Predominant Direction Research Articles

Firn seismic anisotropy in the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream from ambient-noise surface waves

Abstract. We analyse ambient-noise seismic data from 23 three-component seismic nodes to study firn velocity structure and seismic anisotropy near the EastGRIP camp along the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS). Using nine-component correlation tensors, we derive dispersion curves of Rayleigh and Love wave group velocities from 3 to 40 Hz. These velocity distributions exhibit anisotropy along and across the flow. To assess these variations, we invert dispersion curves for shear wave velocities (Vsh and Vsv) in the top 150 m of the NEGIS using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. The reconstructed 1-D shear velocity model reveals radial anisotropy in the firn, with Vsh 12 %–15 % greater than Vsv, peaking at the critical density (550 kg m−3). We combine density data from firn cores drilled in 2016 and 2018 to create a new density parameterisation for the NEGIS, serving as a reference for our results. We link seismic anisotropy in the NEGIS to effective and intrinsic causes. Seasonal densification, wind crusts, and melt layers induce effective anisotropy, leading to faster Vsh waves. Changes in firn recrystallisation cause intrinsic anisotropy, altering the Vsv / Vsh ratio. We observe a shallower firn–ice transition across the flow (≈ 50 m) compared with along the flow (≈ 60 m), suggesting increased firn compaction due to the predominant wind direction and increased deformation towards the shear margin. We demonstrate that short-duration (9 d minimum), passive, seismic deployments and noise-based analysis can determine seismic anisotropy in firn, and we reveal 2-D firn structure and variability.

Water flow pattern recognition and fracture characterization in near-surface chalks using time-lapse ground-penetrating radar: An experiment

Predicting subsurface water flow is inherently complex due to the heterogeneity of geological formations. Water infiltration occurs through various pathways, such as pore throats, fractures, or faults, depending on the sediment type. In an effort to enhance our understanding of water flow within heterogeneous, fractured chalks formations, we integrate ground penetrating radar (GPR), acoustic measurements, and photogrammetric surveys to examine the flow patterns. We first conduct a field experiment of injecting water into chalks and monitor the water flow through a time-lapse GPR reflection survey. Then we identify the water-affected zone by analyzing the GPR data, and correlate the water-affected zone with the identified fractures on the exposed strata. Finally, we verify the water effect through measured acoustic velocities of acquired samples. Our analysis of the GPR data encompasses direct subtraction, traveltime delay, electromagnetic (EM) velocity changes, and water saturation variations. These analyses consistently indicate a predominant southeastward flow direction. This finding is corroborated by the fractures identified through photogrammetry, which closely match the water-affected zone, suggesting that water flow is indeed fracture-driven. The measured acoustic velocities are utilized to estimate water saturation using an iso-frame rock physics model, which shows consistency with the saturation estimated through EM velocity, further validating the monitoring results. These findings advance the understanding of fluid flow and its interaction with fracture system in heterogeneous chalks, and provide a reference for future studies by demonstrating the efficacy of integrating photogrammetry-identified fractures, EM velocity, and acoustic velocity to verify monitoring outcomes.

Unattended noise measurements: use of new technologies to automatically qualify noise events for greater efficiency, precision and time savings

For more than 40 years, the noise assessment in the environment has consisted of measuring and storing the time history typically every second, then marking the events using post-processing software or automatically or manually by coding. Technological advances now make it possible to enrich the simple measurement of the time history thanks to additional data allowing a better evaluation of the measured phenomena: audio recording and AI analysis of the type of noise, analysis of the predominant direction during a noise event. We propose to present an innovative solution based on a 3D sound intensity probe allowing the determination of the azimuth and the elevation every time a noise event occurs. The results are expressed by frequency bands and A weighted filter. The influence of the type of field (active and reactive intensity) will be developed. Particular attention will be paid to the accuracy and the validity of the measurement as well as the limits of the principle.

