Predictor Of Negative Affect Research Articles

Is meaningful work always a resource toward wellbeing? The effect of autonomy, security and multiple dimensions of subjective meaningful work on wellbeing

PurposeUsing conservation of resources as a theoretical lens, the paper aims to investigate distinct objective meaningful work (OMW) and subjective meaningful work (SMW) domains as resources that contribute to wellbeing.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted with 879 employees, measuring OMW resources (job security and autonomy), SMW using the well-validated multidimensional Comprehensive Meaningful Work Scale (CMWS) focusing on five dimensions (integrity with self, expressing full potential, unity with others, service to others and balancing tensions), and three wellbeing outcomes (positive affect, negative affect and job stress). The authors conducted structural equation modeling, mediation analysis with PROCESS macro including bootstrapping, and dominance analysis, to identify the core relationships between OMW and SMW dimensions and three wellbeing constructs.FindingsOMW resources are largely beneficially related to SMW dimensions; both OMW and SMW resources are mostly beneficially related to wellbeing outcomes; and the overall associations of OMW with the three wellbeing constructs are partially mediated by SMW. The dominance analyses of SMW with wellbeing shows expressing full potential is the most important predictor of positive affect, and integrity with self is the most important (negatively related) predictor of negative affect and job stress.Practical implicationsOur research, in pulling apart the different dimensions of MW, shows that to enhance wellbeing, HR professionals should not just pay attention to practices that support self-transcendent MW but also those that support the self. When not balanced, MW can lead to a loss of wellbeing.Originality/valueThe findings highlight that (1) while the current MW literature places a lot of emphasis on SMW, OMW remains an important consideration, and (2) while the MW literature often focuses on self-transcendent meanings, such as making a difference, the self-oriented dimensions of SMW are more dominant toward wellbeing. This is valuable to employees, managers, and HR professionals considering how to improve MW and wellbeing.

Chronic stress experience, sleep, and physical activity: Relations with change in negative affect and acute stress response to a naturalistic stressor.

Prior research indicates that chronic stress increases allostatic load and alters individuals' affective response to stress. Recent studies have linked health-related behaviours including poor sleep and physical inactivity with elevated negative affect responses to stress. This study extends prior work to investigate chronic stress experience, sleep, and physical activity as predictors of negative affect and acute stress experience during acute, sustained naturalistic stress. Students (N = 637) were assessed during an academic semester and end-of-term final exam period. Self-report ratings of chronic stress experience, negative affect, acute stress experience, sleep, physical activity, demographics, and health were obtained. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined the extent to which chronic stress experience, sleep duration and sleep quality, habitual physical activity, and their interactions, predicted changes in negative affect and acute stress experience during final exams. Health-related behaviours were also examined as mediators between chronic stress experience and changes in negative affect and acute stress experience. Greater chronic stress experience and shorter exam period sleep duration, but not habitual sleep duration or physical activity, predicted greater increases in negative affect and acute stress experience. Poorer overall sleep quality was a significant predictor in these models and partially mediated the relation between chronic stress experience and negative affect and acute stress experience. Findings highlight the importance of chronic stress experience and sleep in predicting individuals' affective health during naturalistic stress. Interventions that reduce chronic stress experience and improve sleep may help individuals' buffer against impairments to affective health during these episodes.

How is masculinity ideology related to transprejudice in Turkey: the mediatory effect of femmephobia

ABSTRACT Prejudice towards trans women is an under-examined but a critical social problem in Turkey. Patriarchal femininity sanctions women who do not comply with the idealised female bodies and feminine norms. On the other hand, ideals of hegemonic masculinity necessitate that men avoid femininity. In that sense, prejudice against trans women ostensibly stands at the intersection of hegemonic masculinity ideology and femininities that diverge from patriarchal feminine norms. Therefore, this study examines the mediatory effect of femmephobia in the link between masculinity ideology and prejudice towards trans women as measured by negative affect and social distancing motivations. Results indicate that femmephobia significantly mediates the relationship between the endorsement of masculinity ideology and prejudice towards trans women. Among three mandates of masculinity ideology, the endorsement of the antifemininity mandate was the most solid indirect predictor of negative affect and social distance through femmephobia, followed by mandates of toughness and status, respectively. Although participant gender does not have an indirect effect on the outcome variables, it has a direct effect on men’s social distancing intentions but not on negative emotions. The results are discussed in the light of existing literature which intersects with the devaluation of femininity.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING ACROSS AGE

