Predictors Of Surgical Intervention Research Articles

Predictors of surgical intervention in first episode primary spontaneous pneumothorax requiring chest drain insertion.

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in patients with no underlying lung disease and guidelines recommend chest tube drainage for the first episode, with surgical intervention reserved for recurrent episodes, persistent air leak or failure of lung re-expansion. Modern surgical management is associated with reduced length of hospital stay and superior freedom from recurrence compared with chest tube drainage alone. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for failed chest tube drainage in patients who present with first episode primary spontaneous pneumothorax. A retrospective analysis of patients who presented to Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia with first episode PSP and underwent chest tube insertion was performed. Patient demographics and size of pneumothorax were examined in relation to the primary outcome, a composite of failed chest tube drainage and recurrent ipsilateral pneumothorax. Fifty-five patients underwent chest tube drainage for first episode primary spontaneous pneumothorax between 1st January 2017 and 31st December 2020. Complete lung collapse on admission chest x-ray was associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome (63% versus 19%, OR 7.3 [96% CI 2.0-27.4), P = 0.004). This small retrospective study found that patients that undergo chest drain insertion for first episode primary spontaneous pneumothorax who present with complete lung collapse on admission are at high risk of requiring pleurodesis and therefore may benefit from early surgical referral.

Predictors for surgical treatment in male patients with non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

This study aimed to identify clinical and biochemical predictors for future surgical intervention in male LUTS patients. In a prospective cohort study, parameters as International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and IPSS "bother question" (IPSS-BQ), prostate volume (PV), maximal urine flow (Qmax), Prostate specific antigen (PSA), post-voidal residual urine (PVR) were assessed alongside comorbidities quantified using Charlson Comorbidity Index without age adjustment and American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score. For the statistical analysis, patients were categorized based on subsequent treatment approaches: Group 1: underwent surgery during follow-up; Group 2: received medical or no treatment. T-test was used to test differences between the groups. Logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors of the need for future surgery. Following this analysis, we calculated the probability of requiring surgical intervention, with this likelihood being determined based on the accumulation of identified predictive factors. Of 63 patients, 22 underwent surgery over a median follow-up of 42 months. Significant baseline differences were observed in IPSS (p = 0.003), International Prostatic Symptom Score-Voiding subscore (IPSS-VS) (p = 0.002), IPSS-BQ (p = 0.001), Qmax (p = 0.007), and PVR (p = 0.02) between the groups. Higher IPSS-BQ, IPSS-VS, and lower Qmax are emerging as independent surgical treatment predictors in logistic regression analyses. The study identified IPSS-VS, IPSS-BQ, and Qmax as baseline predictors of future surgical intervention. A clear pattern of a gradual increase in the likelihood of requiring surgery was directly proportional to the cumulative number of these identified predictive factors.

Intracranial Arachnoid Cyst in Children: Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Surgical Intervention

Plain Language SummaryPediatric imaging findings of brain cysts are a common finding. Some cysts do not require surgical intervention while others may require surgery. We conducted a retrospective chart review from 2009 to 2021 on patients aged 0–21 years of age who were found to have a brain cyst on imaging reports. Our aim was to identify clinical risk factors in patients with brain cysts who underwent surgery versus those who did not. A total of 230 patients were included in the study, of which 45 (19.6%) underwent surgery. Overall, surgical patients were younger (median age 1.1 years) and had a median cyst volume larger (41.7 cm3), compared to nonsurgical patients (median age 5.9 years, volume 11.8 cm3, respectively). The most common reason to undergo initial imaging was headache for nonsurgical patients (54/185, 29.2%) while surgical patients had initial imaging due to large head size (11/45, 24.4%) or imaging carried out prenatally to 1 year of life (11/45, 24.4%). We found that cyst volume and age at diagnosis were predictors for surgical intervention. The greater the cyst volume was at initial diagnosis and the younger the patient was at time of diagnosis, the greater the odds the patient had of undergoing surgical intervention. Therefore these patients should be monitored closely for development of symptoms indicating a need for surgical intervention.