Erosion anisotropy analysis of construction materials as a key tool for strengthening preventive conservation strategies in built heritage

In this paper, we present an innovative Erosion Anisotropy Analysis as a pioneering tool to discern the most harmful hydrometerological agents and their predominant directions of impact on built heritage. The proposed Erosion Anisotropy Analysis includes: 1) the analysis of weathering, bio-weathering and erosion processes affecting the building materials; 2) analysis of climatic series identifying preferential directionality of hydrometeorological agents; 3) erosion quantification using photogrammetric models; and 4) comparative analysis between both erosion and climatic anisotropy models.The proposed analysis is applied to the Cerrillos Tower (Almería, Spain), which is considered a paradigmatic case study due to their location and exposure conditions. Results determinate the primary vulnerability directions against hydrometeorological agents (N200–330°E) and highlight solar radiation, wind and wind-driven rain as the most damaging factors. Moreover, the Erosion Anisotropy Analysis describes the erosion patterns developed as well as their anisotropic distribution in the Tower.The proposed methodology is a benchmark for designing and dimensioning effective preventive measures to mitigate their impact under current climatic conditions as well as to prevent future scenarios within the global framework of climate change.

An overview of the constructions of conveyors for moving bulk materials, comparison and study of their parameters

The production of concrete mixes, along with their use in the production of building materials and structures, is one of the key processes in the construction industry during the construction, restoration and repair of buildings and structures. Because of this, the need to create modern concrete mixing plants that will meet the requirements of minimum energy consumption and maximum productivity of concrete mixture production is an urgent task. Not only the main operations, which include the dosing of the components of the mixture and their mixing, but also the maintenance operations, namely operations that ensure the timely movement of the components of the concrete mixture from warehouses to the main technological equipment, affect the set rhythm of the concrete mixture production. Conveyors of various types and designs are used to move bulk materials, such as crushed stone and sand. For the rational selection of such equipment in accordance with the characteristics of the cargo to be transported, knowledge of the types of conveyors, their structures and parameters, understanding of operation issues and methods of parameter calculation are required. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the following parameters: maximum cargo transportation productivity, low energy consumption per unit of moved products, low metal content of the structure. The work reviewed the most common designs of conveyors used to move bulk materials in concrete mixing plants, analyzed the disadvantages and advantages of conveyors, as well as technical parameters. As a result, the predominant directions for the use of belt and plate conveyors at construction enterprises were determined. The advantages of belt conveyors, which contribute to their widespread distribution, are high productivity, simplicity of design, reliability, quiet operation, low specific power consumption. When choosing a conveyor, it is recommended to choose the equipment with the highest productivity and the lowest power of the drive motors, however, the performance should be clearly related to other technological equipment.

Spatial and seasonal variations of atmospheric microplastics in high and low population density areas at the intersection of tropical and subtropical regions

There is limited information regarding spatial and seasonal variations of atmospheric microplastics (MPs) and factors influencing MPs at the intersection of tropical and subtropical regions. A one-year study was conducted at sites in a high-population-density village (HPDV) and a low-population-density village (LPDV) in Taiwan to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of airborne MPs. The predominant shapes, sizes, and polymer compositions of MPs were fragments, 3 to 25 and 26–50 μm, and polyamide at both sites. Seasonal variation in MP morphologies was not significant. Average MP concentrations were 2.20 ± 2.97 particles/m3 and 1.92 ± 2.35 particles/m3 at the HPDV and LPDV sites, respectively, and did not differ significantly. Higher concentrations and smaller sizes of MPs were found during the summer at both sites, while the predominant wind direction was southerly or southwesterly. In samples with temperatures exceeding 25 °C, the temperature was positively associated with MP concentrations at both the HPDV and LPDV sites. These results reflect that temperature influences the variations in the concentrations and sizes of MPs at our study site. Future research should consider the adverse risks of MP inhalation during the hot season. Moreover, when sites with different population densities and levels of human activity are closed, MP concentrations will not differ significantly between these areas since airflow can transport these particles from high-population-density areas into low-population-density areas in a short time.

Distributed Joint Beamforming for RIS-assisted Cell-Free MIMO with Discrete Phase Shifts

Abstract Both reconfiurable intelligent surface (RIS) and cell-free multiple-input multiple-output (CF-MIMO) system are holding promise to become the predominant research direction in 6G networks. This paper studies the problem of weighted sum-rate maximization(WSR) in RIS-assisted CF-MIMO networks with discrete phase shifts. We utilize alternating optimization (AO) to iteratively calculate active and passive beamforming. At access points (APs) side, we employ a distributed algorithm to design the active beamforming, leveraging information interact among APs without centralized designing at central processing unit(CPU). Facing the constraint of discrete phase shift in RIS, we adopt semidefinite relaxation(SDR) projection and proximal gradient descent(PGD) to design the passive beamforming respectively. Simulation results indicate that our proposed algorithms achieve performance comparable to the distributed framework with continuous phase shift while reducing the computational time.

