Predictors Of Cervical Cancer Screening Research Articles

Trauma, PTSD, and Self-Efficacy: Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening in Sexual Violence Survivors.

Sexual violence is highly prevalent in the United States and is associated with a host of negative physical and mental health outcomes. Specifically, sexual violence is associated with increased rates of cervical cancer, one of the most common cancers found in women. Furthermore, sexual violence survivors report reduced participation in preventive healthcare behaviors (e.g., Pap tests) which may reduce individuals' risk of developing reproductive health conditions such as cancer. Sexual violence exposure is also associated with increased symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and reduced trauma-coping self-efficacy (TCSE), two factors that may impact trauma-exposed individuals' level of avoidance of cervical cancer screens. Current research on the connection between sexual violence and reproductive healthcare often fails to examine potential underlying mechanisms behind this association, nor does it account for confounding factors such as healthcare accessibility and need. Accordingly, the present study tested a proposed moderated mediation model to explore the association between sexual violence and cervical cancer screening participation, including analysis of the indirect effect of TCSE and potential moderation of this effect by PTSD symptoms. Participants were 554 participants who reported experiences of sexual violence on Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Severity of sexual violence was significantly associated with reduced likelihood of participation in recommended cervical cancer screening. TCSE did not mediate nor did PTSD moderate this association. Findings of this study suggest that individuals' reproductive healthcare behaviors are influenced by their experiences of sexual trauma, as well as by structural factors such as insurance and income. Limitations, directions for future research, and clinical implications of study findings are discussed.

Knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer screening among women aged 30–49 years attending selected health facilities in Ethiopia: Using structural equation model

BackgroundAccording to estimates, there were 570,000 new cases of cervical cancer in 2018, making it the fourth most common malignancy among women worldwide. Almost all 342,000 deaths from cervical cancer take place in low- and middle-income countries, accounting for 90 % of deaths. Few studies use structural equation modeling to comprehensively analyze the predictors of cervical cancer screening. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among women aged 30–49 years in Ethiopia. MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among eligible women attending health centers in Oromia and the southern nationality People regions. A systematic random sampling method was used to select 916 respondents. The data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was employed to assess the direct and indirect relationship between knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer screening. ResultsThe overall proportion of knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer detection among women 30–49 years of age were 28 % and 57 %, respectively., income (adjusted β= 0.075, 95 % CI: 0.042, 0.091), being urban (adjusted β= 0.088, 95 % CI: 0.062, 0.093), being employee (adjusted β= 0.119, 95 % CI: 0.113, 0.342), the number of parity (adjusted β= 0.014, 95 % CI: 0.012, 0.021), usage of contraceptive (adjusted β= 0.719, 95 % CI: 0.057, 0.082) and family history of cervical cancer (adjusted β= 0.211, 95 % CI: 0.18, 0.302) were statistically significant associated factors with knowledge and Being smoker (adjusted β=-0.157, 95 % CI: 0.265, −0.141). Having multiple sexual partnership (adjusted β= 0.169, 95 % CI: 0.148, 0.349), having formal education (adjusted β= 0.118, 95 % CI: 0.052, 0.294), live in urban area (adjusted β= 0.116, 95 % CI: 0.023, 0.347), knowledge (adjusted β= 0.42, 95 % CI: 0.301, 0.567) were statistically significant associated factors with the attitude of women toward cervical cancer screening. Conclusionsand recommendation: The study highlights a lack of awareness of cervical cancer screening, highlighting the need for improved routine practices, education campaigns, and treatment provision.

Factors influencing cervical cancer screening uptake among the women in Maesot, Tak province, Thailand

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most significant public health issues in Thailand. The number of women who have had cervical cancer screenings has increased over time; however, if major obstacles are not addressed, it will become challenging to maintain this success. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the magnitude and factors influencing cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Maesot, Tak Province, Thailand. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Maesot, Thailand. A structured questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the magnitude of the cervical cancer screening uptake and associated factors. The association was described with an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) at the statistically significant level of p-value < 0.05. Results: Of the total 422 women, the average age was 38.82 ±8.46 years. Nearly one-fourth of the respondents were Thai nationals. Almost 70% of respondents were married, and 80% were employed. About one-third of respondents had a high school level of education. The magnitude of Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake (CCSU) was 13.27% (95% CI: 10.34-16.86). Age ≥ 40 years (AOR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.05-4.40), Christian and having others religion (AOR=2.19,95% CI:1.08-4.44), married between 26 years to 43 years (AOR= 2.93, 95%CI: 1.45-5.93), having good knowledge of cervical cancer (AOR= 4.70, 95%CI: 2.22-9.72), and having good knowledge of cervical cancer screening program (AOR= 6.58, 95%CI: 2.82-17.77) were significant predictors of cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: Cervical cancer screening among women in Maesot is lower than that of national coverage of Thailand. Determining factors for the decision to undergo cervical cancer screening uptake include age, religion, age of marriage, knowledge of cervical cancer and knowledge of cervical cancer screening program. To improve uptake, structured screening programs need to be implemented in collaboration with national partners and institutions to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer in Thailand.

