Predictors Of Depression In Women Research Articles

Prevalence and Predictors of Depression in Women with Osteoarthritis: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Nationally Representative Survey Data.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in the US and can increase the risk of depression. Both depression and OA disproportionately affect women, yet this study is one of few on depression prevalence, treatment across age groups, and predictors in women with OA. Data were extracted from the 2011-March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Women aged ≥ 45 years with self-reported osteo- or degenerative arthritis were included. Outcomes were depression (assessed with PHQ-9) and treatment (self-reported pharmacotherapy and mental health services). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between age group, covariates, and outcomes. Overall, depression prevalence was 8%, with higher proportions among those 45-64 years old. Aging was associated with reduced odds of depression (Age 65-79: OR 0.68 (95% CI: 0.52-0.89); Age 80+: OR 0.49 (95% CI: 0.33-0.74); vs. Age 45-54). Of those with a positive depression screen, 21.6% documented some form of treatment. Age group was not statistically different between those treated and those not treated. Women aged 45-64 with osteoarthritis may be at increased risk of depression, and most are not treated. As depression is related to increased pain and risk of rehospitalization, future research should prioritize interventions to increase uptake of depression treatment.

The effects of body dissatisfaction, sleep duration, and exercise habits on the mental health of university students in southern China during COVID-19.

Following the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, universities around the world adopted a closed management model and various restrictive measures intended to reduce human contact and control the spread of the disease. Such measures have had a profound impact on university students, with a marked increase in depression-related psychological disorders. However, little is known about the specific status and factors influencing the impact of the pandemic on student mental health. Addressing this gap, this study examines the body dissatisfaction, physical activity, and sleep of university students during the pandemic, and uses their levels of depression to provide a theoretical basis for the development of mental health interventions for university students in the post-epidemic era. To achieve this, a total of 1,258 university students were randomly recruited for this cross-sectional study. Collected data included respondents' anthropometric measurements, body dissatisfaction levels, dietary habits, sleep status, physical activity levels, and depression levels. The overall detection rate of depression was 25.4%, with higher levels of depression among women. Multiple regression analysis showed that the PSQI score (β = 1.768, P < 0.01) and physical activity scores (β = -0.048, P < 0.01) were significant predictors of depression in men, while the PSQI score (β = 1.743, P < 0.01) and body dissatisfaction scores (β = 0.917, P < 0.01) were significant predictors of depression in women. Mental health problems were prevalent among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate the possibility of alleviating depression among university students by improving their body dissatisfaction, physical activity, and sleep. However, as this study was limited to Ganzhou City, it is challenging to extrapolate the findings to other populations. As this was a cross-sectional study, a causal relationship between depression levels and lifestyle habits cannot be determined.

ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AS PREDICTOR OF DEPRESSION AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN WOMEN

This research was conducted to find out adverse childhood experiences as predictor of depression and suicidal behavior in women, to find out relationship between adverse childhood experiences depression and suicidal behavior, explore that which Adverse Childhood Experience are more common in these women. A correlational research design was used. 300 women who had depression with suicidal attempts were taken from the psychiatry departments of different government hospitals of the Lahore. The age range of women was between 19 to 40 years. Both married and unmarried women were taken for the study. Demographic form, Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory were used. Results showed that Adverse Childhood Experiences predict depression and suicidal behavior, and it also indicated strong association between adverse childhood experiences, depression and suicidal behavior in women. Physical, emotional, verbal abuse and physical neglect were more common in women who had depression and suicidal attempts. Childhood adversities are predictors of depression in women with suicidal behavior and these adverse experiences are strongly associated with depression and suicidal attempts in Pakistani women. Parents do not give proper attention to their children. Majority of children had to face a variety of problems in their childhood. Proper mental health facilities are not available in Pakistan. It is required to give proper attention in this area to save our women from these problems. Keywords: Adverse, experiences, correlational, emotional abuse, physical neglect, suicidal behavior, mental health.