Facet-Controlled Synthesis of Unconventional-Phase Metal Alloys for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Oxidation.

Facet control and phase engineering of metal nanomaterials are both important strategies to regulate their physicochemical properties and improve their applications. However, it is still a challenge to tune the exposed facets of metal nanomaterials with unconventional crystal phases, hindering the exploration of the facet effects on their properties and functions. In this work, by using Pd nanoparticles with unconventional hexagonal close-packed (hcp, 2H type) phase, referred to as 2H-Pd, as seeds, a selective epitaxial growth method is developed to tune the predominant growth directions of secondary materials on 2H-Pd, forming Pd@NiRh nanoplates (NPLs) and nanorods (NRs) with 2H phase, referred to as 2H-Pd@2H-NiRh NPLs and NRs, respectively. The 2H-Pd@2H-NiRh NRs expose more (100)h and (101)h facets on the 2H-NiRh shells compared to the 2H-Pd@2H-NiRh NPLs. Impressively, when used as electrocatalysts toward hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), the 2H-Pd@2H-NiRh NRs show superior activity compared to the NiRh alloy with conventional face-centered cubic (fcc) phase (fcc-NiRh) and the 2H-Pd@2H-NiRh NPLs, revealing the crucial role of facet control in enhancing the catalytic performance of unconventional-phase metal nanomaterials. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further unravel that the excellent HOR activity of 2H-Pd@2H-NiRh NRs can be attributed to the more exposed (100)h and (101)h facets on the 2H-NiRh shells, which possess high electron transfer efficiency, optimized H* binding energy, enhanced OH* binding energy, and a low energy barrier for the rate-determining step during the HOR process.

Impact of long-term depletion on horizontal wellbore stability in tight reservoirs-including changes in petrophysical and geomechanical properties

The development of tight reservoirs using a horizontal well requires caution owing to the reservoir sensitivity to stress. Predicting the horizontal wellbore instability during reservoir depletion is critical for tight reservoirs. The present study investigated the wellbore failure criteria and stress orientation changes with reservoir depletion of a horizontal well in a tight reservoir, considering rock sensitivity to stress with pressure reduction. An integrated reservoir model coupled with geomechanics was used to predict pore pressure. A mechanical earth model (MEM) was constructed to examine the stability of horizontal wells. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was correlated with changes in porosity due to stress changes. The MEM shows that the failure criteria around the horizontal wellbore, including breakout, loss, and breakdown pressures, change considerably with reservoir depletion. A more significant response was observed in the stress-sensitive layer, which was characterised by a higher permeability. The safe mud weight window of the studied horizontal well narrowed significantly after production for five years, whereas the stability was completely absent after ten years. The deterioration of stability with depletion is governed mainly by permeability reduction, which may cause severe pressure reduction, whereas the stability improvement due to the increase in UCS caused by porosity reduction seems marginal. Relatively small changes in the direction of the stresses around the wellbore with depletion were observed, with the stress distribution concentrated in the predominant direction as the depletion continued. This study indicates that the sensitivity of petrophysical and geomechanical properties to stress amplifies the instability in tight reservoirs, particularly around wellbores.

On the fluid drag reduction in scallop surface.

In the field of biomimetics, the tiny riblet structures inspired by shark skin have been extensively studied for their drag reduction properties in turbulent flows. Here, we show that the ridged surface texture of another swimming creature in the ocean, i.e., the scallops, also has some friction drag reduction effect. In this study, we investigated the potential drag reduction effects of scallop shell textures using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Specifically, we constructed a conceptual model featuring an undulating surface pattern on a conical shell geometry that mimics scallop. Simulations modeled turbulent fluid flows over the model inserted at different orientations relative to the flow direction. The results demonstrate appreciable friction drag reduction generated by the ribbed hierarchical structures encasing the scallop, while partial pressure drag reduction exhibits dependence on alignment of scallop to the predominant flow direction. Theoretical mechanisms based on classic drag reduction theory in turbulence was established to explain the drag reduction phenomena. Given the analogous working environments of scallops and seafaring vessels, these findings may shed light on the biomimetic design of surface textures to enhance maritime engineering applications. Besides, this work elucidates an additional evolutionary example of fluid drag reduction, expanding the biological repertoire of swimming species.