Cervical Cancer Screening Barriers Among Citizens of Jeddah.

The cervix, a cylindrical structure made of stroma and epithelium, is the lowest point of the uterus. A tissue-proven biopsy of the cervix with histological confirmation is necessary for aberrant cytologic results of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears to rule out cervical cancer. This study investigates barriers to cervical cancer screening among women. A cross-sectional study including 665 Saudi Arabian women residing in Jeddah between the ages of 21 and 65 years was carried out from May to November 2023. A four-part online survey was used to gather the data, which included questions about demographics, cervical cancer screening status, screening barriers, and predictors of cervical cancer screening. The most common barrierto Pap test screening was "have not been to a doctor/no regular provider"(39.7%, N = 251), followed by "lack of provider recommendation/or limited or no information in the community" (30.4%, N = 192) and "low priority/did not perceive need/being healthy" (27.7%, N = 175). The study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing cervical cancer screening in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The low prevalence of screening indicates a need for increased awareness and targeted interventions to improve uptake.

Utilization of cervical cancer screening service among female health workforces in public health institutions in south east Ethiopia, a cross-sectional study

IntroductionGlobally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer, accounting for 6.6%of all female cancers, and ranks as the second leading cause of female cancer deaths. Cervical cancer can be avoided if asymptomatic women are screened for precancerous cervical lesions and treated before they progress to invasive disease. Female health workforces are expected to be in a better position to be motivated and initiate society towards the screening by being role models, but there have been few studies done in Ethiopia to assess the utilization of cervical cancer screening services and its associated factors among female health workforces. ObjectiveTo assess utilization of cervical cancer screening service and associated factors among female health workforces in public health institutions Bale zone, Sothern Ethiopia. MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 266 female health workforces from May 1 st to May 30th, 2021 using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was entered on Epi data 3.1 software and exported to Statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors of cervical cancer screening. Statistical significance for the multivariable logistic regression analysis was set at p < 0.05. ResultOut of the total sample size (n = 266), 258 have responded to the questionnaire completely, making the response rate 97 %. The utilization of cervical cancer screening services was 38 (14.7 %). There were significant associations between working in hospitals with an adjusted odd ratio (AOR [95 % CI] = 4.814 [1.774–13.06]) and serving 7 years and above [95 % 44 CI = 5.988 [2.096–17.1]) and utilization of cervical cancer screening services. Conclusionand recommendations: The proportion of utilization of cervical cancer screening services among female health workforces in Bale Zone was very low. Working in hospitals and prolonged work experience were independent predictors of the utilization of cervical cancer screening services. Sustaining awareness creation and sensitization of screening through training and experience sharing should be given broad emphasis for female health workforces to increase their utilization of screening services.

Prevalence and predictors of cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive women in rural western Uganda: insights from the health-belief model