Clinical predictors of early surgical intervention in patients with venomous snakebites

BackgroundVenomous snakebites induce tissue destruction and secondary infection; however, the optimal timing of surgical intervention for these complications remains unknown. This study assessed the clinical predictors of early surgical intervention in patients with snakebites.MethodsThis retrospective study included 63 patients (45 men and 18 women) with venomous snakebites. In addition to the snake species, the demographics, affected body parts, clinical characteristics, and ultrasound findings of the patients in the surgical (32 patients) and nonsurgical (31 patients) groups were analyzed and compared.ResultsA higher incidence of acute compartment syndrome, local ecchymosis, skin necrosis, bullae, blisters, and fever was found in the surgical group than in the nonsurgical group, and ultrasound findings of the absence of Doppler flow were more frequently noted in the surgical group than in the nonsurgical group. After adjustment using a multivariate logistic regression model, only advanced age, Naja atra bite, local ecchymosis, and bulla or blister formation remained significant factors for surgical intervention. Furthermore, comparison of the outcomes of patients who received early (≤ 24 h) and late (> 24 h) surgical intervention revealed that the duration of continuous negative pressure wound therapy (6 vs. 15 days; P = 0.006), duration of hospital stay (13 vs. 26 days; P = 0.002), and duration of outpatient follow-up (15 vs. 36 days; P < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients who received early surgical intervention. The final reconstructive surgery was simple among the patients who received surgical intervention within 24 h of being bitten (P = 0.028).ConclusionIn patients with snakebites, advanced age, high-risk clinical manifestations (e.g., local ecchymosis and bulla or blister formation), and Naja atra envenomation are predictors of surgical intervention within 24 h.

Predictors for surgical intervention in orbital complications of pediatric rhinosinusitis.

Orbital complications are the most common complication of acute rhinosinusitis, especially among pediatric patients. While most cases are treated with antibiotics alone, severe presentation may demand surgical intervention. Our goal was to determine which factors predict the need for surgery and to investigate the role of computerized tomography in the decision process. A retrospective review of all children hospitalized between 2001-2018 with orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis in a university-affiliated children's hospital. A total of 156 children were included. Mean age was 7.9 years (1-18 years). Twenty-three children (14.7%) were surgically treated, and the rest were conservatively treated. High fever, ophthalmoplegia and diplopia in association with minimal or no response to conservative treatment were predictive for surgical intervention, as well as higher inflammatory indices. Eighty-nine children (57%) underwent imaging during hospitalization. Presence of a subperiosteal abscess, as well as its size and its location were not found to be predictors for surgery. Clinical and laboratory findings in association with minimal or no response to conservative treatment predict the need for surgical intervention in cases of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis. As Computerized Tomography scans can have long-term implications in the pediatric population, caution and patience should be practiced when deciding on the timing of imaging in this population. Thus, close clinical and laboratory monitoring should lead the decision-making process in these cases and imaging should be reserved for when the decision for surgery has been made.

The shape of the kidney pelvis in the fetus with hydronephrosis grade III as a predictor of surgical treatment in postnatal period

BACKGROUND: Fetal hydronephrosis is one of the most common malformations of the urinary system. The main goal of prenatal diagnostics is to identify a risk group with a dilatation of the renal collecting system due to mechanical obstruction of the pelvic-ureteral segment.&#x0D; AIM: The aim of the study is to definition of a prenatal risk group with a high probability of early surgical intervention in the postnatal period based on an assessment of the predictor properties of the pelvis shape in hydronephrosis grade III.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective analysis of the results of prenatal ultrasound examination of 77 fetuses (82 renal units) with grade III hydronephrosis (SFU classification) was carried out. The anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis was measured in millimeters at the level of the kidney gate. With the ellipsoid shape of the pelvis, the compression ratio of the ellipse was calculated as the ratio of the small semi-axis of the ellipse to its large semi-axis. All parameters were recorded in the third trimester of pregnancy. The study included cases of hydronephrosis with parenchymal thickness not differing by more than two sigma deviations from the standard value. The first ultrasound examination in the postnatal period was performed during the first month of life and then at 3, 6 and 12 months.&#x0D; RESULTS: Prenatally, 57 kidneys had an elliptical pelvis and 25 funnel-shaped. The anteroposterior diameter of ellipsoid (16.5 [13; 20]) and funnel-shaped pelvis (15.0 [13; 17.8]) did not differ statistically significantly (p = 0.39). 36 (43.9%) patients were operated on, 29 of them were operated at the age of 13 months, due to the increase in APD from 17.56.0 to 27.98.2 (p = 0.001) and the transition of hydronephrosis to the IV degree by 1 month of life. The remaining 7 children had gradual progression of hydronephrosis and were operated at the age of 12 months and older. In 56.1%, resolution, regression or stabilization of hydronephrosis were noted during dynamic observation lasting 1 year. With a single-variant analysis, it was found that the configuration of the pelvis and the compression ratio of the ellipse statistically significantly correctly predicted the progression of hydronephrosis and the probability of surgery at 69.5% and 80.5%, respectively. At the same time, the compression ratio had a higher sensitivity and specificity.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: Fetal hydronephrosis with a funnel-shaped configuration of the pelvis, has a functional nature and regresses after birth during the first year of life. The antenatal ellipsoid configuration of the pelvis, approaching the circumference, is a statistically significant predictor of surgical intervention due to the progression of hydronephrosis due to external causes of obstruction.