Assessment of reliable wave climate at jetty on open coasts: role of 2D spatio-temporal spectrum

ABSTRACT The development of coastal roads and bridges is important to overcome traffic congestion in densely populated coastal cities like Mumbai. In the present study, the importance of assessment of wave conditions required for the extension of jetties to facilitate the transportation of bridge components to build the sea link bridge during non-monsoon season is envisaged so that zero downtime for operability at jetties is ascertained. Coupled hydrodynamic spectral wave model (Telemac-2D and TOMAWAC) used to hindcast waves reveals that the application of spatio-temporal varying 2D directional spectrum (from ERA-5) over the offshore boundary as a forcing function helps in propagation of realistic wave climate of Mahim Bay, Mumbai. Coupling of the TOMAWAC-ARTEMIS model is essential to obtain reliable wave conditions near the jetties (nearshore) for predominant directions. The study reveals that under existing conditions, downtime at proposed jetties will be for 30 days wherein Hs ≥ 0.3 m. As such to achieve zero downtime, the existing bund on the seaward side of jetties was extended optimally (70 m) so that smooth operability for the entire non-monsoon is achieved. Thus, application of spatio-temporal varying 2D spectrum in optimising the length of the guide bund has been found promising for speedy transportation of proposed bridge components. The study also reveals that there is an insignificant climatological impact on wave conditions.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust in the Vicinity of Kota Thermal Power Plant under Meteorological Influence at an Industrial City

Nowadays, the assessment of indoor air quality becomes quite significant owing to the extensive residing time spent by people at work place or at office. Keeping this in mind, this study aims at determining concentrations of selected anthropogenic origin metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) and crustal origin metals (Ca and Fe) in 47 dust samples obtained from indoor environment of houses in the industrial Kota city, India in summer months (March, April and May, 2022) and October 2022 under meteorological influence. On looking at the comparative concentration of the studied anthropogenic origin metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) Zn is found to be in highest concentration followed by Pb, Cu and Cd respectively. During summer season, meteorological parameters such as speed and direction of wind, relative humidity, temperature have been observed which are found to affect the concentration of metals. The wind rose indicates the sampling sites facing predominant North wind direction (21.20%) from point source Kota Thermal Power Plant (KTPP) in summer were closest to the source and hence encountered the highest metal burden. It is inferred from Enrichment factor, Pearson’s correlations and principal component analysis that coal burning at Kota Thermal Power Plant is the major source of heavy metal burden accompanied by other anthropogenic actions in the study area.

Design of a Wireless Monitoring System for Vibration Characteristics of the Wheeled Tractor at Idle Speeds

To enhance the precision and efficiency of the tractor-failure-rate and equipment-quality inspection, the present study introduces a wireless rapid detection method for assessing tractor quality. For this study, which was based on the symmetrical structural characteristics of tractors, we designed a magnetic suction accelerometer. The test system was composed of a wireless router, a magnetic suction accelerometer sensor, a data-acquisition terminal, and other components. This test system aimed to test the equipment quality of the tractor at idle speed before leaving the factory. The experiment found that the vibration characteristics of the tractor had a symmetrical pattern on the left and right sides of the front and rear axle at idle. When the idle speed of the tractor was 800 r/min and 1000 r/min, the predominant vibration direction of both sides of the front axle of the tractor was the Y direction, while the predominant vibration direction of the rear axle was the Z direction. The experimental results showed that the proposed wireless rapid detection method of tractor quality and the designed acceleration sensor had good testing accuracy. The present study could provide a novel rapid detection method for the failure detection of power machinery in the agricultural field and for inspection before leaving the factory. The implementation of the method could improve the detection efficiency, and reduce the detection cost and the incidence of failure during actual use.

Abortion Opinion and Partisan Choice: Untangling the Causal Dynamics

Abstract Starting in the 1980s, U.S. voters began dividing on the abortion issue into pro-life Republicans and pro-choice Democrats. This study shows that the predominant direction of causality was that abortion opinion caused changes in partisanship rather than the reverse, which then had downstream consequences for vote choice. Working with the Youth Parent Socialization Panel Study, I show that those taking pro-choice and pro-life positions in 1982 subsequently changed their party identification to align with those views. By contrast, Democrats and Republicans, as of 1982, did not realign their abortion positions. The partisan conversions were concentrated among ideologically engaged (IE) respondents, especially IE women, who found themselves out of step with their party on abortion. By triggering changes in party identification, panelists’ abortion stances as early as 1982 influenced their vote choices downstream in the 1996 presidential election. Thus, issue-based realignment is viewed here in real time with data from a panel study.

