Predictor Of Nutritional Status Research Articles

Prognostic Nutritional Index Correlates with Liver Function and Prognosis in Chronic Liver Disease Patients.

The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) is widely recognized as a screening tool for nutrition. We retrospectively examined the impact of PNI in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD, n = 319, median age = 71 years, 153 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients) as an observational study. Factors associated with PNI < 40 were also examined. The PNI correlated well with the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score and ALBI grade. The 1-year cumulative overall survival rates in patients with PNI ≥ 40 (n = 225) and PNI < 40 (n = 94) were 93.2% and 65.5%, respectively (p < 0.0001). In patients with (p < 0.0001) and without (p < 0.0001) HCC, similar tendencies were found. In the multivariate analysis, hemoglobin (p = 0.00178), the presence of HCC (p = 0.0426), and ALBI score (p < 0.0001) were independent factors linked to PNI < 40. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis based on survival for the PNI yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.79, with sensitivity of 0.80, specificity of 0.70, and an optimal cutoff point of 42.35. In conclusion, PNI can be a predictor of nutritional status in CLD patients. A PNI of <40 can be useful in predicting the prognosis of patients with CLD.

Nutritional status and its associated factors among children

This study aimed to analyze the nutritional status of children in these districts, taking into account factors such as age, gender, maternal education, family income, and children's eating patterns. The study used a cross-sectional design, with 279 children aged 1-10 years as subjects. Data were collected by distributing structured questionnaires to the participants’ parents. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test to determine the significance of the relationship between the predictors and nutritional status of the children (α = 0.05). The results showed that maternal education (0.012), parental income (0.001), and eating patterns (0.001) were significantly associated with the nutritional status of children who were stunted and normal. However, for overweight and obese children, maternal education (0.835), parental income (0.951), and eating patterns (0.309) were not predictors of nutritional status. Age and sex did not significantly influence the nutritional status of children in all categories. Family based interventions through health education are needed to improve nutritional literacy so that parents can plan and prepare nutritious meals for their children. The government must provide policies to support families, especially those with low incomes, to ensure the availability of adequate food and access to nutritious food.

Nutritional status of tribal and non-tribal adults in rural Bangladesh: A comparative study.

Nutritional status is an important indicator of health status among adults. However, to date, there exists scanty information on the nutritional status of tribal populations of Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to investigate the nutritional status of tribal (T) and non-tribal (NT) adult people living in the rural area of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. A total of 420 (72 T and 348 NT) households were studied. The samples were selected using multistage stratified sampling with proportional allocation. The nutritional status of adults was measured using body mass index (BMI). Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Z-proportional test were utilized for data analysis. The study revealed that 8.3% and 9.2% of T and NT men were suffering from under nutrition respectively, while the corresponding figures in women were 12.5% and 10.1% respectively. Overall, 11.1% and 27.0% men, and 13.9% and 29.3% women T and NT were over-nourished respectively. The rate of over nutrition among T was significantly (p<0.05) higher than NT for both sexes. The mean weight and BMI of the NT men were significantly (p<0.01) higher than T men. The mean weight, height and BMI of NT women were higher (p<0.05) than T women. ANOVA demonstrated that the variation in BMI among education levels of NT men and the variation among occupation for both ethnicities were significant (p<0.01). The variation in BMI among education levels and occupation of T and NT women were significant (p<0.05), moreover ordinal logistic regression model demonstrated that hygienic toilet facilities and father's occupation were predictors of nutritional status. The interaction effects of education and occupation, and education and household monthly income on BMI were significant (p<0.01) for T men and both T and NT women (p<0.05). The prevalence of over-nutrition among NT is higher than T for both sexes. Some socio-economic and demographic factors were found as predictors of malnutrition. At least 12 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contain indicators that are highly related to nutrition, our findings can help Bangladesh Government for achieving SDGs by 2030. Appropriate nutritional intervention and awareness programmes can be initiated by the Government to ameliorate the burden of malnutrition among adults in the country.