SNAPPE-II and MDAS scores as predictors for surgical intervention in very low birth weight neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis

Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common life-threatening gastrointestinal emergency in preterm and term neonates, with the majority of cases affecting neonates classified as very low birth weight (VLBW, bw <1500 g). Scores for neonatal acute physiology-perinatal extension-II (SNAPPE-II) and metabolic derangement acuity score (MDAS) have been developed and utilized to assess neonatal morbidity and mortality including the subset of VLBW neonates. Serial SNAPPE-II and MDAS scores have been reported in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis to assist in surgical management, yielding mixed results. Objective To determine the relationship between clinical and/or laboratory deterioration using SNAPPE-II and MDAS scores measured at the time of NEC diagnosis and surgical management of NEC. Methods We retrospectively evaluated preterm neonates ≥23 weeks gestational age who developed pneumatosis intestinalis on radiographic imaging coupled with clinical signs of NEC. SNAPPE-II and MDAS scores were calculated within twelve hours of birth and within twelve hours of initial finding of pneumatosis intestinalis. Baseline characteristics and clinical variables between those who did and did not require surgical intervention were compared. Logistic regression and receiver - operator characteristics (ROC) curve analyses were also performed, and areas under the curve (AUC) computed, to assess the performance of SNAPPE-II and MDAS scoring systems to differentiate neonates with NEC in the two groups. Results Sixty-four neonates were evaluated in our study of which 20 required surgical management of NEC. While the baseline SNAPPE-II and MDAS scores did not differ between the surgical management and medical management only groups, when rescored within 12 h of NEC diagnosis, the surgical management group had significantly higher SNAPPE -II (38 (18.5–69) vs. 19 (10–34.5), p = .04) and MDAS (2.5 (1–3) vs. 1 (0–2), p = .0004) scores. The AUCs for MDAS 0.77 (95% CI 0.65-0.89 and 0.71 (95% CI 0.57–0.85) for SNAPPE-II, indicating an acceptable level of diagnostic ability of both scoring systems to differentiate between those who did and did not need surgical management. Conclusion SNAPPE II and MDAS scores performed within 12 h of NEC diagnosis may be useful in predicting which preterm VLBW neonates will require surgical intervention.

Usefulness of the delta neutrophil index in predicting surgery in patients with foot and ankle infection.

BackgroundIn foot and ankle infections, cases with apparent soft-tissue necrosis or purulent fluid collections definitely require surgical treatments. However, clinicians often have difficulty in determining whether to perform surgery in ambiguous cases without these findings. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the delta neutrophil index as a predictor of surgical treatment in patients with foot and ankle infections.MethodsIn total, 66 patients diagnosed with foot and ankle infections who underwent the delta neutrophil index test were retrospectively investigated. Medical records, including data on diabetes mellitus status, delta neutrophil index values, white blood cell count, polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level, were retrospectively investigated. Logistic regression models were analyzed for the correlation between biomarkers, such as the delta neutrophil index and surgical treatment. The area under the curve was investigated to evaluate the cut-off value of the logistic model in predicting surgery.ResultsThe relationship between the delta neutrophil index and surgical treatment was analyzed. The delta neutrophil index, adjusted for diabetes mellitus, was the best predictor of future surgical intervention. Based on the Youden index, the cutoff point (the equation’s adjusted by diabetes mellitus) for the prediction of surgical treatment was defined as a probability of 0.3, with sensitivity and specificity of 82.4% and 77.6%, respectively.ConclusionsBased on the present study, the delta neutrophil index can help clinicians decide the appropriate surgical treatment for foot and ankle infections at the right time.