BackgroundWomen living with HIV are at increased risk of developing cervical cancer (CC). Screening for cancer is an important preventive strategy for the early detection of precancerous lesions and its management. There has been inadequate evidence on cervical cancer screening (CCS) practices among HIV-positive women in rural western Uganda. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of CCS among HIV-positive women, as well as knowledge and practices regarding cervical cancer screening.MethodsA cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted among HIV-positive women attending HIV care facilities located in rural settings of western Uganda. A validated and interview-based data collection form was used to capture statistics regarding demographics, HIV care, obstetric profile, health belief constructs, and knowledge and history of CCS from the participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to correlate women’s characteristics and health beliefs toward CCS practices.ResultsThe prevalence of CCS among HIV-positive women was found to be 39.1% (95%CI: 14.0–71.7). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that post-secondary education attainment (AOR = 3.21; 95%CI = 2.12–7.28), four years or more lapsing after being diagnosed as HIV-positive (AOR = 2.87; 95%CI = 1.34–6.13), having more than one child (AOR = 1.87; 95%CI = 1.04–3.35), antenatal care attendance (AOR = 1.74; 95%CI = 1.02–3.43), post-natal care attendance (AOR = 3.75; 95%CI = 1.68–5.89), and having good knowledge regarding CC (AOR = 1.26; 95%CI = 1.98–3.02) were positively associated with adherence to CCS among HIV-positive women in western Uganda. Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs like the perceived risk of developing CC (AOR = 1.82; 95%CI = 1.16–2.01), worries about developing CC (AOR = 5.01; 95%CI = 4.26–8.32), believing that CC leads to death (AOR = 2.56; 95%CI = 1.64–3.56), that screening assists in early identification (AOR = 2.12; 95%CI = 1.84–3.74) and treatment (AOR = 4.63; 95%CI = 2.78–6.43) of precancerous lesions, reducing the risk of mortality (AOR = 1.84; 95%CI = 1.12–2.75), and the reassurance provided by negative test results (AOR = 2.08; 95%CI = 1.33–4.22) were positively associated with adhering to CCS. A female doctor performing the screening (AOR = 2.02; 95%CI = 1.57–3.98) as well as offering a free screening service (AOR = 3.23; 95%CI = 1.99–4.38) were significantly associated with CCS. Meanwhile, screening being painful (AOR = 0.28; 95%CI = 0.12–0.45), expensive (AOR = 0.36; 95%CI = 0.24–0.53), time-consuming (AOR = 0.30; 95%CI = 0.19–0.41), embarrassing (AOR = 0.02; 95%CI = 0.01–0.06), and the fear of positive results (AOR = 0.04; 95%CI = 0.02–0.10) were found to have a significant negative association with adhering to CCS.ConclusionsOnly one-third of HIV-positive women had undergone CCS. Variables including secondary education attainment, four years or more lapsing after being diagnosed as HIV-positive, having more than one child, antenatal care attendance, post-natal care attendance, and knowledge about CC were positively associated with CCS adherence. Educational programs should be geared towards the risk of CC, severity of cases, benefits of screening, and reducing barriers associated with screening, which can significantly improve cervical CCS among HIV-positive women. The study proposes the incorporation of free screening services and the inclusion of trained female staff in CC prevention policies to improve CCS.

Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Cervical Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Study.

Cervical cancer, despite being preventable, is one of the most prevalent cancers among females globally and in Saudi Arabia. The literature demonstrated that, unlike global trends, cervical cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia is increasing. In addition to that, a high proportion of it is discovered in advanced stages. This state of late discovery was attributed to the absence of efficient preventive and screening programs. Observing the scale of the preventable morbidities and mortalities that can be caused by cervical cancer and the efforts and costs that are positioned to fight cervical cancer across the globe and the current ambiguity in the cervical cancer screening prevalence in Saudi Arabia brings the realization of the importance of conducting a study that properly explores the status of cervical cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to measure the prevalence and the predictive factors for cervical cancer screening among adult women who were previously sexually active in Saudi Arabia, as well as explore the participants' knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. This study was a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia between September 2023 and November 2023 on adult Saudi females between the ages of 21 and 65 years who were previously sexually active and did not undergo a hysterectomy. Data were collected through a convenience sampling technique where a self-administered survey was established and disseminated to the targeted population all over the country with the assistance of data collectors. Cervical cancer screening prevalence and screening predictive factors were measured. Factors associated with cervical cancer screening and knowledge of cervical cancer were tested using a chi-square test, an independent t-test, and an ANOVA test. Multivariate logistic regression was also used to determine predictors of cervical cancer screening. The study included 2,337 participants. The prevalence of cervical cancer screening among Saudi females was observed to be 22.1%. The most commonly reported reason for not undergoing cervical cancer screening was that it was never recommended by a physician, as reported by 42.4%. Only 7.6% reported taking the HPV vaccine. The majority of the participants (84.1%) had a low knowledge level about cervical cancer. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the following factors were observed to be significantly predictive of undergoing cervical cancer screening: being 46-59 years of age (74% increase rate), having an income greater than 20,000 Saudi Riyals (SRs) (158% increase rate), having a history of gynecological problems (152% increase rate), knowing someone who underwent cervical cancer screening (393% increase rate), and receiving a recommendation from a healthcare practitioner to undergo cervical cancer screening (1300% increase rate). There are clearly low rates of cervical cancer screening and even lower rates of uptake for the HPV vaccine, which are the prevention measures for cervical cancer. National initiatives and programs that promote HPV vaccine uptake and regular cervical cancer screening are highly recommended to minimize the morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer.

