Predominance Of Complexes Research Articles

Functioning of Conceptual Metaphor in Shaping Image of Iraq in Regional and Federal Media in Germany

This comparative study examines the role of conceptual metaphorization as a means of shaping the image of Iraq in regional and federal media in Germany from 2019 to 2024. The analysis focuses on the frequency of metaphors, the magnitude and dominant features of the nominative field of metaphors, semantic and part-of-speech properties of metaphor representatives, and the salient characteristics of the country as components of its image, along with paradigmatic and syntagmatic relationships. It identifies both stable and variable patterns of metaphorization across the two groups of media. The study highlights recurring metaphors such as “Iraq as a Living Being,” “Iraq as an Incomplete Whole,” “Iraq as a Place of Uncontrolled Power,” “Iraq as a Warrior,” “Iraq as a Theater,” “Iraq as a Toy,” and “Iraq as a Refuge.” The findings conclude the effectiveness of conceptual metaphor as a tool for stereotyping; similarities in the composition of metaphors despite differences in their frequency and density across various German media; a predominance of complex, structural, and ontological metaphors; and the presence of compatible and coherent metaphors. Notably, there is an interdependence between the frequency and density of the nominative field of metaphors, with higher density observed in federal media; stability in terms of the part-of-speech affiliation of representatives and dominance of noun representatives; predominant overlap in the dominant features of nominative fields across different media groups; and the existence of metaphors with varying degrees of conventionality.

Fetal Nephrology: A Quaternary Care Center Experience.

Key Points Specialized fetal centers see a highly complex subset of patients with CAKUT with a predominance of complex or syndromic disease.The mortality rate for fetuses with complex developmental anomalies and CAKUTs or bilateral CAKUTs is high.Prenatal genetic testing was highly variable with limited diagnostic utility while focused postnatal genetic testing had much higher yield. Background Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs) represent 15%–20% of prenatally diagnosed abnormalities. Maternal characteristics, the frequency of various forms of kidney disease including CAKUT referred for prenatal nephrology consultation, and their perinatal outcomes are less well defined. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of fetal CAKUT and other forms of kidney disease referred for prenatal nephrology consults at Texas Children's Hospital Fetal Center from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. Results Two hundred seventeen prenatal nephrology consultations were performed during the study period, representing 4.7% of total Fetal Center referrals at a mean estimated gestational age of 25.2±5.7 weeks. Maternal characteristics were as follows: The mean age was 29.3±5.6 years; 14% had advanced maternal age; 10% had a family history of CAKUT or ESKD; 5% had diabetes mellitus; and 5% of pregnancies were in vitro fertilization-assisted. Fetal characteristics were as follows: 62.7% of fetuses were male and 16% had CAKUT associated with multiple congenital anomalies. The most common prenatal diagnoses were lower urinary tract obstruction in 71 (32.7%), unilateral renal agenesis or multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) in 52 (24.9%), bilateral agenesis or MCDK in 22 (10.1%), and bilateral cystic kidney disease in 19 (8.8%). Seventy-six percent of patients received genetic counseling. One hundred forty-one (64.9%) patients had some form of prenatal genetic testing with a positivity rate of 5.7%. Postnatal characteristics were as follows: 61 (28.1%) patients were seen in prenatal consultation only and no follow-up was available. Of the remaining 156 pregnancies, 136 (86.3%) were viable and delivered at a mean gestational age of 35.2±3.8 weeks. Of these, 100 (64%) survived to discharge. Additional postnatal genetic testing was obtained in 27 infants with a positivity rate of 59%. Conclusions Overall perinatal mortality for this cohort as a whole was high (35.8%). While prenatal genetic testing had a limited diagnostic utility, targeted postnatal genetic testing had a much higher diagnostic yield.

Conformational analysis of trans-[ReO 2(pn) 2] + in aqueous solution by NMR and DFT calculations

In this work we report a conformational study of [Re VO 2(pn)] 2 + (pn = 1,2-propylenediamine) in aqueous solution using experimental and theoretical approaches. The studies in aqueous solution were carried out by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and applying the Altona’s equation. Theoretically, the studies were performed by means of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the Gauge-Including Atomic Orbitals (GIAO) method. All 12 spatial dispositions arising from the relative orientation of the CH 3 substituents were studied. The results are consistent with the predominance of complexes with λλ ligand conformation. The computation analysis shows that only the λλ conformers exhibit a 1H-signal pattern in agreement with the experimental evidence. We proposed that only two main species can predominate in an aqueous solution of {Re VO 2[( R)-pn] 2} +. They should have a λλ conformation of the ( R)-pn ligands and the energy difference (PCM (Polarizable Continuum Model) methodology) between them is only 1.5 kJ mol −1.