Predictors Of Recall Research Articles

Predictors of correct recall of genetic risk information among Hispanic individuals in Florida and Puerto Rico

ObjectiveTo identify predictors of genetic risk recall and examine whether recall influences adoption of skin cancer preventive behaviors among Hispanic individuals. MethodsHispanic participants randomized to intervention arms (n = 463) of a precision prevention trial were provided MC1R risk information (average, higher) and asked to recall their risk after 3 and 9 months. Predictors of recall (correct versus did not recall/misremembered) were determined by backwards stepwise logistic regression. Intervention effects on preventive behaviors were estimated within strata of 3-month recall. ResultsAge inversely predicted correct recall in both risk groups (average: OR3-months(3)= 0.97, 95%CI:0.94–1.01, OR9-months(9)= 0.96, 95%CI:0.93–0.99; higher: OR3 = 0.98, 95%CI:0.95–1.01, OR9 = 0.98, 95%CI:0.95–1.00). Education positively predicted recall among participants at average risk (OR3 =1.64, 95%CI:1.06–2.63, OR9 =1.73, 95%CI:1.12–2.81). Darker untanned skin color inversely predicted recall among participants at higher risk (OR3 =0.68, 95%CI:0.45–0.99, OR9 =0.74, 95%CI:0.50–1.09). Intervention effects for routine sunscreen use and undergoing a clinical skin exam were stronger among participants at higher risk who correctly recalled at 3 months than those who did not recall/misremembered. ConclusionsYounger age, higher education, and lighter untanned skin color predicted correct recall. Better recall may improve skin cancer prevention outcomes. Practice ImplicationsAdditional strategies are needed to boost recall among Hispanic individuals who are older, less educated, and darker-skinned.

Abstract 1974: Predictors of correct recall of MC1R genetic risk among Hispanic individuals participating in a skin cancer precision prevention trial

Abstract Skin cancer incidence is increasing among US Hispanics, who experience higher morbidity and mortality and are underserved in precision medicine. A large proportion of Hispanics carry risk variants at MC1R, a robust genetic locus for skin cancer susceptibility. Recall is a fundamental psychological mechanism underlying how people receive health recommendations: better recall has been associated with greater adherence and improved outcomes. However, research on recall of genetic testing information for low to moderate penetrance genes, what predicts recall, and the influence of recall on preventive behavior is limited, especially among Hispanics. We report results of secondary analyses from our previously published randomized controlled trial among self-identified Hispanic participants from Tampa, Florida and Ponce, Puerto Rico. Participants randomized to the precision prevention arm (n=282) were provided MC1R risk information (average or higher) and were asked to recall their genetic risk after 3 and 9 months. Predictors of recall (correct recall, did not recall, or misremembered) at each timepoint were determined by backwards stepwise selection that optimizes AIC, which maximizes overall model fit notwithstanding individual variable p-values. Using all trial participants (n=920), intervention effects on 11 primary and secondary preventive behaviors collected at baseline and post-intervention were estimated within strata of 3-month recall. At 9 months post-intervention, there was a borderline difference in risk recall comparing average- and higher-risk participants (p=0.051), with higher-risk participants 3 times less likely to correctly recall their MC1R risk category (vs. misremember, OR=0.31, 95%CI:0.10-0.95) than average-risk participants. Among average-risk participants, common predictors of correct recall across the 3- and 9-month final models were younger age (OR3=0.97, 95%CI:0.94-1.01, OR9=0.96, 95%CI:0.93-0.99) and higher education (OR3=1.64, 95%CI:1.06-2.63, OR9=1.73, 95%CI:1.12-2.81). Among higher-risk participants, higher education was associated with correct recall at both timepoints (OR3=1.30, 95%CI:0.93-1.85, OR9=1.66, 95%CI:1.21-2.32). Reassessment of intervention effects showed no pattern of improved or worsened preventive behavior by 3-month recall among average-risk participants. However, higher-risk participants who correctly recalled at 3 months had greater odds of wearing sunscreen often or always (OR=1.97, p=0.04) and odds of undergoing a professional skin exam (OR=8.89; p=0.001) than those who did not recall or misremembered (OR=1.32, p=0.45, OR=6.36, p=0.007, respectively). Our results suggest the need for additional strategies, such as reinforcement, for Hispanics with lower education to boost recall, which may consequently improve adoption of preventive behaviors. Citation Format: John C. Lacson, Youngchul Kim, Steven K. Sutton, Richard G. Roetzheim, Susan T. Vadaparampil, Brenda Soto-Torres, Peter A. Kanetsky. Predictors of correct recall of MC1R genetic risk among Hispanic individuals participating in a skin cancer precision prevention trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1974.

