Predominant Fatty Acids Research Articles

Characterization of oils and defatted residues of Terminalia catappa L. seed kernels of two varieties

ABSTRACT The seed kernel of Terminalia catappa Linn (T. catappa) is an underutilized plant food with promising potential. This study investigated the physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, thermal behavior, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral characteristics of oils extracted from kernels of yellow and purple cultivars of T. catappa and proximate compositions of their defatted residues. The oils extracted through a cold press micro-expeller, differed in color, with yellow oil being lighter than purple oil. Both cultivars demonstrated high iodine values and lower saponification values. Thermal profiles displayed major exothermic and endothermic peaks associated with the crystallization and melting of triacylglycerols (TAGs). Both oils were rich in unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs), particularly oleic and linoleic acids, with palmitic acid being the predominant saturated fatty acid (SFA). FTIR spectra indicated the presence of functional groups such as methyl, methylene and esters representing the complex composition of the oils. Proximate composition analysis revealed that whole kernels were high in fat, while defatted residues were richer in protein and minerals. These findings suggest that T. catappa kernels from both cultivars were good sources of plant oils with potential for high-fat products, and defatted residues could be used in protein-rich supplements, offering diverse industrial applications.

Analysis of the nutritional composition of Bahraini breed camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk: fatty acid, mineral, phenolic, and antioxidant content

Camels live under extremely arid conditions, yet they can produce more milk than any other animal in the desert ecosystem. They also have a longer lactation duration as well as low nutrition requirements. This study aims to determine the fatty acids profile, minerals, antioxidant activity and total phenols/flavonoids content, in camel milk of the species Camelus dromedarius in Bahrain. Gas chromatography was employed to analyze the fatty acid methyl esters obtained after the extraction of fatty acids. Mineral concentrations were measured by an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. Antioxidant measurements included total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoid contents by AlCl3 colorimetric method, and total antioxidant activity by the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The fatty acids analysis (median(interquartile range) %) showed that the most predominant fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids (50.40(6.76) %), which were slightly higher than saturated fatty acids (49.60(12.17) %). The most abundant saturated fatty acids were C16:0 (26.73(6.73) %), C18:0 (12.32(4.28) %), and C14:0 (10.55(2.86)%). Monounsaturated fatty acid 18:1n9 was 31.5(5.66) %, and 16:1n7 was 12.75(2.19)%, while the major omega-3 was C18:3n3 (3.91(0.71) %). The main omega-6 were C18:2n6 and C18:3n6, accounting for 1.30(0.35) % and 0.94(0.21) %, respectively. The mineral content of camel milk varied, with the presence of macro minerals such as calcium (699.60 mg/L), sodium (855.18 mg/L), magnesium (9.33 mg/L) and potassium (87.09 mg/L). The results showed that camel milk has considerable values of total antioxidant activity (4.75(1.71) mmol/g), total phenolic contents (20.24(11.18) mg GAE/L) and total flavonoid contents (31.74(20.72) mg CE/L). In conclusion, although the (poly)phenol content in camel milk is relatively lower compared to certain plant-based sources, it can represent a good source of antioxidants, in addition to a significant content in unsaturated fatty acids and minerals, further enhancing its nutritional value for human health.

Nutritional Quality, Functional Properties, and Biological Characterization of Watermeal (Wolffia globosa)

Watermeal (Wolffia globosa) has emerged as a promising candidate as an alternative protein source due to its outstanding nutritional profile. This study evaluated the nutritional quality, functional properties, and biological characteristics of W. globosa. The protein content was found to be high at 26.76 g/100 g of dry weight (DW). Functional properties, including water and oil holding capacities, protein solubility, foaming, and emulsifying abilities across different pH levels, were assessed to determine optimal conditions. Amino acid profiling revealed that essential amino acids constitute 67% of the total amino acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly α-linolenic (18:3 n-3) and linoleic acids (18:2 n-6), were identified as the predominant fatty acids. Additionally, watermeal was found to contain significant amounts of α-tocopherol (699 µg/g) and γ-oryzanol (100 µg/g), which contribute to its antioxidant capacity, as confirmed by DPPH and FRAP assays. The prominent protein bands were observed at around 62–67 kDa, likely representing a structural, metabolic protein (vicilin-like protein) of 38% of the total protein content. Overall, W. globosa demonstrates significant potential as a functional food ingredient, offering a rich nutrient profile and health-promoting properties, making it a promising choice for future diets.