1090 Self-Reported Sleep Quality is a Robust Predictor of Depression in Women With Irregular Menstrual Cycles

Abstract Introduction Menstrual cycle regularity is an important marker of women’s health. Abnormalities are associated with serious health complaints, e.g., infertility, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Cycle irregularity is also linked to depression, anxiety and poor quality sleep. In fact, poor sleep and circadian misalignment may precede menstrual irregularity for some. This study describes sleep and affective characteristics of women with menstrual cycle irregularity compared to regularly cycling women and examined the individual contributions of sleep and menstrual regularity to affective symptoms. Methods N=314 (Mage=20.95, SD=2.35) women provided reports of menstrual health characteristics (frequency, duration, related symptoms), sleep over the past month (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI) and on the previous night, as well as mood (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) symptoms. Results Among the 20.4% (n=64) of women who endorsed “always irregular” periods, mean cycle length (m=31.33 days, sd=8.5) was significantly greater than among women more regular periods (m= 27.93, sd=3.83, t(55.37)=-2.78, p=.007). This subgroup also reported higher PSQI scores (t(181)=-2.56, p=.011), longer SOL (t(282)=-3.00, p=.003), poorer sleep quality overall (t(299)=-2.35, p=.02), and poorer sleep quality on the previous night (t(300)=2.70, p=.007). Irregular cyclers reported significantly more depressive (t(284)=-2.18, p=.03) but not anxiety symptoms. When sleep and menstrual irregularity were entered into a hierarchical linear regression to examine their relative influence on depressive symptoms (F[2,174]=13.15, p&amp;lt;.001, R2=.13), sleep remained the only significant predictor (b= 1.13, p &amp;lt;.001) and menstrual cycle effects were no longer significant. Conclusion In line with previous studies, cycle irregularity was associated with poorer sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Sleep quality was found to be a more robust predictor of depression than menstrual cycle irregularity, suggesting that sleep may underlie the affective disturbances in women with more irregular menstrual cycles. Support n/a

The clinically crucial predictors of depression in women with systemic autoimmune diseases

The researchers’ aim of this study was to identify and quantify the useful, clinically crucial predictors of depression in Taiwanese women with systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs). We used a cross-sectional method. A total of 241 Taiwanese women with SADs between 21 and 85 years of age participated in the study. Analysis revealed that the strongest predictors of depression in participants were: perceived stress, fatigue, mental health, physical health, chronic-disease-related comorbidities, self-perceived SAD severity, and social support. The model used in the present study explained 70.9% of the variance in the depression.

Predictors of Depression in Iranian Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Depression is a major complication of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Lifestyle modification can prevent it. This study aimed to determine the predictors of depression in women with PCOS. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 174 women who attended in infertility clinics in Urmia-Iran, 2015. The data were collected through socio-demographic, Beck Depression Inventory-II and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-2 questionnaires. The mean (standard deviation) of total score of the depression was obtained 27.4 (10.5) in the range 0-63. The mean (SD) of total score of the health promoting lifestyle was obtained 2.2 (0.3) out of 4. Based on multivariate linear regression, the variables of nutrition, interpersonal relationships, spiritual growth, stress management, BMI, the perceived stress of the disease, the first supporter and menstrual bleeding were predictors of the depression. Given the high prevalence of depression in PCOS patients and its relationship with health-promoting behaviors, lifestyle modification to reduce depression is necessary.

Predictors of Depression Among Adult Women With Diabetes in the United States: An Analysis Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data From 2007 to 2012.

The purpose of the study was to identify the sex-specific characteristics that predict depression among adult women with diabetes. Data from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States were used to identify the predictors of depression in a large sample of women ages 20 years and older with diabetes (n = 946). When extrapolated to almost 9 million women in the United States ≥ 20 years of age with diabetes, 19.0% had depression. Female-specific significant predictors of depression included younger age (< 65 years old), less than high school graduation, self-rated fair or poor health, inactivity due to poor health, and pain that interferes with usual activities. Marital status and diabetes-related factors (years living with diabetes, use of insulin, parent or sibling with diabetes) were not significant predictors of depression in adult women with diabetes. When educating and counseling women with diabetes, diabetes educators should be aware that some of the predictors of depression in women with diabetes differ from those of populations that include both sexes. Depression screening, although important for all women with diabetes, should especially be performed among women with female-specific depression predictors.