A comprehensive assessment of wind energy potential and wind farm design in a coastal industrial city

Purpose Jubail Industrial City is one of the largest industrial centers in the Middle East, offering potential opportunities for renewable energy generation. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the wind resources in Jubail Industrial City and proposes the design of a smart grid-connected wind farm for this strategic location. Design/methodology/approach The study used wind data collected at three different heights above ground level – 10, 50 and 90 m – over four years from 2017 to 2020. Key parameters, such as average wind speeds (WS), predominant wind direction, Weibull shape, scale parameters and wind power density (WPD), were analyzed. The study used Windographer, an exclusive software program designed to evaluate wind resources. Findings The average WS at the respective heights were 3.07, 4.29 and 4.58 m/s. The predominant wind direction was from the north-west. The Weibull shape parameter (k) at the three heights was 1.77, 2.15 and 2.01, while the scale parameter (c) was 3.36, 4.88 and 5.33 m/s. The WPD values at different heights were 17.9, 48.8 and 59.3 W/m2, respectively. Originality/value The findings suggest that Jubail Industrial City possesses favorable wind resources for wind energy generation. The proposed smart grid-connected wind farm design demonstrates the feasibility of harnessing wind power in the region, contributing to sustainable energy production and economic benefits.

Analysis of wind characteristics and wind energy resource assessment for Tonga using eleven methods of estimating Weibull parameters

Analysisof wind characteristics and assessment of wind energy resource is carried out at a location in Tonga with the help of twelve months of measurements carried out at 34 m and 20 m heights above ground level. The daily, monthly and annual averages are computed. The wind shear analysis and its diurnal variation were studied and compared with the temperature variation. The turbulence levels at the two heights were estimated for the entire measurement period as well as for some typical days. For estimating the Weibull parameters, eleven methods were employed along with goodness of fit and error estimates to find the best method. The overall averaged wind speed for the entire period of study is estimated to be 4.41 m/s at 34 m above ground level. The predominant wind direction was south-east for Tonga. ‘Moments’ is seen to be the best method to determine accurate Weibull parameters. The average net annual energy production from one Vergnet 275 kW wind turbine is 198.57 MWh. A payback period of 8.95 years by installing five turbines near the measurement location was estimated, which is very encouraging in terms of investment. Installing wind turbines will lower the heavy reliance on the imported fossil fuels in the country and also help in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7.

On the motion of a viscous liquid with a free boundary

The problem of the non-stationary flow of a viscous liquid with an external free boundary around a moving solid cylindrical body was formulated and solved. The liquid is subject to periodic impacts with or without the predominant direction in space. To formulate the problem, the Navier—Stokes equation, the continuity equation, and the equation of conditions at both the solid and free boundaries of the liquid were used. New hydro-mechanical effects were discovered.

Long-Term Spatial Pattern Predictors (Historically Low Rainfall, Benthic Topography, and Hurricanes) of Seagrass Cover Change (1984 to 2021) in a Jamaican Marine Protected Area