Genomic Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Streptococcus zhangguiae sp. nov. Isolated from the Respiratory Tract of Marmota Himalayana.

Two Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, facultative anaerobic, α-hemolytic, coccus-shaped bacteria (zg-86T and zg-70) were isolated from the respiratory tracts of marmots (Marmota Himalayana) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and 545 core genes revealed that these two strains belong to the Streptococcus genus. These strains were most closely related to Streptococcus respiraculi HTS25T, Streptococcus cuniculi CCUG 65085T, and Streptococcus marmotae HTS5T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA‒DNA hybridization (dDDH) were below the threshold for species delineation. The predominant cellular fatty acids (CFAs) in this novel species were C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1ω9c, whereas the primary polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and an unknown phosphoglycolipid (PGL). The optimal growth conditions for the strains were 37°C, pH 7.0, and 0.5% (w/v) NaCl on brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood. Comparative genomics analyses revealed the potential pathogenicity of strain zg-86T through comparisons with suis subclade strains in terms of virulence factors, pathogen-host interactions (PHIs) and mobile genetic factors (MGEs). Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, we propose that these two isolates represent novel species in the genus Streptococcus, for which the names Streptococcus zhangguiae sp. nov. (the type strain zg-86T=GDMCC 1.1758T=JCM 34273T) is proposed.

Polluticaenibacter yanchengensis gen. nov., sp. nov., A Novel Taxon Within the Family Chitinophagaceae Isolated from Activated Sludge.

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain LY-5T, was isolated from an activated sludge sample collected from a river in Yancheng city, Jiangsu province, China. Cells of strain LY-5T, were strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 15-37°C (optimum, 30°C), at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-3% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences indicated that strain LY-5T formed a distinct phyletic branch within the family Chitinophagaceae, with closest relatives being members of the genera Phnomibacter, Aurantisolimonas, and Chitinophaga, sharing 88.5-90.3% sequence similarity. Moreover, the average amino acid identity (AAI) between strain LY-5T and its closed phylogenetic neighbors was below 70%, indicating it belongs to a novel genus. The predominant cellular fatty acids of LY-5T were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1 G and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), and the only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major polar lipids identified in strain LY-5T comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. The genome size of strain LY-5T was 4.8 Mbp with a G + C content of 38.9%. Based on the evidence presented in this study, strain LY-5T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Polluticaenibacter yanchengensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Type strain LY-5T = CCTCC AB 2023260T = KCTC 102218T) is proposed.

Janibacter alittae sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the gut of marine sandworm (Alitta virens).

A novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and ovoid cocci, designated as A1S7T, was isolated from the gut of a marine sandworm (Alitta virens). Strain A1S7T exhibited optimal growth at temperatures of 20-30 ℃, pH 6-8 and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain A1S7T belonged to the genus Janibacter, exhibiting a similarity of 99.0% to Janibacter cremeus KCTC 49873T, followed by Janibacter anophelis KCTC 19282T (98.8%), Janibacter hoylei KCTC 49872T (98.4%), Janibacter limosus KACC 20518T (98.2%) and Janibacter corallicola KACC 21120T (97.2%). The complete genome sequence of strain A1S7T revealed a genome size of 3360920 bp with a genomic G+C content of 70.1 mol%. The orthologous average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain A1S7T and Janibacter cremeus KCTC 49873T were determined to be 89.5 and 37.2%, respectively. The major respiratory quinone was MK-8(H4). The predominant fatty acids (>10%) included iso-C16:0, C17:1 ω8c, C18:1 ω9c and C17:0. Polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and three unknown polar lipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1γ. The major whole-cell sugars were ribose, mannose and glucose. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain A1S7T represents a novel species in the genus Janibacter, for which the name Janibacter alittae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A1S7T (=KCTC 49714T = JCM 36706T).