Paediatric tracheobronchomalacia: Incidence, patient characteristics, and predictors of surgical intervention

ObjectivesTracheobronchomalacia (TBM), a condition where an abnormality of the tracheal walls causes collapse during the respiratory cycle, is a common cause of airway obstruction in childhood. TBM can present with a large spectrum of disease severity and underlying pathologies that may be managed medically and surgically, and it is not always clear which patients would most benefit from surgical intervention. We aim to describe the incidence, patient characteristics, and predictors of surgical intervention in a large cohort of paediatric patients. MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of all children diagnosed with TBM to a paediatric Otolaryngology unit in the west of Scotland between 2010 and 2020. Odds ratios for clinical predictors of surgery were calculated using logistic regression with uni- and multivariate analysis. Results249 patients were identified of which 219 proceeded to data collection. Primary malacia was noted in 161 (73.5%) and secondary in 58 (26.5%). Causes of secondary malacia included compression by the innominate artery (11%) and vascular rings (7.8%). Surgical interventions were performed in 28 patients (12.8%) including division of vascular ring, aortopexy, and surgical tracheostomy. Multivariate analysis showed secondary TBM, acute life-threatening events, and difficulty weaning from mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors for surgical intervention. ConclusionsTBM can present with a myriad of airway symptoms and is frequently associated with other airway and mediastinal pathologies necessitating multiple interventions. Children aged <1 year present with a more severe form of the disease and the presence of particular independent risk factors may indicate a need for surgical intervention. Level of evidence4

Factors Associated with Surgery and Imaging Characteristics in Severe Orbital Infections

To evaluate risk factors associated with surgical intervention and subperiosteal/orbital abscess in hospitalized children with severe orbital infections. We conducted a multicenter cohort study of children 2months to 18years hospitalized with periorbital or orbital cellulitis from 2009 to 2018 at 10 hospitals in Canada. Clinical details were extracted, and patients were categorized as undergoing surgical or medical-only management. Primary outcome was surgical intervention and the main secondary outcome was clinically important imaging. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors. Of 1579 patients entered, median age was 5.4years, 409 (25.9%) had an orbital/subperiosteal abscess, and 189 (12.0%) underwent surgery. In the adjusted analysis, the risk of surgical intervention was associated witholder age (age 9 to <14: aOR 3.9, 95% CI 2.3-6.6; and age 14 to ≤18years: aOR 7.0, 95% CI 3.4-14.1), elevated C-reactive protein >120mg/L (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-5.9), elevated white blood cell count of 12-20 000/μL (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.6), proptosis (aOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7-4.0), and subperiosteal/orbital abscess (aOR 5.3, 95% CI 3.6-7.9). There was no association with antibiotic use before hospital admission, sex, presence of a chronic disease, temperature greater than 38.0°C, and eye swollen shut. Complications were identified in 4.7% of patients, including vision loss (0.6%), intracranial extension (1.6%), and meningitis (0.8%). In children hospitalized with severe orbital infections, older age, elevated C-reactive protein, elevated white blood cell count, proptosis, and subperiosteal/orbital abscess were predictors of surgical intervention.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis associated with etoposide in hematological malignancies: a case report and a literature review

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of air collection within the subserosa and/or submucosa of the gastrointestinal wall. Due to the lack of specific symptoms, PCI is likely to be misdiagnosed or missed without the use of imaging techniques or gastrointestinal endoscopy. Here, we report a patient who complained of abdominal distention and constipation after chemotherapy for hematological malignancies, and was diagnosed with secondary PCI via computed tomography (CT) and exploratory laparotomy. Pneumoperitoneum was no longer observed after two weeks of conservative treatments. Notably, the possibility of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) as a predictor for surgical intervention was proposed. Furthermore, we conducted a literature review on PCI after chemotherapy in hematological malignancies to raise awareness of etoposide-related PCI, while whether PCI could be identified as an adverse event of etoposide requires more evidence.

