B infection is reported. The patient, a 14-month-old previously healthy female, presented with high fever and generalized tonic convulsion followed by rapid deterioration of consciousness. On the second day of the illness, the protein level of the cerebrospinal fluid increased without pleocytosis. On the third day, magnetic resonance images demonstrated symmetric, abnormal signal intensity lesions in the bilateral thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem. On the fourth day, characteristic maculopapular rash of exanthema subitum appeared on the trunk. Human herpesvirus-6 deoxyribonucleic acid was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the serum, and immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M of serum human herpesvirus-6 were positive. On the twelfth day of illness, the patient died as a result of severe brain damage. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy should be included in the differential diagnosis when examining infants and young children with fulminating consciousness disturbance and intractable convulsion. In addition, as a causative virus, human herpesvirus-6 has to be considered at the pre-eruptive stage of exanthema subitum. Magnetic resonance images are useful because they reveal the characteristic distribution of lesions specific to acute necrotizing encephalopathy.

Attitude of the Canine in Secondary Bone-Grafted and Nongrafted Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate

To investigate the eruption pattern of the cleft-side canine regarding its pre-eruption position relative to the cleft in bone-grafted (BG) and nongrafted (NonBG) patients with cleft lip and palate. Fifty-three patients with cleft lip and palate (21 BG, 32 NonBG) were examined by panoramic radiography and posteroanterior cephalography taken before and after canine eruption. Subjects were categorized into BG, NonBG, and control groups. Canines at the pre-eruption stage were categorized as close to (group 1) or distant from (group 2) the cleft area. The canine angle and its change between the two stages were evaluated. No significant differences were noted between the initial canine angle of the BG and NonBG groups. Although canines in the BG group erupted without a significant change in angle, the canine angle increased significantly (p < .0001) in the NonBG and control groups. In group 1, a greater change in canine angle was noted in the NonBG (p < .05) and control (p < .01) groups than in the BG group. In group 2, no significant difference was noted among the three groups. In BG patients, a canine located near the cleft appears to erupt at the same angle as it had before grafting. However, in NonBG patients, it erupts more vertically, guided by cortical bone. For canines distant from the cleft area, there is no significant difference in the change in angulation between NonBG and BG patients.

The eruption of permanent incisors and first molars in prematurely born children.

The purpose of this work was to examine whether the clinical eruption of the permanent first molars and incisors is affected by pre-term birth. The data applied to 328 prematurely born white and black children and 1804 control children who participated in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (USA) in the early 1960s and 1970s. The dental examinations had been performed in a cross-sectional manner at ages varying from 6 to 12 years in 95 per cent of cases (range 5-14 years). Dental casts were placed in matched pairs by sex, race and conceptional age for comparison of the four clinical stages of eruption of the permanent incisors and first molars between the pre-term and control children. The results showed significantly (P < 0.05) earlier tooth eruption in the pre-term children. The findings suggest that the eruption process is earlier in those teeth that go through a sensitive period circumnatally, being at the pre-eruptive stages and entering the first phases of mineralization under the influence of various neonatal systemic factors and accelerated growth period (catch-up growth) with related unknown mechanisms, which may influence the eruption of the permanent incisors and first molars in prematurely born children.

The active quiescence of HR Del (Nova Del 1967)

This new UV study of the ex-nova HR Del is based on all of the data obtained with the IUE satellite, and includes the important series of spectra taken in 1988 and 1992 that have not been analyzed so far. After the correction for the reddening (EB-V)=0.16), adopting a distance d =850 pc, we have derived a mean UV luminosity close to Luv ~ 56 Lsun, the highest value among classical novae in "quiescence". Also the "average" optical absolute magnitude Mv=+2.30 is indicative of a bright object. The UV continuum luminosity, the HeII 1640 A emission line luminosity, and the optical absolute magnitude all give a mass accretion rate Mdot very close to 1.4*10**(-7) Msun/yr, if one assumes that the luminosity of the old nova is due to a non-irradiated accretion disk. The continuum distribution is well fitted with either a black body of 33,900 K, or a power-law F(lambda) ~ lambda**(-2.20). We show that the "quiescent" optical magnitude at mv ~ 12 comes from the hot component and not from the companion star. Since most IUE observations correspond to the "quiescent" magnitude at mv ~ 12, the same as in the pre-eruption stage, we infer that the pre-nova, for at least 70 years prior to eruption, was also very bright at near the same Luv, Mv, Mdot and T values as derived in the present study for the ex-nova. The wind components in the P Cyg profiles of the CIV 1550 A and NV 1240 A resonance lines are strong and variable on short timescales, with vedge up to -5000 km/s, a remarkably high value. The phenomenology in the short-time variations of the wind indicates the presence of an inhomogeneous outflow. We discuss the nature of the strong UV continuum and wind features and the implications of the presence of a "bright" state a long time before and after outburst on our present knowledge of the pre-nova and post-nova behavior.