Predictors of genetic risk recall among the participants of a randomized controlled precision prevention trial against melanoma

PurposeInherited variation in MC1R imparts low to moderate risk of melanoma. Research on genetic risk recall, factors predicting recall, and whether recall influences adoption of preventive behaviors is limited. MethodsParticipants (n = 447) enrolled in a melanoma precision prevention trial were provided with MC1R risk information (average or higher) and after 6 and 12 months, were asked to recall their genetic risk. Predictors of recall were identified using backward stepwise selection. Intervention effects were reassessed after stratifying by recall. ResultsParticipants at higher risk were 2 to 3 times more likely to misremember or not recall than participants with average risk. Misremembering was almost exclusively observed among participants at higher risk. Among the participants with average risk, lower health numeracy and not completing the telephone follow-up were associated with not recalling or misremembering. Among the participants at higher risk, lower education was associated with not recalling and lower perceived comparative chance of developing melanoma was associated with misremembering. In general, participants at higher risk who correctly recalled had modestly stronger intervention effects on sun protection behaviors than those who misremembered or did not recall. ConclusionFuture studies should examine different strategies to increase genetic risk recall, which may result in improved behavioral outcomes, especially among participants with lower education and health numeracy.

Overnight attending radiologist coverage decreases imaging-related emergency department recalls by at least 90.

Benefits of overnight attending radiologist final reports are debated, often stating low resident discrepancy rates, usually assessed retrospectively. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of overnight final reporting on the recall rates for patients in the emergency department (ED) receiving overnight imaging. Retrospective matched cohorts of two separate years prior (prior-16 and prior-17) and 1year after (post-18) introduction of overnight attending radiologist final reporting. Patients receiving imaging between 22:00 and 07:00h and returned to ED within 48h of initial visit discharge were electronically identified. String matching identified return visits possibly related to imaging completed on first visit. Identified return visit notes were scored by three observers individually. Unclear and discrepant cases were resolved by consensus meeting, using full patient charts where needed. Incidences were provided and logistic regression analysis defined if coverage model was a predictor for recall. Odds ratios were calculated. ED patient count with imaging completed overnight in prior-16 was 9200, in prior-17 was 9543, and in post-18 was 9992. The number of overnight imaging studies performed was respectively 13,883, 14,463, and 15,112. Imaging-related ED recalls were respectively 54, 61, and 7, a decrease with the new coverage model of 89% to true and at least 90% of expected recalls.Logistic regression demonstrated that coverage model was a significant predictor of ED recalls with chi-square of 59.86 and p< 0.001, an R2 of 0.03 (Hosmer and Lemeshow). Compared to post-18, ED patients had an odds ratio of 8.42 (prior-16) and 9.18 (prior-17) to be called back to ED. Overnight final reporting significantly decreases ED recalls for patients receiving diagnostic imaging overnight. While numbers are low even prior to rollout, the number should be minimized wherever possible to diminish patient anxiety and discomfort, reduce ED overcrowding and expedite definitive management. Section 1: What is already known on this subject • Radiology resident preliminary report discrepancy rates are low. • Overnight attending radiologist coverage is a model increasingly applied in academic and large non-academic centers. • Patient recalls to the ED are a burden to the patient and impact patient throughput in (over)crowded EDs. Section 2: What this study adds • First study to look at the impact of overnight attending final reports on the recall rate for ED patients with overnight imaging performed. • While absolute numbers are low, there is a significant decrease in patients returning to ED for imaging related issues after introducing overnight attending coverage. • Resident autonomy can be preserved and training enhanced while increasing patient safety and comfort.