Nutritional Status of Toddlers Taken Care for by Parents and by Other Than Parents

The toddler is one of the stages of children’s development in which they thrive and grow rapidly so they need good nutrition and stimulation from their parents. However, not every toddler is directly raised by their parents as the main caregivers. They are being forced to be taken care of by others such as nannies or other family members like grandparents, etc. This research aims to compare the nutritional status of toddlers with those growing up conditions. The research was a comparative study. The population was mothers who had toddlers and samples were taken by purposive sampling technique with a total of 97 mothers. This research was conducted at Payung Sekaki Health Center, Pekanbaru. Data were taken by child-care questionnaires and anthropometry observation sheet (weight per age) then data were analyzed by Chi-square test. The Chi-square test found that 56 children that were directly cared for by parents had normal nutrition and 7 were not. Meanwhile, of children whose caregivers were other than parents, 28 were in a normal nutrition state and 6 children were not (p-value 0.369; α 0.05). This study concluded that no difference was observed in nutritional status between toddlers that directly cared for by their parents and others who were not. Therefore, further research is needed regarding other factors that are predictors of nutritional status in toddlers.&#x0D; Keywords: nutritional status, toddler, parents

P536 Is there any association between fat body mass and bone mineral density in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Abstract Background Low bone mineral density (BMD) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is multifactorial and includes nutritional status. The study aimed to look for the association between fat body mass and fat-free mass and BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck and total body. Methods The study subjects included 95 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), 68 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 40 healthy adults (control group - CG) in age of 18-50 years old, recruited at the Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences between 2020-2021. The summary of the methods is presented in Figure 1. DXA- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry Results A lowered fat mass percentage occurred in about 8% of CD, 13% of UC and 3% of CG. Additionally, an increased percentage of fat mass occurred above 50% of CD, 40% of UC and about 60% of CG. It is interesting because the median, lower and upper quartile for BMI (body mass index) was normal for CD [21.70 (19.20; 24.40] and UC [20.30 (18.45; 24.05)]. Fat body mass and fat mass percentage were significantly lower among UC compared with the CG and CD in women but not men. Additionally, healthy women presented higher fat-free mass than CD and UC women. We did not find the same differences for men. In CD women, but not men, with a high body fat percentage, we find a higher BMD and T-score of L1-L4-but than the standard body fat percentage. Fat body mass correlated positively with BMD and T-score of L1-L4 and total body in men with UC but not in men with CD and women with UC. However, we find a positive correlation between fat body mass and BMD and T-score of L1-L4, femoral neck and total body. Among CG, positive correlations occurred between the fat body mass and BMD of L1-L4, BMD of total body and T-score of total body, but only in men. Fat-free mass correlated positively with BMD and T-score of L1-L4 and total body and BMD, T-score and Z-score of the femoral neck in CD women but not UC women. In men, correlations occurred between the fat-free mass and BMD and T-score of L1-L4, femoral neck and total body in CD. Among UC, fat-free mass correlated with BMD, T-score, and Z-score of L1-L4, femoral neck and total body. We did not find a correlation in CG. CRP (C-reactive protein) correlated negatively with fat body mass only in men with CD and negatively in healthy women. Conclusion A higher fat mass percentage is common among IBD patients and healthy adults despite normal BMI. Probably, fat body mass and fat-free mass are predictors of nutritional status and the course of the disease, therefore correlated positively with BMD, T-score and Z-score. On the other hand, a high-fat mass percentage with a normal BMI indicates metabolic obesity with normal weight.

The Role of Standardized Phase Angle in the Assessment of Nutritional Status and Clinical Outcomes in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Compared with the phase angle (PA), the predictive ability of the standardized phase angle (SPA) in assessing nutritional status and clinical outcomes in cancer patients remains uncertain. This review aimed to assess (1) the relationship between SPA and nutritional status and clinical outcomes (including complications and survival) in cancer patients; (2) the predictive ability of SPA alone and in comparison with the predictive ability of PA; and (3) the cut-off value of SPA in cancer patients. Studies that addressed the relationship of SPA use to nutritional status, complications, and survival in cancer patients were searched and identified from six electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library). The included studies were considered to meet the following criteria: English studies with original data that reflected the effects of SPA on nutritional status and clinical outcomes (including complications and survival) and reported a cut-off value of SPA in cancer patients aged ≥18. Thirteen studies that included a total of 2787 participants were evaluated. Five studies assessed the relationship between SPA and nutritional status, and four of them reported a positive relationship between SPA and nutritional status in cancer patients, even considering SPA as a predictor. Twelve studies assessed the relationship between SPA and clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Two-thirds of the studies that evaluated complications reported the predictive ability of SPA; 30% of survival studies reported a positive relationship, 40% reported SPA as a predictor, and 30% reported no relationship. The standard cut-off value for SPA has not yet been determined. Data from the selected studies suggest that SPA might be a predictor of nutritional status. Further studies are needed to determine the value of SPA in predicting nutritional status and clinical outcomes in cancer patients.