Higher levels of subjective well-being (SWB) are associated with myriad of positive outcomes, including better physical health. Several variables have been shown to predict SWB, including cognitive functioning. The relationship between aspects of SWB (positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) and cognition were examined in participants (N = 5, 125) between the ages of 18- 99 years from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project (VCAP). Participants completed a battery of cognitive tasks, including tests of verbal episodic memory, processing speed, reasoning, spatial visualization, and vocabulary. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling, using full information maximum likelihood estimation. In the models, the five latent cognitive constructs simultaneously predicted each of the SWB outcome variables separately. Age, education, gender, and self-rated health were included as covariates. Results show that reasoning was a significant unique predictor of negative affect (-.30), vocabulary was a significant unique predictor of positive affect (-.21), and spatial visualization was a significant unique predictor of life satisfaction (.21). Age moderation was examined by dividing the sample into three age groups (younger, middle-aged, and older). There was some evidence of age moderation. Namely, spatial visualization was a significant unique predictor of life satisfaction in the younger sample only. Reasoning and processing speed predicted negative affect in the younger group, whereas only reasoning predicted negative affect in the older group. In conclusion, in a large community-based sample spanning adulthood, there is evidence that cognition predicts aspects of SWB but there is variation across SWB outcome variables, and across age.

Work Experience and Emotional State in Caregivers of Elderly Relatives.

This study aims to investigate the influence of work experience variables on the emotional state of worker-caregivers based on stress process model. The emotional state (depression, negative and positive affect and worry-strain), caregiver and care recipient features, caregiving stressors and appraisal, and role strains/work-related variables were assessed in 83 worker-caregivers of elderly dependent relatives. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed for each of the four emotional outcome variables. Caregiving overload and positive job experience were the best predictors of depression and positive affect. The predictors of negative affect were reaction to memory and behavior problems, overload and role captivity. The predictors of worry and strain were daily hours of caregiving worries, reaction to memory and behavior problems, overload, role captivity and job-caregiving conflicts. The explained variances for the four models were 58.8%, 40.2%, 62.9% and 78.8%, respectively; the role strain contributions were 8.2%, 13.2%, 7.2% and 6%. The results indicate that the effect of perceived job experiences on caregivers' emotional status is more relevant than objective job conflicts. In addition, caregivers' emotional state is primarily related to the subjective indicators of caregiving stressors, with a lower contribution of work-related variables.

Relationship between self-esteem, emotion dysregulation and affect in borderline personality disorder

Objective: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized with emotional, cognitive, behavioral disorders, and its manifestation becomes evident in adolescence or early adulthood. According to Linehan's biosocial theory, emotion dysregulation (ED) is a core feature of BPD. Self-esteem (SE) is known to be associated with borderline symptom severity and depression in BPD. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between ED, SE and negative affect. Methods: Twenty-six patients with BPD and 26 healthy controls were included. Sociodemog-raphic data form, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were our evaluation tools. Results: No difference was found between the groups in terms of age, gender, education and marital status. The total and subscale scores of the DERS, the negative affect subscale of the PANAS (PANASn), the RSES were found to be significantly higher in BPD than healthy controls. Predictors of depression in the linear regression analysis were negative affect (PANASn), and predictors of SE (RSES) is depression. Emotion dysregulation (DERStotal) was the predictive vari-able of negative affect (PANASn). Conclusions: In our study, DDG was predictor of negative affect and it was observed that emotion dysregulation itself contributed to negative affect in addition to the innate emotional sensitivity. The predictive effect of ER on negative affect was thought to be triggered by dysregulating behavior. No relationship was found between ER and SE because of evaluating ER state and SE trait. It would be appropriate to evaluate whether DDG has an effect on self-esteem with large sample studies in the future.