Comparative values of variables related to brand logos

PurposeThis research aims to provide data and insights about the perception of commercial logos and to offer practical benchmark data useful to business organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe first study uses a pencil-and-paper survey to gather perceptual data about familiarity, subjective and objective visual complexity, aesthetic attraction, emotionality, number of colors and symbolic-social-status function of 142 brand logos. The second study uses a response time methodology to measure variables related to memory (i.e., cued recall and types of non-response).FindingsThe paper offers insights into the relationship of relevant symbol-related variables. Emotional arousal correlates positively to aesthetic attraction and cued recall, and negatively to symbol knowledge. Emotional arousal and social reputation correlate weakly. Business organizations should be interested in knowing how users rate the emotions of their own and other organizations’ isotypes. Familiarity correlates negatively to response times, and positively to proper cued recall, aesthetic attraction and self-assessment manikin emotional scale. The subjective measure of complexity and the measures related to emotions correlate. Surprisingly, no correlation exists for the objective measure of complexity with emotion. The results could indicate that an unknown effect of mere exposure of complexity exists. The study found no correlation between visual complexity and variables related to memory.Practical implicationsValues of performance are needed to interpret business excellence. Data presented as supplementary file can be used for benchmark brand-logo relevant aspects. Also, the study suggests measuring the emotional value of logos, especially strength, as it is a predictor of recall. Moreover, companies with a socially reputed logo should try to create an emotional link to it. Repetition and likeness are two ways to improve emotional ratings. Therefore, the study suggests organizations to assure that their target likes their logo. As more complex logos are considered more attractive, the authors would recommend organizations to test logos with different degrees of complexity.Originality/valueThis study is the first that offers normative logo data that can be used by practitioners as a benchmark of logo performance. Moreover, it promotes future research as it confirms and disconfirms previous findings and offers some new insight on brand research.

Recall rate in a semi-annual breast surveillance program for high-risk women.

11084 Background: High recall rate and unnecessary biopsies are a concern with screening mammogram (MMG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in young women at high risk for breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the overall recall rate (ORR) and its consequences in a semi-annual MRI surveillance protocol. Methods: A multi-modality surveillance program for women at high-risk for breast cancer was initiated in 2004. Yearly MMG was supplemented with semi-annual MRI. After 5 years of this protocol, an additional 5 years of follow-up with yearly MMG and MRI were offered only to mutation carriers. Defining positive screening as BIRADS 0, 4 and 5, ORR were analyzed and biopsies findings characterized. Fisher’s exact test was performed to evaluate association between the effect of MMG density, menopausal status, mutation status, age (&lt;50y or &gt; 50y), and previous breast cancer with recalls. Results: With a mean follow-up of 3.6 years, 226 patients (pts) underwent 1,467 MRI and 851 MMG. Among 56 abnormal MRI and 18 abnormal MMG, 62 pts (27%) were recalled for further tests (6 recalled at two screening episodes). The MRI and MMG ORR were 3.8% and 2.1%, respectively. Only six cases (8.8%) were abnormal for both tests. Overall, 50 additional breast ultrasound, 10 additional MMG, 8 additional MRI were performed. Of the 40 biopsies in 38 pts (2 pts were biopsied twice), 11 cancers were detected (ductal in situ: 3; invasive: 7 ductal and 1 lobular). Abnormal MRI findings led to 37 biopsies, of which 10 (27%) detected cancers. One high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ was exclusively detected by MMG. The first and second MRI screening rounds together showed 27/56 (66%) abnormal findings which led to 23/40 (58%) of the biopsies, and detected 5/11 (45%) of the tumors. No statistically significant predictors of recall were identified (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Semi-Annual MRI protocol did not show increased ORR when compared to annual MRI/MMG surveillance. Approximately two-thirds of all recalls were in the first two rounds of screening which is consistent with previous results. Ongoing work will evaluate clinical and MRI features associated with recall to improve practice. Clinical trial information: NCT00989638.

Mammographic image unsharpness: a predictable phenomenon?