Relationship of Health Status and Micronutrients Level With Nutritional Status of the Elderly With Psychological Disorders

Objectives Elderly with psychological disorders are at risk of malnutrition. Investigating the nutritional status and identifying the effective factors among the preventive and control measures. This study aims to investigate the nutritional status and its relationship with health status and micronutrients level in older people with psychological disorders. Methods &amp; Materials In this cross-sectional survey, 101 older people admitted to Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2018 participated. The data were collected after blood sampling and assessing body mass index (BMI) using a demographic form, the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool and a health status questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by the chi-square test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis in SPSS v. 21. Results Almost three-quarters of the participants had an abnormal nutritional status. The results showed that the nutritional status of participants had a significant relationship with dental health status, physical activity, the serum levels of vitamin D and vitamin B12, and BMI (P&lt;0.05). After logistic analysis, vitamin B12 level (OR=1.007, 95% CI: 1.002-1.012), physical activity (OR=8.539, 95%CI: 1.142-63.85) and dental health status (OR=23.119, 95%CI:1.401-38.788) were reported as the predictors of nutritional status. It was reported that 95% of the elderly had vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion Most of the elderly with psychological disorders are at risk of malnutrition or have malnutrition. The identified predictors of malnutrition for this group are modifiable. Therefore, regular screening and nutritional management should be strengthened for their therapeutic interventions.

Increased Rate of Serum Prealbumin Level after Preoperative Enteral Nutrition as an Indicator of Morbidity in Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer with Outlet Obstruction.

Preoperative malnutrition is believed to contribute to increased postoperative complications. Preoperative serum prealbumin level was reported to be a predictor of nutritional status and postoperative complications after gastrointestinal surgery, including gastrectomy. Gastric outlet obstruction caused by gastric cancer leads to insufficient nutritional status. However, the impact of preoperative enteral nutrition using naso-jejunal feeding tubes for patients with gastric outlet obstruction is not fully understood. From July 2010 to June 2020, 50 patients with gastric cancer-induced outlet obstruction who underwent gastrectomy following preoperative enteral nutrition via feeding tube were included. We investigated the relationship between changes in nutritional status after preoperative enteral nutrition and postoperative complications. Postoperative complications were defined as grade ≥II based on the Clavien-Dindo classification. The median period of preoperative enteral nutrition was 10days. The median increase rate of the serum prealbumin level was 10.5% (interquartile range, 0.63-38.2%), and patients with an increase rate ≥ 10% were defined as the elevated group. Postoperative morbidity was significantly higher in the non-elevated group (P = 0.0031). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that an increased rate of the serum prealbumin level was an independent risk factor of postoperative complications for patients with gastric outlet obstruction caused by gastric cancer (P = 0.0025 and P = 0.009, respectively). Preoperative enteral nutrition improved the serum prealbumin level of patients with gastric cancer-induced outlet obstruction, and an increased rate of prealbumin can be an indicator of sufficient preoperative enteral nutrition and decreased postoperative morbidity.

Predictors of Nutritional Status, Depression, Internet Addiction, Facebook Addiction, and Tobacco Smoking Among Women With Eating Disorders in Spain.