Are difficulties in emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty related to negative affect in borderline personality disorder?

ObjectiveInvestigating whether intolerance of uncertainty interacts with difficulties in emotion regulation and negative affect in Italian individuals with borderline personality disorder compared to healthy controls.MethodA group of patients with borderline personality disorder (N = 48; clinical group) and a group of healthy participants (N = 48) matched on gender filled‐in self‐report measures assessing difficulties in emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, and negative affect.ResultsIndividuals in the clinical group showed higher levels of difficulties in emotion regulation (except for lack of emotional awareness), intolerance of uncertainty, and negative affect than healthy participants. Interestingly, while difficulties in emotion regulation were correlated with negative affect in both groups, significant medium‐large correlations between difficulties in emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty were observed only in the clinical group. Lastly, findings from a stepwise hierarchical multiple regression analysis conducted on the clinical group revealed that difficulties in emotion regulation were the most significant predictors of negative affect above and beyond IU.ConclusionsCurrent findings highlight that difficulties in emotion regulation can be intended as a core, high‐level process underlying borderline personality disorder and that IU might be involved—although more marginally—in predicting negative affect in this population. Future research further exploring whether and how intolerance of uncertainty and difficulties in emotion regulation interact in borderline personality disorder may inform psychological assessment and treatment.

Pain severity as a predictor of negative affect following a self-guided quit attempt: An ecological momentary assessment study

ABSTRACTBackground: Past work has documented bidirectional associations between pain and cigarette smoking behaviors such that those who smoke evidence greater pain, and those in pain tend to smoke more. However, such work has not focused on the role of pain in relation to negative affect, which plays an important role during cessation attempts. Objective: The current study evaluated pain as a predictor of negative affect as well as level of interference associated with negative affect among individuals undergoing a self-guided quit attempt. Methods: Study variables were assessed via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) during the 2 weeks following a self-guided quit attempt. Participants included 54 daily smokers (33.3% female; Mage = 34.7, SD = 13.9). Results: There were statistically significant within-person associations of pain ratings with negative affect and interference due to negative affect, such that greater pain was associated with higher levels of each dependent variable. Additionally, there was a within-person effect of smoking status (i.e., smoking vs. abstinence, measured via EMA) on negative affect, but not ratings of interference; smoking was associated with greater negative affect. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of bodily pain in relation to negative mood following a quit attempt. Clinically, the results suggest a greater focus on the experience of pain during quit attempts may be warranted.

The role of unhelpful metacognitive beliefs in psychosis: Relationships with positive symptoms and negative affect.

The Self-Regulatory Executive Function (s-REF) model assumes that a common set of unhelpful metacognitive beliefs have a central role in predisposition to psychological disorder and the maintenance of symptoms and distress. This research aims to test whether the five unhelpful metacognitive beliefs implicated in the model are associated with positive symptoms of psychosis and whether they are a better predictor of negative affect than topological characteristics of positive symptoms. A sample of people with psychosis completed a semi-structured interview about psychotic symptoms and self-report measures of metacognitive beliefs (MCQ-30), anxiety and depression. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses suggested that unhelpful metacognitive beliefs predict negative affect in people with psychosis over and above symptom frequency and other topological characteristics of symptoms captured by the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale (PSYRATS). The findings support the application of the metacognitive model to emotional distress in people with psychosis.