In 2009, the South West of Scotland Breast Screening Unit (SWSBSU) had to repeat 236 examinations due to mammographic image unsharpness. Such recalls were undesirable because of radiation safety issues, anxiety caused and cost. The aim of this study was to model predictors of recall that could be used in clinical practise to help reduce the numbers of repeat examinations required due to blurring.

‘And I was very very crying’: Children's self‐descriptions of distress as predictors of recall

AbstractOne hundred and forty‐five children's (2–13‐year‐olds) self‐descriptions of how much they cried when injured and subsequently treated in a hospital emergency room were used as predictors of their recall accuracy, completeness and number of unique details in interviews occurring a week, a year and 2 years later. Hierarchical regressions showed that stress was related to all three ways of evaluating children's recall of their injury in initial interviews, although only the completeness of hospital recall was related to stress. For accuracy, stress compromised recall of 2–6‐year‐olds in initial but not later interviews; for completeness, stress compromised recall of both events in initial but not later interviews. In contrast, highly distressed children provided the most detail in their first two interviews and the oldest children still did so 2 years later. However, stress effects were modest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Does Age Really Matter? Recall of Information Presented to Newly Referred Patients With Cancer

To examine age- and age-related differences in recall of information provided during oncology consultations. Two hundred sixty patients with cancer diagnosed with heterogeneous cancers, seeing a medical or radiation oncologist for the first time, participated in the study. Patients completed questionnaires assessing information needs and anxiety. Recall of information provided was measured using a structured telephone interview in which patients were prompted to remember details physicians gave about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recall was checked against the actual communication in audio-recordings of the consultations. Recall decreased significantly with age, but only when total amount of information presented was taken into account. This indicates that if more information is discussed, older patients have more trouble remembering the information than younger ones. In addition, recall was selectively influenced by prognosis. First, patients with a poorer prognosis recalled less. Next, the more information was provided about prognosis, the less information patients recalled, regardless of their actual prognosis. Recall is not simply a function of patient age. Age only predicts recall when controlling for amount of information presented. Both prognosis and information about prognosis are better predictors of recall than age. These results provide important insights into intervention strategies to improve information recall in patients with cancer.

Story Comprehension and the Impact of Studying on Recall in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This study examined the impact of studying on story comprehension and recall among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants in the study were 36 children with ADHD and 43 nonreferred comparison children ages 7 to 11. The participants listened to 1 of 2 folktales and recalled the story both before and after studying a written version of the story for up to 10 min. The stories had been divided into individual events, and each event was coded for the number of causal connections it had to other story events. Each event was presented on a separate page of the study booklet so that time spent on each event could be recorded. All of the transcribed recalls were coded for which story events the participant correctly recalled. For both groups, recall increased as the number of causal connections increased, but the effect of the number of causal connections on recall was stronger for comparison children than for children with ADHD. The results revealed no group differences in studying behavior. However, when recall before studying was included as a predictor of recall after studying, studying was found to be more effective for higher IQ comparison children than for higher IQ children with ADHD, especially at the highest levels of causal connections. The results offer important leads for the development of academic interventions that are specific to the story-comprehension deficits of children with ADHD.

Comparing the Rey and Taylor Complex Figures: A Test-Retest Study in Young and Older Adults

The Rey and Taylor figures, two visual perception and memory tests, are not equivalent in terms of their difficulty. The purpose of this study was to examine factors such as age, gender, order of administration, copy time, and copy score that could account for the variability in recall performance. Copy score was shown to be the best overall predictor of recall. Younger participants recalled more units than older participants on both complex figures. Furthermore, older participants appeared to benefit more from the presentation of the Taylor figure first compared to when they were presented with the Rey figure first. The present findings reveal the importance of test order and provide equations that can be used to facilitate the comparison of scores derived from the two figures in test-retest situations.

Autobiographical Memory in Traumatic Brain Injury: Neuropsychological and Mood Predictors of Recall

Survivors of traumatic brain injury are often impaired in their recall of specific events. Depressed, suicidal, and post-traumatically stressed patients also tend to be over-general in autobiographical recall. In this study we examined the extent to which neurological damage and disturbed mood converge to lead to problems in autobiographical recall for survivors of traumatic brain injury. Eighteen participants completed measures of depression and anxiety (HAD), tests of general memory and immediate recall (Rivermead), andof current and premorbid verbal IQ (SCOLP). In addition they completed a 20 cue word autobiographical memory test and made causal attributions for their trauma events. Correlational analyses revealed tha tdifficulty in autobiographical recall was related to reduced immediate recall ability and mood disturbance. Remedial implications are discussed.

