Predictors Of Weight Reduction Research Articles

Predictors of weight reduction and maintenance in a large cohort of overweight and obese adults in a community setting.

In overweight/obese individuals, modest 5% weight loss and its maintenance promotes health; however, it is challenging and typically unachievable, especially in community settings. Established predictors of weight loss outcome in a community setting are lacking, hindering the development of practical interventions and prevention tools. Our aim was to identify predictors associated with 5% weight reduction (initial 6 months) and maintenance (1 year) in overweight and obese adults undergoing weight reduction treatment, free of charge, in a community setting. Computerised medical files of 11 842 adults aged 50.6 ± 16.3 years, attending 162 primary clinics, were analysed retrospectively. Thirty medical, biochemical and demographic independent variables were tested as potential predictors using multiple logistic regression models. Significant predictors of high successful weight reduction were: not being treated with insulin (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53), higher baseline body mass index (OR = 1.05) and younger age (OR = 0.98). Weight maintenance predictors were: successful initial weight reduction (OR = 1.26), short time intervals between weighings (OR = 0.88) and frequent weighing (OR = 0.95). Visits to a dietitian were significantly associated with success during both periods: each visit raised the probability of success by 13.4 and 7.6%, respectively. Type 2 diabetes or use of hypoglycaemic drugs were not significant predictors. In a community-based setting, number of visits to a dietitian is a strong predictor of successful weight reduction and maintenance. Initial success is a critical predictor of weight loss maintenance. Subgroup of older, diabetic patients treated with insulin has a dramatically lower probability of weight reduction success.

Comparison of individual and group cognitive behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder. A randomized, three-year follow-up study

Few long-term follow-up studies evaluated the response to psychotherapeutic interventions in binge eating disorder (BED). The effectiveness of individual and group cognitive-behavioral therapy, and the possible predictors of outcome were evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. At the beginning, at the end of treatments, and three years after the end of treatments, 144 patients affected by threshold or subthreshold BED were assessed using a clinical interview and self-reported questionnaires evaluating the eating attitudes and behavior, emotional eating, and general psychopathology. The following outcome measures were considered: recovery at 3-year follow-up, weight loss, treatment resistance, relapse, and diagnostic change. Both treatments showed similar response in terms of all outcome measures in the long-term, and determined a significant reduction of binge eating frequency, and a mild reduction of weight. The absence of a history of amphetamine derivatives consumption, lower emotional eating and binge eating severity at baseline were predictors of full recovery in the long-term. A low Emotional eating was found to be the only predictor of weight reduction. Overweight during childhood, full blown BED diagnosis, and high emotional eating were predictors of treatment resistance. Treatments considering the relationships between binge eating and emotional eating could improve the outcome of BED patients.

Gasto energético y composición corporal en mujeres con obesidad severa y mórbida sometidas a bypass gástrico

The effects of gastric bypass (GBP) on resting energy expenditure (REE) are not well known.To evaluate the changes in REE and its relationship with body composition in severe and morbid obese women before and six and twelve months after GBP.Twenty three women aged 37+/-10 years, with a body mass index of 44+/-4 kg/m(2), were evaluated before, six and twelve months after GBP. REE was measured in a Deltatrac indirect calorimeter and expressed as kcal/day Fat mass (EM), and fat free mass (EEM) were determined by double beam X-ray densitometry (DEXA).Body weight reduction six and twelve months after GBP was 29.0+/-4.3 and 35.8+/-6.9%, respectively. The best predictor of weight reduction was initial weight (p <0.01). At six and twelve months, REE decreased by 291.7+/-260.0 and 353.8+/-378.4 kcal/day, respectively. In the same periods REE/kg body weight increased by 3.3 and 4.8 kcal/kg respectively, compared to baseline. REE/kg EEM was unchanged.GBP was associated with significant changes in body composition after six and twelve months. However, despite weight reduction, resting energy expenditure per fat free mass unit did not change significantly.

Predicting Maximum Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass-Induced Weight Reduction — Preoperative Plasma Leptin or Body Weight?

Weight loss after bariatric surgery varies between patients, and predicting the extent thereof is often inaccurate. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of preoperative plasma leptin and body weight in predicting the maximum weight loss within 2 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). The study comprised 68 subjects (39 women, 29 men; mean age 36.4 +/- 10.2 years, body weight 130.3 +/- 24.8 kg, BMI 44.4 +/-6.8 kg/m2) undergoing RYGBP who were followed for 2 years. Baseline and maximum follow-up plasma leptin and weight were assessed. Mean maximum weight reduction of 50.5 +/- 19.1 kg (38.0 +/- 9.0%, range 24-100 kg) was noted at 15 +/- 4 months after RYGBP. Baseline plasma leptin was 37.9 +/- 14.5 ng/ml, and decreased to 17.4 +/- 8.1 ng/ml (P < 0.001) at maximum weight reduction. No significant correlation between baseline plasma leptin and absolute or relative weight reduction or minimum body weight achieved was noted. No significant plasma leptin threshold which would be predictive for any consistent extent of weight loss was found. However, baseline body weight was a strong determinant of minimum body weight attained (r = 0.67; P < 0.01) and of maximum absolute weight reduction (r = 0.81; P < 0.01). Preoperative plasma leptin concentration cannot be used as a predictor of weight reduction following RYGBP. Preoperative body weight is a reliable predictor of post-RYGBP weight loss.

Relationship between adherence and weight loss in a behavioral weight reduction program

The present study assessed the relationship between adherence to prescribed behaviors and weight loss. Subjects were overweight adults participating in a behavioral weight reduction program in a community mental health center. Adherence was measured by daily self-report records of performance of behaviors as well as unobtrusive ratings of observable behaviors by trained family members. Eleven of the 13 variables entered into a stepwise multiple regression were significant predictors of weight reduction, with the single best predictor being taking a 2-min pause during meals. All program behaviors were significantly correlated with the Weight Reduction Index. High levels of agreement between family member ratings and self-report data were observed. Taken together, these results indicate the presence of a strong relationship between adherence and weight loss.