The identification of pregnant women with renal colic who may need surgical intervention

BackgroundRenal colic is a surgical emergency in pregnancy that is caused by a range of non-obstetric factors and known to occur more frequently during the second and third trimesters. Several studies have reported that up to 70–80% of stones pass spontaneously during pregnancy. There are some patients will not pass their stones and will ultimately require surgical intervention. Through retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 212 pregnant women with renal colic, the predictive factors of pregnant women with renal colic in need of surgical intervention were determined.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 212 pregnant women presenting with renal colic between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified a range of predictive variables for surgical intervention. In addition, we used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to evaluate the predictive power of our model and created a nomogram for clinical application.ResultsOf the 212 patients presenting with acute renal colic in pregnancy, 100 patients (47.2%) underwent surgical intervention and 112 patients (52.8%) were treated conservatively. Univariate analysis identified significant differences between the two groups with regards to fever, the duration of pain, white blood cells, C-reactive protein, ureteral stone size, hydronephrosis, and stone location. Multivariate analysis further identified a number of independent predictors for surgical intervention, including fever, a duration of pain ≥ 4 days, a ureteral stone size ≥ 8 mm, and moderate or severe hydronephrosis.ConclusionsWe identified several independent predictors for surgical intervention for renal colic in pregnancy. Fever, a duration of pain ≥ 4 days, a ureteral stone size ≥ 8 mm, and moderate/severe hydronephrosis, play significant roles in predicting surgical intervention. Our nomogram can help to calculate the probability of surgical intervention in a simple and efficient manner. Prospective studies are now required to validate our model.

Infective endocarditis in a cohort of adult CHD patients.

CHD increases the risk of infective endocarditis due to the substrate of prosthetic materials and residual lesions. However, lesion-specific and mortality risks data are lacking. We sought to analyse clinical course and mortality of infective endocarditis in a cohort of adult CHD. Retrospective analysis of all cases of proven and probable infective endocarditis (Duke's criteria) followed in our adult CHD clinic between 1970 and August, 2021. Epidemiological, clinical and imaging data were analysed. Predictors of surgical treatment and mortality were assessed using regression analysis. During a mean follow-up of 15.8 ± 10.9 years, 96 patients had 105 infective endocarditis episodes, half with previous cardiac surgery (corrective or palliative). The most frequent diagnoses were: ventricular septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve, Tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia. The site of infection was identified by echocardiography in 82 episodes (91%), most frequently in aortic (n = 27), tricuspid (n = 15), and mitral (n = 13) valves. Blood cultures were positive in 79% of cases, being streptococci (n = 29) and staphylococci (n = 23) the predominant pathogens. Surgery was necessary in 40% and the in-hospital mortality was 10.5%, associated with heart failure (p < 0.001; OR 13.5) and a non-surgical approach (p = 0.003; OR 5.06). In an adult CHD cohort, infective endocarditis was more frequent in patients with ventricular septal defect and bicuspid aortic valves, which contradicts the current guidelines that excludes them from prophylaxis. Surgical treatment is often required and mortality remains substantial. Prevention of this serious complication should be one of the major tasks in the care of adults with CHD.

The factors affecting the outcomes of conservative and surgical treatment of chiari i adult patients: a comparative retrospective study

ABSTRACT Background The prognosis of the Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) demonstrates a variant spectrum that varies from full recovery to complicated worse neurological disability. Objective To investigate the factors affecting the outcomes of conservative and surgical treatment for CM1 by evaluating adult patients consecutively managed at our institutions. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with CM1 at two reference neurosurgical centers for eight years (2010–2017). We selected all CM1 adult patients who managed conservatively or surgically as the core sample for this study. For clinical evaluation, we used a Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS). For radiological assessment, we adopted both craniocervical and contrast-phase MRIs. We investigate factors such as age, sex, pretreatment symptoms, symptoms duration, and radiological findings in both groups. Results Ninety patients were treated conservatively. After a progression, five of them were treated surgically later and included in a total of 72 patients who underwent decompressive surgery. We successfully managed 85 patients (94.4%) of the conservative group and 64 patients (88.9%) of the surgical group. We found that patients with aqueductal stroke volume (ASV) of 12 µl are surgical candidates. We observed a strong positive correlation between clinical improvement and the increase in ASV values. Conclusions ASV≤12 µl is a significant predictor for surgical intervention. The presence of heavy sleep apnea or/and functional symptoms, tonsillar herniation >13.4 mm on coronal images, low ASV, long symptom durations, and a syrinx are the independent prognostic factors that affected outcomes negatively.