The Effects of the Cognitive Interview on Recall, Identification, Confidence and the Confidence/Accuracy Relationship

The effects of two interview techniques, the Cognitive Interview (CI) and the Structured Interview (SI), were examined in relation to recall, recognition, confidence and the confidence/accuracy relationship. Volunteer subjects witnessed a live staged event, and at set time delays (48 and 96 hours) were interviewed by means of either the CI or SI and made lineup identifications from both blank and filled lineup presentations. The CI significantly improved total recall (p<0.001) and correct recall (p<0.001) relative to the SI. There were no differences in either accuracy or error rates for the two conditions. The CI produced significantly higher ‘pre-post interview’ confidence ratings than the SI (p<0.05). Within-, between- and event-confidence ratings were not predictive of recall or recognition accuracy. Failure to find a significant consistent confidence/accuracy relationship was suggested to have occurred because of the operation of an accuracy assessment heuristic. The CI did not reliably improve identification from a filled lineup presentation relative to the SI, but did produce better performance on a blank lineup presentation (p<0.001). Confidence and the confidence/accuracy relationship involving identifications were not found to differ as a function of interview condition. Throughout the study multiple regression analyses failed to reveal consistent predictors of recall or recognition accuracy, confidence or the confidence/accuracy relationship of these two domains. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The role of health consciousness in predicting attention to health warning messages.

Guided by information processing theory and the health belief model, this paper considers the relationship between health consciousness among the general population and attention to environmental health warnings about alcohol consumption. Mechanisms of exposure to three dominant types of impersonal alcohol-related health messages in the environment are explored. Cross-sectional survey using telephone interview data. A representative nationwide sample of adults was interviewed in 1993 (n = 1026), with a response rate of 63%. Key variables include exposure to warning labels on alcoholic beverages, to point-of-sale posters, and to advertisements in the media, as well as respondents' alcohol consumption, health problems (indicative of salience of health warnings), and level of health consciousness assessed by items tapping concern with nutrition and seeking information on health topics. In the total sample, over a third had seen a warning label or poster and almost all had seen an advertisement about the risks associated with alcohol consumption in 1993. Survey respondents scored very high on five individual items that make up the health consciousness scale introduced here, with 69% endorsing all items. The scale demonstrated good internal reliability (alpha = .70) and was significantly correlated (p < .01) with not enjoying getting drunk and with usually reading product warning labels, suggesting construct validity. Yet the hypothesized strong relationships between health consciousness and attention to health warnings about drinking were not observed; nor was salience of messages a predictor of recall. Importantly, high proportions of underage drinkers and young adults at elevated risk for drinking problems are reached by container warning label messages. Mechanisms of exposure recall vary based on message source, with "container label recall" associated with heavier drinking, younger age, and purchasing patterns; "poster recall" associated with purchasing and health consciousness; and "advertisement recall" associated with heavy consumption and younger age. These results are contrary to predictions from skeptics of broad-based informational interventions, who argue that only the already-health conscious are attentive to health warnings about the risks of alcohol consumption. These data suggest that the label is reaching intended target audiences, especially younger people, males, and heavier alcohol consumers. Future research in predicting attention to impersonal health warnings in the environment should continue to improve the assessment of constructs such as salience and health consciousness, and should further test the applicability of available theoretical models. Subsequent research should also consider additional measures to tap mechanisms of exposure to impersonal health messages to enable a better understanding of the population that is not being reached by such public health interventions.