Sociodemographics and health-literacy as predictors of cervical cancer screening practices among Haitian women: A secondary data analysis of 2016-17 DHS surveys.

Cervical cancer screening rates in Haiti are concerningly low. Access to health-related information and health literacy may be important determinants of engagement in cervical cancer screening. This study explored the relationship between sociodemographics,literacy, and sources of information on cervical cancer screening among Haitian women. A secondary data analysis was conducted using USAID Demographics and Health Survey Haiti household data from 2016-2017. Univariate logistic regressions identified significant predictor covariates measuring sociodemographics and sources of information in cervical cancer screening uptake.Two multivariate logistic regression models with adjusted odds ratios were developed using the significant predictor variables from the univariate analysis. N = 610 women responded to questions pertaining to cervical cancer screening. The first multivariate model evaluating sociodemographics demonstrated an economic background of poorer (aOR = 4.06, 95% CI [1.16,14.27]) and richest (aOR = 19.10 , 95% CI[2.58,141.57]), higher education levels (aOR 7.58 , 95% CI [1.64,34.97]), and having insurance (aOR = 16.40, [95% CI 2.65, 101.42]) were significant predictors of cervical cancer screening. The second model evaluating literacy and sources of information indicated that access to a television (aOR = 4.28, 95% CI [1.21,9.34]), mobile phone ownership (aOR = 4.44, 95% CI [1.00,5.59]), and reading the newspaper (aOR = 3.57, [95% CI 1.10,11.59]) were significant predictors of cervical cancer screening. Diverse health communication initiatives that are adapted for literacy level and that incorporate multimedia components may effective in raising women's cervical cancer knowledge and awareness , and increasing intention and uptake of cervical cancer screening in Haiti.

Predictive power of PEN-3 cultural model in cervical cancer screening among women: a cross- sectional study in South of Iran

BackgroundCervical cancer (CC) can be prevented through early detection facilitated by screening as well as an early diagnosis and effective treatment of the precancerous lesions. The present research aimed to determine the predictors of cervical cancer screening (CCS) based on the PEN-3 model constructs.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2021- March 2022 with 840 women aged 15–49 in the city of Bandar Abbas, in the south of Iran, using a cluster sampling. The participants completed a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire in person. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, knowledge toward CC and the constructs of the PEN-3 model toward CCS. A multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relationship and predictive power of model constructs with behavior as an outcome variable. The data were statistically analyzed in STATA14.2. The p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 810 questionnaires were analyzed (with a return of 95.63%). The mean and standard deviation of the participants’ age was 30.97 ± 5.80 years. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis of all constructs and CCS behavior was statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). The multivariable logistic regression analytic results were enablers toward CCS (coefficient: 0.275) and Nurturers toward CCS (coefficient: 0.182), perceptions toward CCS (coefficient: 0.077) and knowledge toward CC (coefficient: 0.048, marginal significant) were predictors of CCS behavior. For the internal validity of the designed prediction model, a sample of 1000 was selected using the bootstrap sample replacement method which demonstrated the accuracy of the model PEN-3 is about 75% in predicting CCS behavior.ConclusionsThe results of the present research showed that personal factors such as perceptions and interpersonal factors such as enablers and nurturers toward CCS can predict CCS behavior. Therefore, in order to increase the acceptance of CCS in women, a set of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors should be taken into account.