Predictors of Surgical Intervention in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is comprised of two major disorders: Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s disease. Ulcerative Colitis affects the colon, where as Crohn’s disease can involve any component of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the perianal area. These disorders have somewhat different pathologic and clinical characteristics, but with substantial overlap; their pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Objective To determine &amp; detect different predictors that help us to characterize patients with high probability of undergoing surgical intervention for inflammatory bowel diseases. Patients and Methods The present study was designed to detect &amp; identify possible factors that can be used to predict surgical intervention in patients with IBD. The present study was a case control study that was conducted on 80 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (either controlled by medical treatment or needed surgical intervention as a part of disease control) who were recruited form Ain-Shams university hospitals and El Quabbary general hospital in Alexandria. In the present study, the mean age of the included patients was 36.67 ±8.5 years old and 50% of the patients were males. The mean age at the onset of the disease was 25.81 ±6.8 years old. Results In the present study, there were statistically significant differences between surgical and medical patients in terms of CDAI for CD (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and Mayo score for UC (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Surgical patients were more likely to have higher scores. CDAI and Mayo score were negative predictors of surgical treatment. CDAI score &amp;gt; 287 and Mayo score &amp;gt; 8.5 achieved high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of surgical treatment. In the present study, we found that there was statistically significant differences between surgical and medical patients in terms of Stool Calprotectin level. Surgical patients were more likely to have higher Stool Calprotectin level. Stool Calprotectin level was negative predictor of surgical treatment at a level of &amp;gt; 341.5 microgm/gm with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Surgical treatment is a common outcome in IBD. Certain clinical features and the extent of disease are risk factors for surgical intervention. Our study indicates that smoking, Chron’s disease, perianal disease, granulomas, higher severity scores, higher stool Calprotectin level, CRP, and ESR were associated with higher risks of surgical intervention. In addition, smoking, peri-anal disease, CDAI, Mayo score, Stool Calprotectin level, and CRP level were predictors of surgical treatment. The findings of our analysis have implications for practice, particularly in the promotion of preoperative individualized risk prediction. The ability to predict which patients will need surgery and target more intensive, early treatment to that group would be invaluable. Further research through large prospective cohort studies is needed to confirm our findings and conclusions.

Exploring the Use of Exchange Transfusion in the Surgical Management of Priapism in Sickle Cell Disease: A Population-Based Analysis