Eating disorders (EDs) are a complex group of psychiatric conditions that involve dysfunctional eating patterns, nutritional alterations, and other comorbid psychopathologies. Some women with EDs may develop problematic internet use while they attempt to get information on dieting/weight control or get online support from people with similar problems. They may also drift toward tobacco smoking as a method to regulate their weight or to cope with their weight-related dysphoria. The occurrence of these conditions in EDs may prolong disease course and impede recovery. This study used structural equation modeling to investigate nutritional status (noted by body mass index, BMI), depression psychopathology, internet addiction (depicted by the Internet Addiction Test), Facebook addiction (depicted by the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale), and smoking among 123 Spanish women diagnosed with EDs (mean age = 27.3 ± 10.6 years). History of hospitalization, marital status, age, and the level of education predicted BMI in certain ED groups. BMI did not predict depression, but it predicted internet addiction, Facebook addiction, and smoking in certain ED groups. Depression did not predict BMI, internet/Facebook addition, or smoking in any ED group. Some sociodemographic and clinical variables had indirect effects on depression, internet addiction, and Facebook addiction while age was the only variable expressing a direct effect on all outcome measures. Age, education, and history of prolonged treatment predicted smoking in certain ED patients. The findings signify that a considerable target for interventional strategies addressing nutritional and addictive problems in EDs would be women with high BMI, history of hospitalization, history of prolonged treatment, who are particularly young, single, and less educated. Replication studies in larger samples, which comprise various subtypes of EDs from both genders, are warranted to define the exact interaction among the addressed variables.

Predictors of Nutritional Status and Academic Performance of Under-Five Early Childhood Development Children in Zimbabwe

Despite multiple efforts to combat malnutrition of children in Zimbabwe, levels of stunting still fall short of the acceptable target of 20% by UNICEF. Malnutrition at an early age could result in irreversible damage and other far-reaching consequences such as diminished learning and school performance. Thus, this study investigated the factors affecting nutritional status and academic performance of Early Childhood Education under five years children. Nutritional status was determined using the Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) and academic performance using basic shapes and colours. Structured questionnaires were used to gather data from 216 under-five children, teachers and parents or guardians of the children in Harare and Mashonaland East Provinces of Zimbabwe. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, frequencies and chi-square test of independence using SPSS version 23. The results showed that academic performance score for urban and rural children were 82.94% and 73.81% respectively. The average MUAC was 15.8 cm for urban and 15.7cm for rural. Academic performance and nutritional status of the ECD child were both significantly related to location of school, ECD grade, value of assets owned and years of schooling of household head. Nutrition status was also affected by marital status of the household head, relationship between the household head and the ECD child, household dietary diversity and residence ownership. Academic performance of ECD children was significantly related to the age of ECD child, distance to school and ECD child household’s size, dietary diversity, income sources and total monthly income. Concentric efforts among all stakeholders aimed at reducing distance that children travel to school, improving household income and dietary diversity could reduce the incidence of malnutrition and improve children’s academic performance.&#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 31 August 2021 / Accepted: 1 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

Association between nutritional status and muscle strength in pediatric cancer patients.

Cancer provides a catabolic state, leading to weight loss and depletion of lean mass, which is accompanied by loss of muscle strength in pediatric patients. Muscle strength is considered a predictor of nutritional status. The aim was to evaluate the association between nutritional status and muscle strength in pediatric cancer patients hospitalized at the Cancer Hospital I. A cross-sectional study was carried out with cancer patients aged 6-19 years hospitalized in the period from February to November 2019. In the first 48h of hospitalization, anthropometric (body weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference - MUAC, tricipital skinfold - TSF, calculated body mass index - BMI and mid-arm muscle circumference - MAMC) and handgrip strength (HGS) assessments were performed. The statistical analysis for the data correlation was performed using Pearson's coefficient, linear regression, and association by χ2 test. The HGS values were distributed in quartiles. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The sample consisted of 63 patients, 52.40% male and 47.60% female. The mean age was 13.01 (±3.83; 6.20-19.78) years. The frequency of adequate BMI was 45.60% and the mean HGS was 17.10kg (±8.93). There was a strong positive correlation between HGS and MAMC and weight (r=0.743; p<0,001 and r=0.706; p<0,001, respectively), and association with MAMC independently of age and sex. According to quartile distribution, the lowest HGS quartile also showed association with below adequate MAMC (p=0.005). These results showed muscle strength was associated with nutritional status and low muscle strength was associated with low muscle mass, independently of age and sex.

Relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin resistance and metabolic profile with pre-obesity and obesity in children.

Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition with alarmingly high rates worldwide. There is controversy regarding the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and pediatric obesity. We investigated the relationship between IGF-1, insulin resistance and metabolic profile with childhood pre-obesity/obesity. The study involved 201 children aged 7-15 years, divided in three groups according to their nutritional status (International Obesity Task Force criteria): normal-weight (n=84), pre-obese (n=82), obese (n=35). Laboratory IGF-1, insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid (UA), anthropometric and body composition parameters were analyzed. Body mass index and IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) score were calculated. Pre-obese/obese children had significantly higher IGF-1 SDS, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, UA, ALT, triglycerides, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c); obese group had higher WtHR and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) compared to controls (p<0.05). In obese group, IGF-1 SDS was positively correlated with fat free/muscle mass, total body water (p<0.05) and negatively correlated with LDL-c (p<0.05). In pre-obese/obese HOMA-IR and insulin were positively correlated with age, total body fat (TBF) (p<0.05) and negatively correlated with HDL-c (pre-obese) (p<0.05). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that IGF-1 SDS (OR=1.94; 95%CI: 1.21-3.11), TBF (OR=1.37; 95%CI: 1.21-1.54) were predictors of nutritional status (p<0.001). FBG (OR=42.39; 95%CI: 2.31-77.2) and UA (OR=1.03; 95%CI: 1.01-1.05) were predictors of IR (p<0.001). IGF-1 SDS and TBF were predictors of nutritional status. Further studies are required to clarify the role of IGF-1 in pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities.

Assessment of nutritive status and its correction in oncological patients after operations in the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone

Surgical interventions in the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone in cancer patients are associated with high risk of nutritional deficiency in the postoperative period. This feature is due to both the volume of the operation itself (pancreatoduodenectomy), and the predominance of catabolic processes in the early postoperative period. In this regard, the monitoring of the main indicators of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in the early postoperative period becomes fundamental for choosing the correct tactics of nutritional support for this patients. Aim. Improvement of the nutritional status of cancer patients after operations carried out in the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone in connection with malignant neoplasms by means of a comprehensive comparative analysis of the effectiveness of isolated enteral, isolated parenteral and mixed types of nutritional support in the early postoperative period. Material and methods. The examination included 40 patients with an average age of 44.5±6.8 years (15 men, 25 women). All patients for analysis were divided into two groups: the first, the main - patients receiving strictly enteral and/or probe nutrition (n=21), the second, control - isolated parenteral nutrition (n=19). The dynamic of the main predictors of nutritional status in the early postoperative period was assessed: the level of total blood protein, including albumin, lymphocyte count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, their ratio - the de Ritis coefficient (as indirect criterion of cytolytic syndrome), total bilirubin. The analysis included the time interval of the enteral and parenteral nutrition in the early postoperative period, together with the number of bed-days required to correct the nutritional status in these patients in an intensive care unit. To objectify and clarify the dynamics of the nutritional status of patients in the pre- and postoperative period, we used the generally accepted scales for assessing nutritional status - Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) Nutritional Risk Index (NRI). Results. According to the SGA and NRI rating scales, the overwhelming majority of patients in the main and control groups (85.7% and 94.7%, respectively) had a normal nutritional status before the operation. In the postoperative period, 4 (21%) patients in the control group showed signs of moderate malnutrition by day 12, which regressed after the enteral nutritional support was connected. There were no statistically significant changes in nutritional status in patients of the main group. The basal metabolic rate in patients of both groups had no statistical differences before surgery (2296±279 kcal/day). On the 15th day of the postoperative period, its increase by 394 kcal/day was recorded in the main group, in the control group an increase in the basal metabolic rate was observed only with the addition of the enteral component of nutritional support, on average, by 321 kcal/day. There was no statistically significant decrease in the level of blood lymphocytes in patients of the main group (p=0.289) in comparison with the traced tendency to lymphopenia (p=0.019) in patients of the control group. The patients of the main group showed a slower regression of the ALT activity, and, accordingly, less increase in the de Ritis coefficient. Conclusion. In patients operated in the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone due to malignant neoplasms, in the early postoperative period, the enteral administration of nutritional mixtures may be preferable, both as an isolated method of nutritional support and as a supplement to parenteral nutrition, given its positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract passage, the level of basal metabolism, the state of the protein-synthetic function of the liver and, indirectly, the degree of cytolytic syndrome.