Environmental and psychosocial predictors of cervical cancer screening among women in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, North Central, Nigeria.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among Nigerian women. Although screening is a cost-effective strategy for reducing its burden, uptake remains sub-optimal. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 514 sexually active women aged ≥25 years in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria using a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Mean age of respondents was 38.4±11.6years. 246(46.9%) had good knowledge of CC screening while 268(51.2%) had poor knowledge. Religion (aOR:1.8 [95% CI: 1.1 - 3.1]), location (aOR:1.2 [95% CI: 1.2 - 3.4) and number of children (aOR:2.3 [95% CI: 1.3 - 3.9]) were predictors for screening. Poor access routes to health facilities (aOR:0.5 [95% CI: 0.2 - 0.9]), high cost of screening (aOR:0.4 [95% CI: 0.2 - 0.9]), unaware of screening centers (aOR:0.4 [95% CI: 0.2 - 0.9]) and long waiting hours (aOR:0.5 [95% CI: 0.2 - 0.9) were identified environmental predictors. Fear of positive diagnosis/stigma (aOR:0.3 [95% CI: 0.1 - 0.9]), unacceptable touch (aOR:0.2 [95% CI: 0.1 - 0.8), deficiency in awareness programs (aOR:0.3 [95% CI: 0.2 - 0.7]), and not aware of appropriate screening age (aOR:0.1 [95% CI: 0.1 - 0.4]) were identified psychosocial predictors. This study highlights the need to intensify enlightenment programs, subsidize screening services, and encourage community screening.

Predicting cervical cancer screening behavior among women in southern Iran: a cross-sectional study with PEN-3 model

IntroductionDespite the fact that the Pap smear test is a simple, affordable, painless and relatively reliable method to diagnose cervical cancer in women, the majority of women are unaware of the value of this valuable diagnostic method. There are many cultural and social barriers to this diagnostic method. The present study was conducted to predict cervical cancer screening behavior with PEN-3 model among women residents of Bandar Abbas.MethodsThe present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 260 women aged 18 years and above who visited the comprehensive health centers of Bandar Abbas. The data were collected online using a demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the PEN-3 model constructs and analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson correlation test and logistic regression analysis in SPSS-23.ResultsThe participants’ age ranged between 18 and 52 years with an average of 30.95 ± 5.47 years. 27.7% of the participants had done their last pap smear test less than 1 year before the study and 26.2% had not done a pap smear test until the time of study. The results showed that the mean scores of knowledge (11.28 ± 2.87), attitude (64.96 ± 4.96), enablers (44.66 ± 5.8), and nurturers (36.02 ± 8.83) in women who had done the cervical cancer screening behavior was more than those who had not done the behavior. Also, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge, attitude and nurturers were the major predictors of cervical cancer screening behavior.ConclusionThe present findings showed that knowledge, attitude, enablers and nurturers play a major role in women’s participation in Pap smear test. These findings should be considered in the development and implementation of educational interventions.

ACCEPTANCE AND OUTCOMES OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING AMONG WOMEN OF NORTH INDIA

Cervical cancer is one of the preventable cancer, still it is fourth leading cause of death of women worldwide and second leading cause of death of women in India. Screening for cervical cancer using high performance test and vaccination against HPV(Human papilloma virus) are recommended by WHO as global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer. The very rst indigenous vaccine CERVAVAC is also launched in India in year 2023,however data from nationally representative survey(NFHS-5) showed very low awareness and acceptance of cervical cancer screening among women. Present study is a descriptive cross sectional study done in camp based settings (25-30 women in each camps) from November 2021 to november 2022 at peripheral health centers of Lucknow district of state Uttar Pradesh of North India. Aim of the study was to assess the acceptance and outcomes of cervical cancer screening among ASHA(accredited social health activist) from health centers and women visiting peripheral health centers. Result showed that total 43% women accepted screening(41.4% ASHA, 31.4% women visiting health center). On bivariate analysis education level(p=0.003 ), employment status (p&lt;0.001)and knowledge of cervical cancer(p=0.02) found to be predictors of cervical cancer screening. Liquid based cytology test was carried to screen those who were willing and it was found that as per Bethesda system of classication among those who opted for screening(N=110), 4(3.1%) were having ASCUS (Atypical squamous cells of undetermined signicance), 2(1.5%) had LSIL (low squamous intraepithelial lesions), 4(3.1%) reported to have HSIL (High squamous intraepithelial lesion), 9 (7.7%) had non neoplastic inammation, 93(84.6%) were negative for any neoplastic or non- neoplastic lesion. All Positive screened participants were referred to higher centre for further management.

Trends and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening among US Women Ages 30-64 Years.