IntroductionPriapism is a urologic emergency that may require surgical intervention in cases refractory to supportive care. Exchange transfusion (ET) has been previously used to manage sickle cell disease (SCD), including in priapism; however, its utilization in the context of surgical intervention has not been well-established. AimTo explore the utilization of ET, as well as other patient and hospital-level factors, associated with surgical intervention for SCD-induced priapism MethodsUsing the National Inpatient Sample (2010–2015), males diagnosed with SCD and priapism were stratified by need for surgical intervention. Survey-weighted regression models were used to analyze the association of ET to surgical intervention. Furthermore, negative binomial regression and generalized linear models with logarithmic transformation were used to compare ET vs surgery to length of hospital stay (LOS) and total hospital charges, respectively. Main Outcome Measures: Predictors of surgical intervention among patients with SCD-related priapism ResultsA weighted total of 8,087 hospitalizations were identified, with 1,782 (22%) receiving surgical intervention for priapism, 484 undergoing ET (6.0%), and 149 (1.8%) receiving combined therapy of both ET and surgery. On multivariable regression, pre-existing Elixhauser comorbidities (e.g. ≥2 Elixhauser: OR: 2.20; P < 0.001), other forms of insurance (OR: 2.12; P < 0.001), and ET (OR: 1.99; P = 0.009) had increased odds of undergoing surgical intervention. In contrast, Black race (OR: 0.45; P < 0.001) and other co-existing SCD complications (e.g. infectious complications OR: 0.52; P < 0.001) reduced such odds. Compared to supportive care alone, patients undergoing ET (adjusted IRR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.10–1.83; P = 0.007) or combined therapy (adjusted IRR: 1.42; 95% CI: 111–1.82; P < 0.001) had a longer LOS vs. surgery alone (adjusted IRR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74–0.97; P = 0.017). Patients receiving ET (adjusted Ratio: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.52–3.76; P < 0.001) or combined therapy (adjusted Ratio: 4.42; 95% CI: 1.67–11.71; P = 0.003) had higher ratio of mean hospital charges compared with surgery alone (adjusted Ratio: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.69–1.72; P = 0.710). ConclusionsNumerous factors were associated with the need for surgical intervention, including the use of ET. Those receiving ET, as well as those with combined therapy, had a longer LOS and increased total hospital charges.Ha AS, Wallace BK, Miles C, et al. Exploring the Use of Exchange Transfusion in the Surgical Management of Priapism in Sickle Cell Disease: A Population-Based Analysis. J Sex Med 2021;18:1788–1796.

Predictors of surgical intervention in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (two-center study)

BackgroundSixty percent of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients require intestinal resection, and 20% of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients undergo proctocolectomy for medically refractory disease. Scarcity of literature about predictors for surgical intervention in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encouraged the conduction of this study to assess risk factors for surgical intervention in IBD patients.ResultsThis cohort study included 80 Egyptian inflammatory bowel disease patients recruited from two medical centers. Patients were classified into two groups, 40 patients each, according to their need for surgical intervention to control inflammatory bowel disease. The two groups were compared regarding age of onset, type and location of disease, smoking, extraintestinal manifestations, perianal disease, granuloma, severity scores, stool calprotectin, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and serum albumin at diagnosis for Crohn’s disease patients.Twelve ulcerative colitis and 28 Crohn’s disease patients required surgical intervention in the form of total colectomy (30%), fistulectomy (32.5%), resection anastomosis (17.5%) or abscess drainage (20%). Perianal disease, smoking, and disease severity scores showed high significant differences (P value < 0.001); disease type and presence of granuloma showed statistically significant difference (P value < 0.05) between both groups. But, patient age at onset, location of the disease or extraintestinal manifestation had no statistical significance (P value > 0.5). Surgical interventions were more likely to be needed in patients with higher stool calprotectin level, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and lower serum albumin for Crohn’s disease patients (P value < 0.001 for each).ConclusionSmoking, perianal disease, higher severity scores, stool calprotectin, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels are predictors of surgical treatment.

Predictors of surgical intervention and visual outcome in bacterial orbital cellulitis.

This study aims to identify predictive factors associated with surgical intervention and the visual outcome of orbital cellulitis and to evaluate the treatment outcomes.A retrospective study involving 66 patients (68 eyes; 64 unilateral and 2 bilateral) diagnosed with bacterial orbital cellulitis was conducted between November 2005 and May 2019.The mean (± standard deviation) age was 42.1 (± 25.8) years (range: 15 days–86 years). Sinusitis was the most frequent predisposing factor, occurring in 25 patients (37.9%), followed by skin infection in 10 patients (15.2%), and acute dacryocystitis in 9 patients (13.6%). Subperiosteal abscesses were found in 24 eyes and orbital abscesses in 19 eyes. Surgical drainage was performed in 31 eyes. Regarding the abscess volume for surgical drainage, a cut-off of 1514 mm3 showed 71% sensitivity and 80% specificity. There was significant improvement in visual acuity (VA) and decrease in proptosis after treatment (for both, P ≤ .001). Only pre-treatment VA ≤20/200 was a significant predictor for post-treatment VA of 20/50 or worse (adjusted odds ratio: 12.0, P = .003). The presence of a relative afferent pupillary defect was the main predictor of post-treatment VA of 20/200 or worse (adjusted odds ratio: 19.0, P = .003).The most common predisposing factor for orbital cellulitis in this study was sinusitis. VA and proptosis significantly improved after treatment. We found that the abscess volume was strongly predictive of surgical intervention. Pre-treatment poor VA and the presence of relative afferent pupillary defect can predict the worst visual outcome. Hence, early detection of optic nerve dysfunction and prompt treatment could improve the visual prognosis.