Flavobacterium capsici sp. nov., isolated from the rhizospheric soils of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).

Two separate bacterial strains, PMTSA4T and PMR2A8, were isolated from the rhizospheric soils of bell pepper plants grown in a plant nursery. These strains are Gram-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped and grow in aerobic conditions. They exhibit a positive reaction for catalase activity but negative results for oxidase activity. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains PMTSA4T and PMR2A8 are closely related to Flavobacterium piscinae ICH-30T (95.6%, respectively), Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae 10Alg 130T (95.5%) and Flavobacterium maris KMM 9535T (95.3%), aligning them within the genus Flavobacterium. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values and average nucleotide identities (ANIs) of the whole-genome sequences for the two strains and related Flavobacterium species were significantly below the established thresholds for prokaryotic species delineation (<70% for dDDH and <95% for ANI). The observed values were as follows: Flavobacterium aquatile LMG 4008T (dDDH: 19.8% and ANI: 75.5%), F. piscinae ICH-30T (dDDH: 18.6% and ANI: 73.3%) and F. stagni WWJ 16T (dDDH: 18.5% and ANI: 72.0%). The strains have genome sizes of 3 068 185 bp and 3 068 330 bp, with a G+C content of 32.5 mol%. In phenotypic characterization, the new strains grew at 10-35 °C and tolerated up to 4% NaCl at pH 5-9 (optimum pH 8). The predominant cellular fatty acids were observed to be iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and iso-C15:0 3-OH. Menaquinone-6 was the predominant quinone. Considering the results from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic analyses, it is proposed that the strains PMTSA4T and PMR2A8 represent a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium.

The Role of Fermentation and Drying on the Changes in Bioactive Properties, Seconder Metabolites, Fatty Acids and Sensory Properties of Green Jalapeño Peppers

In this study, the influence of fermentation and different drying techniques on the bioactive components, antioxidant activity, phenolic components, fatty acids, nutrients and sensory characteristics of fresh and processed jalapeño peppers was investigated. At the end of the fermentation, the pH, acidity and salt values of the brine were determined as 3.38, 0.09% and 6.02 g/100 mL, respectively. The oil results of pepper samples were found between 2.0% (microwave and air) and 2.60% (oven). Total carotenoid and total phenolic amounts of fresh (control) and processed peppers (air, conventional, microwave and fermentation) were characterized to be between 3.38 (fermented) and 65.68 µg/g (air) to 45.81 (fermented) and 350.69 mg GAE/100 g (microwave), respectively. Total flavonoid quantities of fresh and processed pepper samples were defined to be between 14.17 (fresh) and 482.74 mg/100 g (microwave). 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and catechin amounts in fresh and processed jalapeño peppers were defined to be between 0.43 (fermented) and 11.0 mg/100 g (microwave) to 1.36 (fermented) and 44.87 mg/100 g (microwave), respectively. The predominant fatty acids of pepper oils were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid. The oleic acid amounts of fresh and processed jalapeño pepper oils were specified to be between 9.52% (air drying) and 29.77% (fermented), while the linoleic acid values of pepper oils vary between 10.84% (fermented) and 68.38% (air drying). The major elements of fresh and processed peppers were K, P, S, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in decreasing order. Protein amounts in fresh and processed jalapeño peppers were characterized to be between 8.59 (fermented) and 12.22% (oven). As a result of panelist evaluations, the most appreciated features (4.83 score) were the flavor, color and texture feature.

Isolation of Sphingopyxis kveilinensis sp. nov., a Potential Antibiotic-Degrading Bacterium, from a Karst Wetland.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, mesophilic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain TUF1T, was isolated from a karst wetland in south-west China. It was demonstrated to be capable of growing on plates containing oxytetracycline, streptomycin, or ofloxacin as the sole carbon source. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that this organism belongs to the genus Sphingopyxis and is closely related to S. chilensis S37T (99.17%) and S. alaskensis RB2256T (99.12%). The orthologous average nucleotide identity values (OrthoANIu, 84.42% and 87.53%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (dDDH, 41.7% and 48.9%) between strain TUF1T and its close relatives were all below the standard recommended threshold values for species discrimination. The genomic DNA G + C content was determined to be 64.7%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c) and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c). The major polar lipids found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingoglycolipid. The sole respiratory quinone present was ubiquinone Q10. Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical, physiological, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain TUF1T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingopyxis. The designation "Sphingopyxis kveilinensis sp. nov." is proposed as the name for this novel species, and the strain TUF1T (= CGMCC1.62043T = JCM36394T) is designated as the type strain.