Strafing, Spats, and Skirmishes: Social Dynamics of Negative Campaigning on Twitter

What drives candidates to “go negative” and — in the case of multiple candidates — against whom? Using a unique dataset consisting of all tweets made by the seventeen Republican presidential candidates in the 2016 contest, we assess predictors of negative affect in online interactions with other candidates. Twitter is a free platform, and candidates therefore face no resource limitations when using Twitter; this makes Twitter a wellspring of information about the sort of campaigning candidates might do given unlimited resources. We find that tweet negativity within the network increases as the election approaches. In virtually none of the candidate pairs characterized by asymmetric negativity are attacks waged by a higher-status on a lower-status candidate. We also find support for the idea that tightening competition leads to increased negativity among all candidates (even and especially among frontrunners). Finally, we demonstrate that overall inter-candidate tweeting intensifies as the field narrows, with tweets per dyad per week increasing by orders of magnitude at each stage of the race.

THE ROLE OF DIMENSIONS OF IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT AND FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY IN PREDICTING SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF MEDICAL STUDENTS

Background and Objectives: Mental health and sense of wellbeing has-been the subject of many investigations. Identification and classification of mental health components as well as factors affecting them lead to better understanding of mental health and sense of wellbeing . This study aimed to investigate subjective wellbeing based on the five factors of personality and dimensions of identity development. Materials and methods : The correlational research method was used in this study. 200 students were selected from Semnan Medical University through cluster random sampling method. Neo questionnaire, dimensions of identity development questionnaire (DIDS) and subjective wellbeing questionnaire were used to collect data. Multivariate regression analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), and univariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used for data analysis. Findings: exploration in depth as a component of identity development, significantly predicted the positive affect. Exploration in depth and conscientiousness also predicted positive affect. There was no significant association between ruminative exploration and the negative affect. Among the five factors of personality, conscientiousness and extraversion significantly predicted positive affect while neuroticism was a significant predictor of negative affect. Conclusion: Exploration in depth and conscientiousness as the most important components of identity development were very effective in enhancing the subjective well-being. Conscientiousness and extroversion as the main components of personality also increased subjective wellbeing. Neuroticism was regarded as a threat to the subjective wellbeing.

Relationships among higher-order strengths factors, subjective well-being, and general self-efficacy – The case of Israeli adolescents

We investigated relationships among five higher-order strengths factors, subjective well-being, and general self-efficacy in participants that live under challenging conditions. Therefore, a sample of 396 Israeli adolescents (aged 13–18years) completed the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Affect Balance Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. An orthogonally rotated principal component analysis of the 24 character strengths yielded five strengths factors that explained 32% of the variance in life satisfaction, with the transcendence strengths factor as the most substantial predictor. The strongest predictors of positive affect were the transcendence and leadership strengths factors; the best predictors of negative affect were the transcendence and temperance strengths factors; and the strongest predictor of affect balance was the transcendence strengths factor. The five strengths factors explained 46% of the variance in general self-efficacy, with the leadership strengths factor as the most substantial predictor. Further analysis indicated that general self-efficacy mediated the relationship between leadership strengths and global life satisfaction. The results suggest that different strengths factors are relevant for different positive experiences (e.g., life satisfaction, self-efficacy beliefs). The findings shed light on the contribution of specific character strengths as a meaningful resource under stressful conditions.

Relationship between Defenses, Personality, and Affect During a Stress Task in Normal Adolescents

Although there are extensive data on the relationship between personality and stress reactivity in adults, there is little comparable empirical research with adolescents. This study examines the simultaneous relationships between long term functioning (personality, defenses) and observed stress reactivity (affect) in adolescents. High school students (N = 169; mean age 16; 73 girls) were asked to participate in two conditions of the Stress Induced Speech Task (SIST): Free Association and Stressful Situation. Immature and mature defenses, distress and restraint personality dimensions, and negative and positive affect were examined. Greater reported use of immature defenses was significantly associated with negative affect, whereas greater reported use of mature defenses was significantly associated with greater positive affect. Although personality style was also a significant predictor of negative affect across two out of three conditions, defenses were better overall predictors of affect than were personality dimensions. Gender was also a significant predictor of negative affect, wherein girls reported more negative affect than boys. Defenses and personality style predict affective response during a moderately stressful task. Immature defenses and, to a lesser extent, the distress personality dimension predict mobilization of negative affect, whereas mature defenses predict the reporting of positive affect. These results relate to processes central to psychotherapy: defensive responding, personality style, and affective reactivity during the recounting of stressful events.