Improving Lower Extremity Casting Quality by Providing an Experienced Assistant in Pediatric Tibia Fractures Managed by Trainees.

Background: The value of employing an orthopedic technician or advanced practice provider (OT/APP) to assist trainees during on-call hours has not been assessed. As the third most common pediatric long bone fracture, most tibial fractures can be managed with closed reduction and casting. Purpose: We sought to determine whether clinical outcomes could be positively affected for traumatic childhood tibia fractures by using an experienced OT/APP to aid orthopedic surgery residents with closed reduction and casting. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of tibial shaft fractures that occurred between 2010 and January 2017. Fractures undergoing manipulation and closed reduction by orthopedic surgery residents (post-graduate year 2 to 4) in the emergency department were included and differentiated into 2 cohorts: (1) residents who performed the procedure alone and (2) residents who were assisted by an OT/APP. Comparisons in cast quality and treatment success were made using univariate statistics followed by a multivariate Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. Results: Of the 73 patients who met our criteria, 38 received treatment by a resident alone and 35 by a resident assisted by an OT/APP. Evidence to support our hypothesis was found with the resident-alone group "over" padding the casts posteriorly. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the rate of subsequent surgical intervention was more than double in the resident-alone group (31% vs 14%), yet OT/APP castings underwent more wedging at follow-up (17% vs 0%). CART analysis revealed initial fracture severity and lack of OT/APP assistance as predictors of surgical intervention with terminal nodes, in increasing order of risk of requiring surgical intervention: lower translation on sagittal and anteroposterior (AP), lower sagittal translation with greater AP translation, greater sagittal translation with OT/APP assistance, and greater sagittal translation without assistance. The initiation of a cast application-training program in 2015 decreased the need for surgical treatment in the resident-only group (pre-program 38.5% vs post-program 17%), although this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: When residents were assisted by OT/APP with initial tibia closed reduction and casting, subsequent loss of reduction was more likely to be managed with cast wedging; when this assistance was not available, there was a higher rate of fractures needing surgical intervention due, in part, to poor casting technique. The reduction in the rate of surgical intervention after an internal training program was implemented suggests that trainees may improve their casting ability without added help of an experienced assistant. Future study should be performed on distal radius fractures to determine if the presented findings are valid across casting types.

Long-Term Surgical Outcomes and Predictors of Surgical Treatment in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Background: Surgical treatment of epilepsy is a favored modality in the management of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and known to be quite effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes in surgical treatment of TLE and to identify prognostic factors influencing postoperative seizure remission. Materials and Methods: The patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) with the diagnosis of refractory TLE in our center between the years of 2006 and 2020 were included. Preoperative workup process was carried out by a multidisciplinary team and consisted of neuropsychological examination, long-term electroencephalography, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for each patient. Postoperative assessment of seizure control was repeated every year following surgery and categorized according to Engel's outcome classification. The predictive value of baseline demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histopathological parameters on postoperative seizure control was also evaluated. Results: One hundred and forty-three patients who underwent ATL with the diagnosis of TLE were included. According to Engel's classification, the seizure freedom rate was found to be 83.2% at the 2nd year, 81.3% at the 4th year, and 79.2% at the 10th year after surgery. In the univariate analysis, febrile seizure (FS) history, unilateral interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), hippocampal sclerosis (HS) on MRI, unilateral temporal hypometabolism (HM) on FDG-PET, and HS in histopathology were predictors of seizure control at the postoperative 2nd and 10th years. FS history, unilateral localization of IEDs, and unilateral FDG-PET findings of temporal HM were found to be the independent predictors of postoperative seizure control on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: In the current study, we revealed that epilepsy surgery provides effective seizure control and represents a beneficial therapeutic option in refractory TLE. Our results also suggested that FS history, unilateral IEDs, and unilateral FDG-PET findings of temporal HM were independent predictors of seizure remission in these patients.