Cervical cancer screening (CCS) participation has decreased in the United States over the last several decades, contributing to cervical cancer's sustained incidence and mortality. This study examined recent trends and racial/ethnic differences in predictors of CCS uptake among US women. We analyzed combined data from the 2016 to 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and included 235,713 women ages 30 to 64 years without a hysterectomy. We used simple linear regression to assess trends over time and multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in predictors of up-to-date CCS. We found little change in CCS over the 5-year interval and screening rates disparities among racial minority women. The overall population showed stable CCS completion rates from 2016 to 2018 (84.2% vs. 84.6%), and then a small dip from 2018 to 2020 (from 84.6% to 83.3%). Despite a slight decline in 2020, HPV-based testing increased significantly among all subgroups and overall, from 2016 to 2020 (from 43.4% to 52.7%). Multivariable regression models showed racial/ethnic differences in predictors of CCS. Across all racial/ethnic subgroups, older women were less likely to receive timely screening. Women who had routine check-ups had higher odds of being up to date. However, the link between CCS and socioeconomic status varied. Age and racial/ethnic disparities persist in CCS, and predictors of screening vary. Notwithstanding, routine health examinations was positively associated with screening regardless of race/ethnicity. Our analyses suggest that leveraging primary care to optimize CCS uptake may reduce gaps in screening.

Sociodemographic factors predicting cervical cancer screening in a peri-urban community in Ghana

Background Cervical cancer is one of the few preventable cancers and screening is critical to the early detection of pre-cancerous lesions and initiation of treatment. This study’s aim was to determine the sociodemographic predictors of cervical cancer screening uptake in a peri-urban community in Ghana. Methods A total of 392 randomly selected sexually active women aged 10–74 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using structured interview schedules. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of cervical cancer screening (significance set at P&lt;0.05). Results Only three of the 392 participants had ever had a Pap smear test (0.8%). Women in monogamous relationships were more likely to have had a Pap smear test (P=0.001). There was a significant association between ethnicity (P=0.019), monthly family income (P=0.015) and religion (P=0.001) and having had a Pap smear test. Conclusions It is critical that interventions to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening aim to reduce sociodemographic inequities, in order to promote women’s health.

Predictors of cervical cancer screening for refugee women attending an international family medicine clinic in the United States.

Cervical cancer screening (CCS) rates are lower for foreign-born women in the United States (U.S.)compared with the overall population. This study aimed to determine the CCS rate and predictors among refugees who were identified as female attending a family medicine clinic. A retrospective chart review included refugee individuals aged 21+, seen in the previous 3years (3/23/2015-3/20/2018), without hysterectomy (n = 525). Lab results determined CCS rate. Chi-square and logistic regression models explored predictors of CCS. Overall, 60.0% were up-to-date (UTD) on CCS. Individuals aged 30-49, married, and with [Formula: see text] 1 child had higher odds of being UTD. Ten or more years living in the U.S. was a significant bivariate predictor of CCS, and approached significance in the multivariate model. This study begins to fill gaps in knowledge about cervical cancer control among individuals who resettled in the U.S. as refugees and, given that CCS rates are suboptimal, informs clinical practice improvements and directions for future research.

Prevalence and Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening among Reproductive Age Group Women: Evidence from Cross-Sectional Study in Rohtak and Delhi.

The present study aims to estimate the prevalence and determine the factors for cervical cancer screening among women in the reproductive age group in Delhi and Rohtak, India. The data were utilized from a survey conducted as part of a larger study to increase the access to cervical cancer screening and care by MAMTA-Health Institute for Mother and Child in collaboration with the Health Departments of Palam, New Delhi, and Rohtak, Haryana between 2015 and 2017. Data pertaining to the socio-economic and demographic information along with the information related to cervical cancer screening were utilized for the present study. The sample size was 1020 women in reproductive age group. Descriptive statistics (percentage and frequency distribution), bivariate analysis along with multivariable analysis were done to represent the results. The Fisher exact test was used to test the level of significance during bivariate analysis. About 35.2% [Delhi: 44.9% and Rohtak: 23.8%] of the respondents had heard about cervical cancer screening. Further about 3.9% [Delhi-2.9% and Haryana-5.1%] had screened for cervical cancer. Women who had heard about cervical cancer were five times more likely to go for screening [aOR: 5.27; CI: 2.53,10.96]. It was found that women over 30 years of age had 12.04 significantly higher odds of going for cervical cancer screening in reference to women aged 30 years and less [aOR: 12.04; CI: 3.01,53.20]. Women from households with a monthly income of more than 15000 had 2.98 significantly higher odds of going for cervical cancer screening in reference to women from households with an income of 5000 and less [aOR : 2.98; CI: 1.12,9.09]. Findings suggest that awareness about cervical cancer screening test along with its thorough knowledge about its benefits would be an effective intervention to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening.