Nutritional Approach of Carob Pulp Powder “Ceratonia siliqua L.’’ from Algeria: Potential as Cocoa Substitute in Chocolate Formulations

Background: This study explores the viability of carob pulp flour (CPF) as an alternative to cocoa formulation, focusing on its nutritional attributes and sensory acceptability. Methods: Physicochemical analysis was conducted to assess the composition of CPF, including its fiber, sugar, mineral, protein and fat content using GC-MS. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was employed to determine essential mineral concentrations. Three chocolate formulations (F0, F1 and F2) were developed and evaluated. Result: CPF was found to be rich in fibers (7%) and sugars (79.64%), with notable levels of potassium (61.76%) and calcium (28.18%). However, it contained relatively low levels of protein (1.51%) and fat (0.6%). The predominant fatty acids in CPF were palmitic acid (16.70%) and oleic acid (18.37%). Among the chocolate formulations tested, F2 (73.3g CPF and 10g sugar) emerged as the most preferred by participants across different demographics and age groups. This suggests that CPF-based chocolate, with a balanced flavor profile and moderate sweetness, provides a highly appealing sensory experience.

Polymorphospora lycopeni sp. nov., a lycopene-producing actinomycetes isolated from lakeside soil sample of Baiyangdian.

A novel actinomycetes producing lycopene, designated HBU208002T, was isolated from a lakeside soil sample collected in Baiyangdian, located in Xiong'an New Area of China, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that the strain HBU208002T fell within the genus Polymorphospora and was closely related to Polymorphospora rubra JCM 14904T (99.73% identity). However, the average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values between the strain HBU208002T and P. rubra JCM 14904T were 91.78, 44.7 and 91.6%, respectively, which were lower than the ANI (95-96%), DDH (>70%) and AAI (>95%) thresholds of prokaryotic microbial defined species. The predominant fatty acids of the strain HBU208002T were iso-C16:0, C17:1 ω8c. The menaquinones of the strain HBU208002T were MK-8(H8) and MK9(H4), while those of P. rubra JCM 14904T were MK-10(H6), MK-10(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4). Meanwhile, some phenotypic characterizations and antibacterial activities distinguished the strain HBU208002T from P. rubra JCM 14904T. The strain HBU208002T exhibited inhibitory effects on Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides and Botrytis cinerea, but P. rubra JCM 14904T had no activity. Therefore, the strain HBU208002T should be assigned as representing a novel species of the genus Polymorphospora, for which the name Polymorphospora lycopeni was proposed. The type strain is HBU208002T (=KCTC49833T = GDMCC4.236T).

Effect of climatic factors on sexual maturity Labeo rohita fish

&lt;p&gt;This study examined the varying levels of thyroxine hormone impact (at doses of 2, 10, and 50 µg g-1 BW) as an environmentally responsive hormone on the fatty acid and sexual steroid profiles in male Labeo rohita fish. Each treatment group comprised six male fish with an average weight of 5.4 ± 0.58 kg. Blood samples were collected from male rohu fish pre-and post-injection, as well as following sperm retrieval from the caudal peduncle. Biotechnical parameters were evaluated post-fertilization. Among male breeders, the pituitary treatment and the 50 µg g-1 BW thyroxine treatment exhibited the highest levels of estradiol, testosterone, 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, LH, as well as testicular protein and fat content. Whereas the lowest levels were observed in the LHRH recipient and control groups (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, the saturated fatty acids C16:0 and C18:0, monounsaturated fatty acids C18:1n9c and C24:1n9, along with polyunsaturated fatty acids C20:3n6 and C22:6n3 in male breeders, were found to be the predominant fatty acids in the testes under hormonal treatment. The pituitary treatment and the 50 µg g-1 BW thyroxine treatment demonstrated a greater total percentage of testicular fatty acids compared to other interventions (p &amp;lt; 0.05). These findings emphasize the heightened efficacy of pituitary hormone and subsequent thyroxine hormone administration at a dose of 50 µg g-1 BW, relative to lower thyroxine doses and LHRH. The aforementioned treatment can increase the levels of sex hormones that are important for sexual responsiveness, emphasizing their pivotal role in facilitating successful artificial reproduction in male Rohu breeders.&lt;/p&gt;