Predictors of depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In a cross-sectional study of 114 women seeking consultation for symptoms of PCOS (menstrual irregularity, hirsutism, and/or acne), personal and family history of depression (HD and FHD respectively) were enquired. Vitamin D status (n = 104) and manifest depressive symptoms assessed by personal health questionnaire (PHQ) (MD) were evaluated in a subset (85). Relationships between HD and MD with PCOS symptoms, FHD, and vitamin D status were assessed using adjusted analyses. Thirty-five percent acknowledged a HD; MD (PHQ > 4) was apparent in 43 %. HD was associated with hirsutism (OR 2.4, 95 % CI 1.01-5.9), disturbed sleep (OR 3.0, 95 % CI 1.3-6.9), and with FHD (OR 4.8, 95 % CI 1.7-13.5). Disturbed sleep (OR 2.4, 95 % CI 1.01-5.7) and FHD (OR 3.8, 95 % CI 1.3-11.2) were independent predictors of HD adjusting for race and BMI. An inverse correlation was noted between serum 25 OH vitamin D (25OHD) levels and PHQ score, but only in those with vitamin D deficiency (25OHD ≤ 30 ng/ml, n = 57, r =-0.32, p = 0.015). 25OHD < 20 ng/ml (OR 3.5, 95 % CI 1.1-11.8) and HD (OR 12.8, 95 % CI 3.6-45.2) predicted scoring in the highest PHQ tertile after adjusting for hirsutism, BMI, and race. In women with PCOS, disturbed nocturnal sleep and FDH predicted personal HD, whereas HD and vitamin D deficiency related to the severity of MD symptoms.

P02-497 - Prenatal depression: role of childhood stressors, current stressors and past emotional disorders

BackgroundVery few studies have conducted a multivariate analysis incorporating both the major predictors of depression in women, in accordance with comprehensive developmental models of depression, and specific stressors associated with the biological and psychosocial state of the mother-to-be.MethodologyWe used a cross-sectional cohort design to analyze the associations between prenatal depression and potential risk factors. 693 French-speaking women with singleton pregnancies at 20–28 weeks’ gestation were consecutively recruited. Fifty women with missing values were subsequently excluded from the analysis. Depressive symptoms were assessed on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Risk factors were either extracted from the computerized obstetric records or assessed by means of self-administered questionnaires. The associations between prenatal depression and the potential risk factors were assessed using log-binomial regression models to obtain a direct estimate of relative risk.Principal findingsThe following factors were found to be significant in the multivariate analysis: level of education, past psychiatric history, stress related to the health and viability of the fetus and stress related to severe marital conflicts or to serious difficulties at work. An association was also found with the previous delivery of a child with a major or minor birth defect. Univariate analyses revealed a strong association with childhood adversity (parental rejection and family secrets).ConclusionsOur study identifies several risk factors that could easily be assessed in clinical practice. It draws attention to the impact of previously delivering a child with a birth defect and to the association with childhood adversity.

Developmental Model of Depression Applied to Prenatal Depression: Role of Present and Past Life Events, Past Emotional Disorders and Pregnancy Stress

BackgroundSeveral risk factors for depression during pregnancy have already been established. However, very few studies have conducted a multivariate analysis incorporating both the major predictors of depression in women, in accordance with comprehensive developmental models of depression, and specific stressors associated with the biological and psychosocial state of the mother-to-be.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe used a cross-sectional cohort design to analyze the associations between prenatal depression and potential risk factors. 693 French-speaking women with singleton pregnancies at 20–28 weeks' gestation were consecutively recruited at Caen University Hospital. Fifty women with missing values were subsequently excluded from the analysis. Depressive symptoms were assessed on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Risk factors were either extracted from the computerized obstetric records or assessed by means of self-administered questionnaires. The associations between prenatal depression and the potential risk factors were assessed using log-binomial regression models to obtain a direct estimate of relative risk (RR). The following factors were found to be significant in the multivariate analysis: level of education (p<0.001), past psychiatric history (adjusted RR = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1;2.8, p = 0.014), stress related to the health and viability of the fetus (adjusted RR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.6;4.1, p<0.001), and stress related to severe marital conflicts (adjusted RR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5;3.9, p<0.001) or to serious difficulties at work (adjusted RR = 1.6, 95% CI :1.04;2.4, p = 0.031). An association was also found with the previous delivery of a child with a major or minor birth defect (adjusted RR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.04;4.0, p = 0.038). Univariate analyses revealed a strong association with childhood adversity (parental rejection: RR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2;2.8, p = 0.0055 and family secrets: RR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2;3.1, p = 0.0046) and with lack of partner support (RR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30;0.84, p = 0.0086).Conclusions/SignificanceOur study identifies several risk factors that could easily be assessed in clinical practice. It draws attention to the impact of previously delivering a child with a birth defect. The association with childhood adversity warrants further study.