Body Image And Nutrition Assessment As A Predictor Of Nutritional Status Among Adolescents In Public Senior High School 9 Pontianak City

Youth is the beginning of the formation of a high quality of life in the future. For adolescents not to have a negative body image that impacts multiple nutritional statuses (less and more nutritional status), an information-based education is needed which they organize to support life as a beautiful person but a high level of health by maintaining nutritional status in the normal category and living a style. Healthy life so that the beauty they have is a quality beauty. This study aims to analyze the relationship between body image, nutritional knowledge, nutritional status in adolescents in Public senior high school 09 Pontianak City. The research method was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design, the study was conducted from July to August 2018. The population of this study was students of class X and XI of Public senior high school 09 Pontianak City. Based on the results of the sample calculation, 90 people were determined using a random sampling technique. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between body image, nutritional knowledge, and adolescent nutritional status with value (p = 0.03). Suggestions, it is necessary to warn of nutritional status periodically by the Saigon Public Health Center in collaboration with the School of Public senior high school 09 Pontianak City, so that the nutritional status of adolescents is well controlled.

Corrigendum to “Sarcopenia as a predictor of nutritional status and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with cancer: A cross-sectional study” [Nutrition 2020;73:110703

Corrigendum to “Sarcopenia as a predictor of nutritional status and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with cancer: A cross-sectional study” [Nutrition 2020;73:110703

Household Food Insecurity Predicts Childhood Undernutrition: A Cross-Sectional Study in West Oromia (Ethiopia).

Background Despite mixed reports, food insecurity emerges as a predictor of nutritional status, assumably limiting the quantity and quality of dietary intake. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of childhood undernutrition and food insecurity is highly pronounced. However, whether household food insecurity predicts undernutrition in children was not yet well established. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify the link between household food access and undernutrition in children aged 6–23 months in West Oromia zones, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 525 households during June–October 2016. Food access was measured as Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Semistructured interviewer-administered questionnaires were employed to collect data on sociodemographics, child health, child dietary practices, household food security, and anthropometrics. The height and weight of children aged 6–23 months in each household were measured. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between household food insecurity and child nutritional status measured from undernutrition indicators. Results Overall, more than two-thirds (69%) of households were classified as food insecure (had insufficient access to adequate food), with a mean (SD) household food access score of 7.9 (7.7). The respective prevalence of mild and moderate food-insecure households was 56.6% and 12.4%. Higher proportions of children in food-insecure households were stunted (41.8% vs. 15.5%), underweight (22.0% vs. 6.1%), and wasted (14.9% vs. 6.1%). Overall, the prevalence of child undernutrition was 21.3% in the target population, with 16.2% stunted, 6.9% underweight, and 6.3% wasted. The present finding shows food-secure households were 54% protective (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25–0.84) for child undernutrition. Compared to children in food-secure households, children who were reportedly living in moderately food-insecure households were over twice more likely stunted (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.02–4.28) and over 4 times more likely underweight (OR: 4.73, 95% CI: 1.81–12.35). However, household food insecurity was not a correlate for acute malnutrition (wasting) in children. Conclusions The prevalence of household's food insecurity situation is very common and more pronounced among households with undernourished children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. The analysis of this work shows that moderately food-insecure households are a salient predictor for composite undernutrition, stunting, and underweight, but not for wasting. Thus, this finding informs the need for multisectoral strategies and policies to combat household's food insecurity and multiple forms of child undernutrition, beyond the socioeconomic wellbeing.

Sarcopenia as a predictor of nutritional status and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Sarcopenia promotes worsening of nutritional status and an increase in comorbidities. Likewise, use of validated instruments to assess nutritional and comorbidity factors are warranted. Thus, the objectives were to assess the prevalence of risk for sarcopenia and to determine whether there is an association between sarcopenia and nutritional status and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with cancer. This was a cross-sectional study with 77 patients with different types of cancer. Both men and women were enrolled. The risk for sarcopenia was assessed by the Strength, Assistance With Walking, Rise From a Chair, Climb Stairs, and Falls (SARC-F) questionnaire. Patients were divided into two groups: risk for sarcopenia (SARC-F score ≥4) and no risk for sarcopenia (SARC-F score <4). The presence of comorbidities and nutritional risks were analyzed using Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), respectively. Logistic and multiple regression analyses were used to verify the association and predictive factors of SARC-F. Of the 77 patients, 40.2% (n=31; 63.48 ± 10.59 y of age) were classified as having a risk for sarcopenia and 59.7% (n=46; 51.20 ± 12.81 y of age) without risk. We found an association between the risk for sarcopenia and CCI and NRS-2002 in crude model and after adjustment for age. Additionally, SARC-F is a good predictor of the increase of CCI (β=0.357, R²=0.29, P=0.003) and NRS-2002 (β=0.519, R²=0.49, P < 0.001). In the present study, ∼40% of patients with cancer had a risk for sarcopenia and a greater prediction for nutritional risk (49%) and comorbidities (29%).