Climate change and other anthropogenic factors have caused a significant decline in seagrass cover globally. Identifying the specific causes of this decline is paramount if they are to be addressed. Consequently, we identified the causes of long-term change in seagrass/submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) percentage cover and extent in a marine protected area on Jamaica’s southern coast. Two random forest regression (RFr) models were built using 2013 hydroacoustic survey SAV percentage cover data (dependent variable), and auxiliary and 2013 Landsat 7 and 8 reflectance data as the predictors. These were used to generate 24 SAV percentage cover and benthic feature maps (SAV present, absent, and coral reef) for the period 1984–2021 (37 years) from Landsat satellite series reflectance data. These maps and rainfall data were used to determine if SAV extent/area (km2) and average percentage cover and annual rainfall changed significantly over time and to evaluate the influence of rainfall. Additionally, rainfall impact on the overall spatial patterns of SAV loss, gain, and percentage cover change was assessed. Finally, the most important spatial pattern predictors of SAV loss, gain, and percentage cover change during 23 successive 1-to-4-year periods were identified. Predictors included rainfall proxies (distance and direction from river mouth), benthic topography, depth, and hurricane exposure (a measure of hurricane disturbance). SAV area/extent was largely stable, with >70% mean percentage cover for multiple years. However, Hurricane Ivan (in 2004) caused a significant decline in SAV area/extent (by 1.62 km2, or 13%) during 2002–2006, and a second hurricane (Dean) in 2007 delayed recovery until 2015. Additionally, rainfall declined significantly by >1000 mm since 1901, and mean monthly rainfall positively influenced SAV percentage cover change and had a positive overall effect on the spatial pattern of SAV cover percentage change (across the entire bay) and gain (close to the mouth of a river). The most important spatial pattern predictors were the two rainfall proxies (areas closer to the river mouth were more likely to experience SAV loss and gain) and depth, with shallow areas generally having a higher probability of SAV loss and gain. Three hurricanes had significant but different impacts depending on their distance from the southern coastline. Specifically, a hurricane that made landfall in 1988 (Gilbert), resulted in higher SAV percentage cover loss in 1987–1988. Benthic locations with a northwestern/northern facing aspect (the predominant direction of Ivan’s leading edge wind bands) experienced higher SAV losses during 2002–2006. Additionally, exposure to Ivan explained percentage cover loss during 2006–2008 and average exposure to (the cumulative impact of) Ivan and Dean (both with tracks close to the southern coastline) explained SAV loss during 2013–2015. Therefore, despite historic lows in annual rainfall, overall, higher rainfall was beneficial, multiple hurricanes impacted the site, and despite two hurricanes in three years, SAV recovered within a decade. Hurricanes and a further reduction in rainfall may pose a serious threat to SAV persistence in the future.

Snow chemical characteristics and meteorological controlling factors from three snowfalls of Gande in the Tibetan plateau

Water-soluble ions (Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and NH4+) and trace elements (Pb, Cd, Cr and As) in snow samples were analyzed from three different snowfall events (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) in December 2019 at Gande Meteorological Station, located in the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau region. From event Ⅰ to Ⅲ, the total concentration of water-soluble ions presented an increasing trend of 0.92, 1.43 and 3.01 mg L−1, respectively. The dominant cation was Ca2+ for all the events, while the dominate anion was SO42−, SO42− and Cl− in the event Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. Meteorological field and backward trajectory cluster analysis presented three different large-scale predominant wind directions of northwest wind, southwest wind and west wind for each event, revealing different transport processes and sources for snow components. The total concentration of water-soluble ions was mainly related to PM10 as the in-situ PM10 observation showed a similar increasing trend. The dominant trace element was different Pb, Cr and Pb in each event. The mixed source of crustal and industrial inputs was the key factor in three snowfalls, and its contribution was consistent with the concentration of dominant trace element. Herein, high fractions of Pb and Ca2+ were appeared in the event Ⅰ and Ⅲ, but largest proportion to Cr was enhanced in the event Ⅱ.

Using Deep Learning and Advanced Image Processing for the Automated Estimation of Tornado-Induced Treefall

Each year, numerous tornadoes occur in forested regions of the United States. Due to the substantial number of fallen trees and accessibility issues, many of these tornadoes remain poorly documented and evaluated. The process of documenting tree damage to assess tornado intensity is known as the treefall method, an established and reliable technique for estimating near-surface wind speed. Consequently, the demand for documenting fallen trees has increased in recent years. However, the treefall method proves to be extremely expensive and time-consuming, requiring a laborious assessment of each treefall instance. This research proposes a novel approach to evaluating treefall in large, forested regions using deep learning-based automated detection and advanced image processing techniques. The developed treefall method relies on high-resolution aerial imagery from a damaged forest and involves three main steps: (1) instance segmentation detection, (2) estimating tree taper and predicting fallen tree directions, and (3) obtaining subsampled treefall vector results indicating the predominant flow direction in geospatial coordinates. To demonstrate the method’s effectiveness, the algorithm was applied to a tornado track rated EF-4, which occurred on 10 December 2021, cutting through the Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area in Kentucky. Upon observation of the predicted results, the model is demonstrated to accurately predict the predominant treefall angles. This deep-learning-based treefall algorithm has the potential to speed up data processing and facilitate the application of treefall methods in tornado evaluation.