A depressive symptoms responsiveness model for differentiating fatigue from depression in the postpartum period

Fatigue is both a symptom and a predictor of depression in women after childbirth. At the same time, postpartum fatigue is experienced by most non-depressed women. Health care providers experientially know that not all women who experience postpartum fatigue will manifest depression. However, while researchers agree that fatigue and depression are distinct concepts, they have not yet identified a means for describing or measuring this distinctness. A new model proposing how fatigue may be differentiated from depression after childbirth is presented. The Depressive Symptoms Responsiveness Model proposes that depression-related postpartum fatigue may potentially be differentiated from non-depression-related postpartum fatigue on the basis of whether depressive symptoms abate when fatigue is relieved. The ability to differentiate between fatigue and depression in postpartum women has the potential to improve women's health through improvements in practice and resource utilization. Furthermore, differentiation may lead to a better understanding of the role of fatigue in postpartum depression.

Women with Low Activity are at Increased Risk for Depression

This study assessed if there are sex differences in the relationship between amount of physical activity and depression in primary care outpatients. Participants (N= 111), referred by their family physicians, wore a heart-rate monitor for 24 hr. The two-lead monitor collected the number of beats per minute and minute-averaged horizontal movement data, e.g., from walking or moving about. All participants underwent structured clinical interviewing using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. For the total sample, patients with low activity were more likely to be depressed (p<.006). Adults under the age of 45 (n=85) with low activity were 7.4 times more likely to be depressed than young adults who showed normal activity. However, in adults 45 or older, there was no relationship between activity and depression. In a subsample of women under the age of 55 (n=70), 91% of the low activity group and 39% of the normal activity group were diagnosed with depression (p<.003). Women in the low activity group were 15.7 times more likely to be depressed than women in the normal activity group. In contrast, there was no relationship between activity and depression in men. Additional research is needed to assess whether low activity is a potent predictor of depression in women.

Poverty, Inequality, and Discrimination as Sources of Depression Among U.S. Women

Poverty, inequality, and discrimination endanger women's well-being. Poverty is one of the most consistent predictors of depression in women, probably because it imposes considerable stress while attacking many potential sources of social support. Economic inequalities within societies are associated with reduced life expectancy and a variety of negative physical health outcomes. Parallel research on economic inequalities and depression has just begun. Discrimination maintains inequalities, condemns women to lives of lessened economic security, and exposes them to unmerited contempt. Although the mental health impact of poverty is documented and largely understood, the implications of inequality and discrimination are less well known. Much important work remains to be done, particularly research that connects individuals' mental health to ecological characteristics of the communities and societies in which they live.

Child sexual abuse - a predictor of persistent depression in adult rape and sexual assault victims

Objective: To examine the association between adult rape and sexual assault and persistent depression. Design: A two stage case detection and case identification design, using the 30-item General Health Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory for screening and the affective items relating to current functioning on the Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders Schedule to identify depressed cases. Details of sexual abuse were elicited retrospectively by semi-structured interview. Details of sexual abuse were gathered from childhood and from adult life. Setting: Three general practices in middle class suburban, deprived inner city, and rural areas. Subjects: One thousand, one hundred and eighty-nine women were screened and 237 subsequently interviewed; 132 were depressed. Results: Thirty-five (15 %) of the interviewees had been sexually assaulted or raped in adult life. Seventy-three (31 %) reported experience of child sexual abuse involving contact. Adult rape and sexual assault were not related to depression unless there had also been prior child sexual abuse. Conclusion: Child sexual abuse is a predictor of persistent depression in women who are sexually assaulted or raped in adult life.

PREDICTORS OF DEPRESSION IN WOMEN

The identification of depression in women is a challenge for nurses. Case finding for health promotion can be performed when risk factors are identified, when a determination of symptoms using DSM III-R2 criteria is made, and when the clients are referred for appropriate interventions. The referring nurse can be a support system while the client is in the initial phases of intervention. Nurses can have a major role in the identification of and planning of treatment for women who are depressed or at risk for depression.