Anticholinergic Load and Nutritional Status in Older Individuals.

The association between anticholinergic load-based Anticholinergic Risk Scale scores and nutritional status is unclear in Japanese patients. The aim of this study was to establish whether anticholinergic load affects the nutritional status of geriatric patients in convalescent stages. Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Convalescent rehabilitation wards. Of the 1490 patients aged ≥65 years who were discharged from convalescent rehabilitation wards between July 2010 and October 2018, 908 patients met the eligibility criteria. They were categorized according to the presence or absence of increased anticholinergic load from admission to discharge. Demographic data, laboratory data, the Functional Independence Measure were analyzed between the groups. The primary outcome was Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) at discharge. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between anticholinergic load and GNRI at discharge. Multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors revealed that anticholinergic load was independently and negatively correlated with GNRI at discharge. Particularly, the use of chlorpromazine, hydroxyzine, haloperidol, metoclopramide, risperidone, etc. increased significantly from admission to discharge. Increased anticholinergic load during hospitalization may be a predictor of nutritional status in geriatric patients.

Assessment of bioelectrical phase angle as a predictor of nutritional status in patients with Crohn's disease: A cross sectional study

The assessment of body composition (BC) can be used to identify malnutrition in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of CD patients by assessing BC, phase angle (PhA) and muscle strength. Differences in disease duration and medications were also considered. Consecutive adult CD patients aged 18-65 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Disease activity was clinically defined by the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) in the active and quiescent phases. All participants underwent anthropometry, BC and handgrip-strength (HGS) measurements; additionally, blood samples were taken. Data from CD patients were also compared with age-, sex- and BMI-matched healthy people. A total of 140 CD patients with a mean age of 38.8±13.9 years and a mean body weight of 64.9±12kg were recruited and compared to controls. The findings showed that all nutritional parameters, especially PhA and HGS, were lower in CD patients than in controls, and these parameters were substantially impaired as disease activity increased. Active CD patients had a lower body weight and fat mass than both the quiescent and control groups. PhA was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.362; p=0.000) and CDAI (r=-0.135; p=0.001) but was positively associated with fat free mass (FFM) (r=0.443; p=0.000) and HGS (r=0.539; p=0.000). Similarly, serum protein markers were lower in the active CD group than in the quiescent group (p<0.05). Disease duration and medications did not significantly affect nutritional status. BIA-derived PhA is a valid indicator of nutritional status in CD patients, and its values decreased with increasing disease activity. Additionally, small alterations in BC, such as low FFM, and reduced HGS values can be considered markers of nutritional deficiency. Therefore, the assessment of BC should be recommended in clinical practice for screening and monitoring the nutritional status of CD patients.

Serum myokine (myostatin and IGF-1) measurement as predictors in hemodialysis patients

BackgroundAlthough individuals undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are a major sarcopenic population, there are few methods to assess their skeletal muscle mass conveniently. Here, we investigated the usefulness of serum myostatin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) measurements for the evaluation of skeletal muscle mass.MethodsWe examined 117 patients undergoing conventional hemodialysis. The serum myostatin level and IGF-1 level were measured once and compared to clinical parameters (especially skeletal muscle mass-related factors) in hemodialysis patients.ResultsThe myostatin levels were positively correlated with body cell mass, arm muscle circumference, basal metabolic rate, creatinine, creatinine phosphokinase, and albumin and negatively correlated with body fat rate, arm circumference–arm muscle circumference, age, and C-reactive protein (CRP). The IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with body cell mass, body mass index, arm muscle circumference, arm circumference–arm muscle circumference, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, protein catabolism rate, transferrin, cholesterol, and triglyceride, and negatively with age and human atrial natriuretic polypeptide.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that serum myostatin might be a useful biomarker for predicting muscle mass and serum IGF-1 might be a useful predictor of nutritional status in hemodialysis patients.