Ceremonies of the whole

The aim of this research was to test whether social participation is associated with improvements in mood and well-being, and in particular to test whether social participation might moderate the chronic distress associated with high levels of neuroticism (N). A rural Australian sample of 394 adults (54.3% female) completed questionnaires and participated in follow-up interviews. Social participation was indexed by community group membership, and operationalised for analysis in two forms: extent (number of group memberships) and presence (zero vs. one or more memberships). Mood was measured as Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) as rated on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and well-being was measured with Diener's Satisfaction with Life (SWL) questionnaire. Items from Goldberg's International Personality Item Pool were used to measure N. The extent of social participation was significantly associated with all three mood/well-being variables in bivariate analyses, and remained as a significant net predictor of PA and NA (beta = 0.11, P < 0.05, beta = -0.13, P < 0.05) when modeled with age, gender and income. In parallel, categorical social participation was found to be significantly associated with PA, NA and SWL in bivariate analyses and in multivariate analyses controlling for age, gender and income (beta = 0.11, P < 0.05, beta = -0.15, P < 0.01 and beta = 0.11, P < 0.05, respectively). The interaction term N*Social interaction was significantly correlated with NA in bivariate analyses involving both continuous (r = -0.14, P < 0.01) and categorical (r = -0.13, P < 0.01) measures of social participation, and in its continuous form remained a significant net predictor of NA after controlling for the main effects of N and Social participation (beta = -0.09, P < 0.05). The present findings extend upon existing evidence that social participation tends to be positively associated with mental health by demonstrating the predicted effect across a comprehensive set of mood/well-being variables. Preliminary evidence was also obtained that social participation may serve as a moderator of the chronic distress associated with N. It is concluded that further research seeking to confirm the causal direction of the identified pathways is warranted.

Social support as a moderator of the relationship between religious participation and psychological distress in a sample of community dwelling older adults

This study investigated relationships among religious participation, social support, and psychological distress within a sample of older adults while controlling for the influence of significant demographic variables. Community-dwelling older adults between the ages of 65 and 90 (n = 115) completed a packet of instruments including the Negative Affect Scale of the PANAS, the Social Provisions Scale (SPS) and a tailored survey that included questions regarding religious participation and demographic variables. Correlational and multiple regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of negative affect. Results indicated that religious participation continued to predict negative affect with the effect of demographic variables statistically controlled for. Subjective social support was also found to moderate the relationship between religious participation and psychological distress. Religious participation appears to be more important regarding alleviating distress for those elderly low in social support compared with those high in social support. Religious participation may thus occupy an important position with regards to factors that manage psychological distress among elderly individuals, particularly for those low in social support.

Predictors of negative affect at 5–6 years after heart transplantation

Predictors of negative affect at 5–6 years after heart transplantation

Relations Among Social Support, Coping, and Negative Affect in Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Cancer Patients

This study examined the effects of three sources of perceived social support and four coping strategies on measures of negative affect among 44 hospitalized and nonhospitalized women with breast or gynecological cancer undergoing radiation therapy. The results showed different patterns of relations between the variables in the two groups of patients. Among hospitalized patients, support from medical staff and family and problem-oriented coping were the most significant predictors of negative affect. Among nonhospitalized patients, the most significant predictors of negative affect were family support, physical isolation/suppression of emotions, and avoidance coping. The results concerning the relationship between social support and coping strategies among hospitalized patients showed that support from medical staff was a positive predictor of problem-oriented coping, whereas friends' support was a negative predictor of physical isolation/suppression of emotions among nonhospitalized patients. Although the hypothesis of social support as coping assistance was confirmed to some extent, the results suggest that social support does not exert its effects of reducing negative affect predominantly through coping strategies; its effects are direct. Because of the different patterns of relations stemming from the different situational demands of the two social settings, the authors propose two different models that emphasize the importance of accounting for the different settings when examining stress and the coping process.