Comparative predictors for cervical cancer screening in Southeast Michigan for Middle Eastern-North African (MENA), White and African American/black women

The cervical cancer screening behaviors of Arab American women are not adequately understood, in part because Middle Eastern North African (MENA) descent is not a US Census category. Others have shown decreased cervical cancer screening in this race of women. Our primary aim is to evaluate the predictors of cervical cancer screening among MENA, White and Black women of southeast Michigan.A community-wide health survey reached MENA, White and Black populations asking self-report questions about health behaviors, attitudes, and medical history. Cervical cancer screening was considered up-to-date if it was reported to have occurred within the past three years. Survey responses were limited to women 30–65 years old and were analyzed with inferential and logistic regression models to determine risk factors for cervical cancer screening.Overall, 78% reported cervical cancer screening within the past three years. MENA women screened less often if time in the US was less than ten years (aOR 0.24 (0.05, 0.76)) compared to more than ten years and if single (aOR 0.27 (0.07, 0.97)) compared to married. Religion was not associated with screening in any study population. Those of all races without insurance screened significantly less often than those with insurance.The barriers to cervical cancer screening among MENA women are not associated with religion but instead with lack of insurance and length of time residing in the US.

Cervical cancer screening practice and associated factors among women employees in Wolaita Zone hospitals, Southern Ethiopia, 2017: cross-sectional study.

cervical cancer is a global public health problem affecting women worldwide. There is very low participation rate in screening practice for cervical cancer in low-resource countries like Ethiopia. So the aims of this study is to assess cervical cancer screening practice and associated factors among women employees in Wolaita Zone hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 1-April 30, 2017. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select 401 study participants. Pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used. Logistic regression was performed to assess association between dependent and independent variables with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value less than 0.05 was set to declare association. about 120 (30.5%) participants were screened for cervical cancer. Age, source of information from health professions, being adherence supporter, sex with more than one partner, sexual transmitted infection, increase in attitude and knowledge score were significant predictors of cervical cancer screening practice. magnitude of cervical cancer screening practice among age eligible women is still low. Age, being adherence supporter, source of information from health care professionals, history of multiple sexual p artners, sexually transmitted infection, knowledge and attitude were important predictors of cervical cancer screening practice. Hospitals in collaboration with town administration should put priority on cervical cancer prevention by establishing cervical cancer screening campaign.

Predictors of uptake of cervical cancer screening among nurses in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Background/Aims More than one million women are currently living with cervical cancer. Approximately 311 000 deaths were attributed to the disease in 2018, with the majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries, like Nigeria. Cervical cancer screening has been consistently shown to be effective in reducing the occurrence of new cases of cervical cancer and mortality related to the disease. This study aimed to determine the predictors of cervical cancer screening among nurses in Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which used a structured pretested questionnaire to collect data from 230 nurses randomly selected from two settings in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square and logistic regression. Results All participants had heard of cervical cancer and its screening measures. More than half of the respondents (68.7%) had never submitted for screening. The respondents reported factors such as lack of facilities (77.0%), financial status (76.5%), lack of awareness (75.7%), inconvenient screening time (75.7%) and level of education (71.7%) as influencers of use of cervical cancer screening. Logistic regression analysis showed marital status was significantly related to cervical cancer screening usage (P=0.047). Conclusions Good knowledge of nurses on cervical cancer screening does not translate to uptake of screening services. It is recommended that cervical and other cancer screening services should be included in the pre-employment medical examination of nurses to compel usage of screening services.

Role of awareness on cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV positive women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Background:Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer among women living in less developed countries. Although cervical cancer screening for HIV-infected women has been started in different centers in Addis Ababa, there is a paucity of data on the uptake of this service, particularly among HIV-infected women.Objective:This study is aimed to assess the level and determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV-positive reproductive-age women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire on 411 HIV-infected women aged 15–49 years in St. Paul’s and Zewditu Hospitals. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire on randomly selected study participants’ proportional allocation in the two hospitals. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess predictors of cervical cancer screening uptake.Results:Only 25.5% of HIV-positive reproductive-age women have been screened for cervical cancer. Respondents who have not heard about cervical cancer and the screening were 75% and 78% less likely to be screened compared to their counterparts, respectively.Conclusion:The uptake of cervical cancer screening was low in the study area. Awareness about cervical cancer screening was positively associated with cervical cancer screening uptake. Specific awareness programs focusing HIV positive women need to be implemented.