Acinetobacter corruptisaponis sp. nov., Isolated from a Spoiled Bath Lotion.

Strain DM2021935T representing a novel Acinetobacter species was isolated from a spoiled bath lotion in Guangdong, China. Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, strain DM2021935T was closely related to 'Acinetobacter thutiue' VNH17T, Acinetobacter junii CIP 64.5T, and Acinetobacter tibetensis Y-23T. Cells of strain DM2021935T were Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, α-hemolytic, and non-motile. Strain DM2021935T exhibited growth in 1-3% (w/v) NaCl at temperatures ranging from 4 to 37°C and tolerated pH levels from 6.0 to 8.0. The predominant fatty acids in strain DM2021935T are C12:0, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c, and summed feature 3. Polar lipid profiles included glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. The identified respiratory quinones were ubiquinone Q-8 and Q-9. The genomic size of DM2021935T comprised 4.15Mb, consisting of one chromosome (3,827,633bp) and two plasmids (241,357 and 83,010bp). The G + C content was 41.8%. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DM2021935T and phylogenetically related type strains were below the species delineation thresholds (72.2-95.4, 53.1-87.0, and 20.4-66.4%, respectively). AntiSMASH analysis identified four gene clusters: non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, non-alpha poly-amino group acids, YcaO cyclodehydratase, and aryl polyene biosynthesis. Based on genotypic data, strain DM2021935T represents a novel species within the genus Acinetobacter. The proposed name for the novel species is Acinetobacter corruptisaponis sp. nov. (type strain DM2021935T = KCTC 92772T = GDMCC 1.3703T).

Antioxidant potential and fatty acid composition of Lactarius sanguifluus

Edible mushrooms have been valued as a source of food and traditional medicines since ancient times. Mushrooms have drawn the attention of numerous researchers in recent decades since they contain a variety of bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antiallergic, antidiabetic, antitumoral, and antioxidant activities. As a member of the Russulaceae family Lactarius sanguifluus (Paulet) Fr. (1838) (also known as bloody milk cap) is an ectomycorrhizal edible mushroom distributed in Asia, the Mediterranean shores and mid-Europe. In this study it was aimed to identify the mushroom sample both by physical traits according to the current literature and by molecular techniques. The antioxidant capability of L. sanguifluus methanol extract was evaluated by stable radical scavenging activity and metal ion reducing capability methods. The content of total phenolic compounds and the fatty acid composition of the mushroom sample were also investigated. The mushroom sample was identified both by comparing the physical traits with the current literature and by comparing the sequence data of the ITS region of rDNA with GenBank. The methanol extract of the dried mushroom sample was used to perform the analysis to determine the antioxidant activity and content of total phenolic compounds. It was found that L. sanguifluus methanol extract contained 3.677±0.207 mg GAE/g DW phenolic compounds and exhibited radical scavenging activities as 211.652±0.537 mg TE/g DW against DPPH and 73.389±1.003 mg TE/g DW against ABTS. L. sanguifluus methanol extract also had metal ion reducing capabilities with ferric reducing and cupric reducing antioxidant capacities of 191.903±0.659 mg AAE/g DW and 379.598±7.527 mg TE/g DW, respectively. The GC-MS analysis of the hexane extract of the mushroom sample revealed that palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid were the predominant fatty acids found in L. sanguifluus.