Role of Imagery in Recall of Deviant News

The purpose of this paper is to examine why a deviant news story such as “Man bites dog” is more memorable than “Dog bites man.” Distinctiveness and imagery present two competing theoretical positions to explain the advantage that deviant news events have over nondeviant events. While the distinctiveness hypothesis is based on schema incongruence, the imagery hypothesis is based on Paivio's dual coding theory. Findings from two experiments support the imagery hypothesis, which suggests that imagery-evoking potential of deviant news is a better predictor of recall than schema incongruity. The advantage in recall for deviant news almost disappeared for high deviance/low imagery news events. Further, path analysis from both experiments indicates that there is no direct path between deviance and recall, but only an indirect path through imagery. In sum, this paper highlights the importance of imagery in news language and its potential impact on memory and learning.

Accuracy of patient recall of opportunistic smoking cessation advice in general practice.

To determine the accuracy of patient recall of a question about smoking in a specified consultation in general practice; the accuracy of smokers' recall of advice to stop smoking; and predictors of accurate recall. Analysis of 1075 audiotapes was compared blind with matching patient questionnaires administered after the consultation to calculate sensitivity and specificity for patient recall as a dichotomous variable. Predictors of recall were determined by logistic regression. General practitioner training practices, New South Wales, Australia. Thirty-four trainees and consecutive samples of their patients 16-65 years of age. Patient recall of a question about smoking had a high false positive rate of 21% but a sensitivity of 93%. Smokers over-reported advice to stop smoking (specificity 82%; sensitivity 92%). Predictors of accuracy of a question about smoking included patient sex (women 1.58 times more likely than men to be accurate); smoking status (smokers 1.7 times as likely as non-smokers to be accurate); and interval since consultation (those who completed their questionnaires within a week were 1.84 times more likely to be accurate). Patient recall is systematically biased towards over-reporting of a question about smoking status and, among smokers, of advice to quit. Although we recommend its continued application in health services evaluation, findings should be interpreted with caution, particularly if subjects are male or the interval between recall of smoking cessation advice and the occasion of service in which it might have occurred is considerably delayed.

Emotional Descriptors of Words as Predictors of Recall in a Paired-Associate Task

An extended replication of Contini and Whissell's 1992 experiment (N = 64 subjects) confirmed that there is a recall disadvantage for emotional words, especially active words, whether these serve as the cue or as the associate in a paired-associate task. A regression formula with trials, two gender variables, and seven emotional predictors (R2 = .77) was successful in predicting recall for 160 trials. Words or their CVC associates were better recalled if the words were emotionally neutral and least well recalled if the words were active or both unpleasant and passive.

Elaborative interrogation and children's learning of unfamiliar facts

AbstractIn two experiments, Canadian children in grades 6 and 7 processed facts about Canada and the U. S. under instructions to: (a) explain why the facts were true (elaborative interrogation); (b) read the facts with elaborations provided (provided elaborations); or (c) read the facts to remember (reading control). In Experiment 1, recall of Canadian facts was higher in the elaborative‐interrogation condition than in the elaboration‐provided condition. In Experiment 2 (Canadian and US facts), there were no significant differences in recall. Although only one comparison reached statistical significance, recall was descriptively greatest in the elaborative‐interrogation condition in both experiments with both Canadian and US facts. Across both experiments the average effect size of elaborative interrogation was 0.40 SD compared to the reading‐control and 0.56 SD compared to the elaboration‐provided condition. The quality of children's explanation in the elaborative‐interrogation condition was related to probability of recall. Inclusion of prior knowledge in the children's explanations was a better predictor of recall than was the adequacy of explanations.

Impact of concreteness on comprehensibility, interest, and memory for text: Implications for dual coding theory and text design.

The comprehensibility, interestingness, familiarity, and memorability of concrete and abstract instructional text were investigated in 4 experiments. Experiment 1 investigated relationships between ratings of concreteness, familiarity, interestingness, and comprehensibility in concrete and abstract sentences about historical figures. Experiment 2 investigated the immediate and delayed recall of those sentences, and employed rating norms from Experiment 1 as predictors of recall. Experiments 3 and 4 replicated aspects of Experiments 1 and 2 with paragraphs of varying length. Results indicated that concreteness (ease of Imagery) was the variable overwhelmingly most related to comprehensibility and recall

Predictors of Recall of Medication Regimens and Recommendations for Lifestyle Change in Elderly Patients

Predictors of Recall of Medication Regimens and Recommendations for Lifestyle Change in Elderly Patients