Unique gel-like colony forming bacterium Novosphingobium pituita sp. nov., isolated from a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating sewage

A novel, gelatinous, colony-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated IK01T was isolated from biofilms formed on the membrane surface of a sewage-treating membrane bioreactor (MBR). Strain IK01T produced gelatinous and almost transparent colonies at lower medium concentrations. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the gelatinous colony matrix showed that the matrix could be a biofilm substance. This suggests that strain IK01T is a fouling-causing bacteria in the MBR. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain IK01T was phylogenetically placed in the genus Novosphingobium. The average nucleotide identity values for IK01T and the other 50 species of the genus Novosphingobium ranged from 78.5 to 83.9 %. Correspondingly, the estimated digital DNA-DNA hybridization values ranged from 20.8 to 24.4 %. The genomic DNA G + C content was 66.0 %. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c), summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), and C14:0 2-OH. A polar lipid profile revealed phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, and three aminoglycophospholipids as major compounds. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. Genotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic analyses characterized the newly identified strain IK01T, as a novel species of the genus Novosphingobium, for which we propose the name Novosphingobium pituita sp. nov. The type strain is IK01T (NBRC 116408T = DSM 116658T).

Florfenicol-resistant Brevundimonas sanguinis sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from patient blood in South Korea

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated NCCP 15609 T, was isolated from the blood sample of a patient in the Republic of Korea. The strain was identified as Brevundimonas diminuta using MALDI–TOF. A phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate was of the genus Brevundimonas with 99.8% similarity to B. naejangsanensis. The strain NCCP 15609T genome consisted of one contig with 3,063,090 bp, and had a G+C content of 67.4%. The genome contained 2,949 protein-coding sequences, 52 tRNAs, and 6 rRNAs. The DNA–DNA hybridisation between NCCP 15609T and B. naejangsanensis yielded 92.5% and 49.5% ± 2.6%, respectively, using the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridisation (dDDH). The predominant fatty acids of strain NCCP 15609T were summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c) and C16:0. The isolate contained polar lipids and quinone, corresponding to phosphatidylglycerol, 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[D-glycopyranosyl (1 → 4)-α-D-glucopyranuronosyl] glycerol, and ubiquinone-10, respectively. Based on its phylogenetic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we suggest that NCCP 15609T represents a novel pathogen resource of the genus Brevundimonas and propose to name it Brevundimonas sanguinis sp. nov. The type strain is NCCP 15609T (= DSM 116005T).

Paracraurococcus lichenis sp. nov., isolated from lichen in Thailand.

A novel bacterium, designated as strain LOR1-02T and isolated from a lichen sample collected from Kham Riang Subdistrict, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand, underwent thorough investigation utilizing a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain LOR1-02T demonstrated growth within a temperature range of 20-42°C (optimal at 30°C), pH range of 5.0-7.5 (optimal at pH 7.0), and tolerance to 4.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its close relation to Paracraurococcus ruber JCM 9931T, with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.16%, placing it within the genus Paracraurococcus. The approximate genome size of strain LOR1-02T was determined to be 8.6Mb, with a G + C content of 70.9mol%. Additionally, ANIb, ANIm, and AAI values between the whole genomes of strain LOR1-02T and type strains were calculated as 82.6-83.4%, 86.1-86.8%, and 81.4-82.2%, respectively, while the dDDH value was determined to be 26.3-28.5% (C.I. 24.0-31.0%). The predominant fatty acids detected were C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c, C16:0, and C18:12OH. The major ubiquinone identified was Q-10, and the polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, along with unidentified phosphoaminolipid, lipids, and an amino lipid. Based on comprehensive phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain LOR1-02T represents a novel species within the genus Paracraurococcus, for which the name Paracraurococcus lichenis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain designation is LOR1-02T (= JCM 33121T =NBRC 112776T = TISTR 2503T).

Analyzing eight Turkish macroalgae: Fatty acids, proteins, and in silico biological activity profiles

AbstractThis study investigated the fatty acid (FA) compositions and proteins’ molecular weight profiles (MWP) of eight macroalgae species collected from the Antalya and Çanakkale in Turkiye: three red (Liagora viscida, Laurencia obtusa, Palisada perforata), three brown (Stypopodium schimperi, Cladostephus spongiosus, Halopteris scoparia), and two green (Caulerpa scalpelliformis, Penicillus capitatus). The potential bioactivities of the FAs were evaluated by in silico studies, focusing on anti‐cholinesterase, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects. The predominant FA across all species was palmitic acid comprising over 50% of total FAs in most species. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was abundant in seven of the eight species. Significant variations in MWPs were observed among species, with values ranging from &lt;2532 to &gt;67 000 Da. Brown algae generally exhibited higher MWP levels compared to red and green algae which showed distinctive profiles. In silico studies revealed that DHA exhibited the strongest binding affinity toward lipoxygenase acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes with −8.829, −10.636, and −7.984 kcal mol−1 docking scores, respectively. DHA demonstrated significant interactions with key residues, forming hydrogen bonds critical for enzymatic inhibition and potential therapeutic effects. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of DHA–protein complexes with low root mean square deviation and root mean square fluctuation values. This comprehensive analysis underscores the nutritional richness and potential bioactivity of macroalgae, particularly in terms of FA composition and protein profiles. The findings suggest that macroalgae, rich in DHA and other beneficial FAs, hold promise for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications, warranting further exploration into their therapeutic potential.Practical Applications: This study explores the fatty acid compositions and protein MWPs of eight macroalgae from Turkey's coasts. The findings suggest potential applications in aquaculture feeds and functional foods. Notably, DHA stands out for its antioxidant, cardioprotective, and cholinesterase inhibitor properties, making these macroalgae promising sources for obtaining DHA. The research supports practical applications in developing nutritional supplements, pharmaceuticals, and aquaculture practices, harnessing the bioactive potential of these marine resources for human health and industry.

The Integrated Analysis of miRNome and Degradome Sequencing Reveals the Regulatory Mechanisms of Seed Development and Oil Biosynthesis in Pecan (Carya illinoinensis).

Pecan seed oil is a valuable source of essential fatty acids and various bioactive compounds; however, the functions of microRNAs and their targets in oil biosynthesis during seed development are still unknown. Here, we found that the oil content increased rapidly in the three early stages in three cultivars, and that oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid component in the mature pecan embryos. We identified, analyzed, and validated the expression levels of miRNAs related to seed development and oil biosynthesis, as well as their potential target genes, using small RNA sequencing data from three stages (120, 135, and 150 days after flowering). During the seed development process, 365 known and 321 novel miRNAs were discovered. In total, 91 known and 181 novel miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed, and 633 target genes were further investigated. The expression trend analysis revealed that the 91 known miRNAs were classified into eight groups, approximately two-thirds of which were up-regulated, whereas most novel miRNAs were down-regulated. The qRT-PCR and degradome sequencing data were used to identify five miRNA- target pairs. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular regulation of oil biosynthesis in pecan seeds.

Aequorivita flava sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediments.

Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, chemoheterotrophic, short-rod-shaped bacteria, designated CDY1-MB1T, CDY2-MB3, and BDY3-MB2, were isolated from three marine sediment samples collected in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains were related to the genus Aequorivita and close to the type strain of Aequorivita vitellina F4716T (with similarities of 98.0-98.1%). Strain CDY1-MB1T can grow at 15-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) and in media with pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7), and tolerate up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CDY1-MB1T were iso-C15 : 0 (20.7%) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (12.8%); the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 6; the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified polar lipids. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization/average nucleotide identity values between strains CDY1-MB1T, CDY2-MB3, and BDY3-MB2 and A. vitellina F4716T were 24.7%/81.6-81.7%, thereby indicating that strain CDY1-MB1T should represent a novel species of the genus Aequorivita. The genomic DNA G+C contents were 37.6 % in all three strains. Genomic analysis showed the presence of genes related to nitrogen and sulphur cycling, as well as metal reduction. The genetic traits of these strains indicate their possible roles in nutrient cycling and detoxification processes, potentially shaping the deep-sea ecosystem's health and resilience. Based upon the consensus of phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain CDY1-MB1T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Aequorivita, for which the name Aequorivita flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CDY1-MB1T (=MCCC 1A16935T=KCTC 102223T).