Predictor Of Insulin Resistance Research Articles

Discovery and validation of plasma, saliva and multi-fluid plasma-saliva metabolomic scores predicting insulin resistance and diabetes progression or regression among Puerto Rican adults.

Many studies have examined the relationship between plasma metabolites and type 2 diabetes progression, but few have explored saliva and multi-fluid metabolites. We used LC/MS to measure plasma (n=1051) and saliva (n=635) metabolites among Puerto Rican adults from the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study. We used elastic net regression to identify plasma, saliva and multi-fluid plasma-saliva metabolomic scores predicting baseline HOMA-IR in a training set (n=509) and validated these scores in a testing set (n=340). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs for the association of baseline metabolomic scores predicting insulin resistance with incident type 2 diabetes (n=54) and prediabetes (characterised by impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose and/or high HbA1c) (n=130) at 3 years, along with regression from prediabetes to normoglycaemia (n=122), adjusting for traditional diabetes-related risk factors. Plasma, saliva and multi-fluid plasma-saliva metabolomic scores predicting insulin resistance included highly weighted metabolites from fructose, tyrosine, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Each SD increase in the plasma (HR 1.99 [95% CI 1.18, 3.38]; p=0.01) and multi-fluid (1.80 [1.06, 3.07]; p=0.03) metabolomic scores was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The saliva metabolomic score was associated with incident prediabetes (1.48 [1.17, 1.86]; p=0.001). All three metabolomic scores were significantly associated with lower likelihood of regressing from prediabetes to normoglycaemia in models adjusting for adiposity (HRs 0.72 for plasma, 0.78 for saliva and 0.72 for multi-fluid), but associations were attenuated when adjusting for lipid and glycaemic measures. The plasma metabolomic score predicting insulin resistance was more strongly associated with incident type 2 diabetes than the saliva metabolomic score. Only the saliva metabolomic score was associated with incident prediabetes.

Assessing the use of body measurements to predict insulin resistance in a South African community

Assessing the use of body measurements to predict insulin resistance in a South African community

The Expression of MAFB Gene in Circulating Monocytes Is Related to Chronic Inflammatory Status in T2DM Patients.

Immune cell-mediated chronic inflammation is one of the causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, identifying inflammatory markers in circulating immune cells is highly important for predicting insulin resistance (IR) and the occurrence of T2DM. In this study, we discovered that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from T2DM patients were associated with innate immunity and chronic inflammatory responses through bulk transcriptome sequencing (bulk RNA-seq). Gene integration analysis revealed that nine DEGs were upregulated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MAFB), a candidate biomarker, has a certain predictive value for T2DM. In population-based cohort studies, we found that MAFB expression was significantly upregulated in the PBMCs of T2DM patients and was significantly correlated with homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), adiponectin (Adipoq), etc. We further evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of MAFB and other clinical parameters for predicting and diagnosing T2DM and found that MAFB expression in PBMCs had a positive effect on the prediction and diagnosis of T2DM. Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed that the increase in MAFB expression was mainly in nonclassical monocytes. Our results suggest that increased MAFB expression in circulating monocytes may mediate chronic inflammatory status in patients with T2DM. Therefore, MAFB gene expression in circulating monocytes has certain clinical significance for predicting and assisting in the diagnosis of T2DM.

Value of serum osteoprotegerin in the assessment of endothelial dysfunction in obesity

ObjectiveOsteoprotegerin is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The study aimed to assess serum osteoprotegerin and endothelial dysfunction relationship in obese non-diabetic subjects. Elucidating the association linking serum osteoprotegerin level to obesity and insulin resistance.Materials and methodsSixty obese non-diabetic subjects attending the outpatient endocrine clinic were compared with 20 controls. All subjects went through history taking, clinical examination, and anthropometric measuring. Laboratory tests included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, and serum osteoprotegerin level—assessment of endothelial dysfunction measured by carotid intimal thickening and flow meter dilatation.ResultsObese subjects had significantly higher rates of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia compared with controls (P = 0.017 and 0.002, respectively). Serum osteoprotegerin levels were significantly lower in obese subjects compared with controls (P = 0.011). In obese subjects, there was a significant positive correlation between osteoprotegerin and HOMA-IR (r = 0.272; P = 0.035), whereas there was no significant correlation between OPG and endothelial dysfunction.ConclusionThe study showed that osteoprotegerin significantly decreased in obese non-diabetic individuals in comparison with control subjects. A significant positive correlation between osteoprotegerin and HOMA-IR has been reported in obese non-diabetic subjects. OPG can be considered a serum biomarker to predict insulin resistance in obese individuals.

Triglyceride glucose-body mass index as a novel predictor of slow coronary flow phenomenon in patients with ischemia and nonobstructive coronary arteries (INOCA)

BackgroundThe triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI index) has been suggested as a novel predictor of insulin resistance. However, its predictive value for slow coronary flow phenomenon (SCFP) in patients with ischemia and nonobstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) remains unclear.MethodsWe consecutively recruited 1625 patients with INOCA from February 2019 to February 2023 and divided them into two groups based on thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame counts (TFCs): the SCFP group (n = 79) and the control group. A 1:2 age-matched case–control study was then performed. The TyG-BMI index was calculated as ln [plasma triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2] × BMI.ResultsTyG-BMI index in the SCFP group (218.3 ± 25.2 vs 201.0 ± 26.5, P < .001) was significantly higher than in the normal controls. TyG-BMI index also increased with the number of coronary arteries involved in the SCFP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TyG-BMI, BMI, and TG were independent predictors for SCFP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that when the TyG-BMI index was above 206.7, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.6% and 68.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.809 (95% CI: 0.756–0.863, P = .027). Combined BMI with TG, the TyG-BMI index had a better predictive value for SCFP than BMI and TG (P < .001).ConclusionThe TyG-BMI index was an independent predictor for SCFP in INOCA patients, and it had a better predictive value than BMI and TG.

Retracted: The Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) Are Predictors of Insulin Resistance and Hyperandrogenaemia in Obesity/Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2023/1508675.].

Effectiveness of the ALT/AST ratio for predicting insulin resistance in a Korean population: A large-scale, cross-sectional cohort study.

Insulin resistance is a common pathophysiology in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Thus, screening for the risk of insulin resistance is important to prevent disease progression. We evaluated the alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) ratio to predict insulin resistance in the general population, regardless of comorbidities. Datasets from the 2015, 2019, and 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used, and the following four indices were implemented to indicate insulin resistance: fasting serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and β-cell function. We analyzed the degree of association between the liver enzyme profile and insulin resistance indices using Pearson's correlation coefficient and determined the associations using linear or logistic regression analysis. Accordingly, ALT levels in both sexes were positively and consistently correlated with the four aforementioned insulin resistance indices in stratification analyses based on diabetes, dyslipidemia, alcohol consumption, and obesity status. In multivariate linear regression, when comparing with ALT levels, the ALT/AST ratio exhibited superior predictive performance for fasting serum glucose and HOMA-β in Korean men and improved outcomes for all insulin resistance indices in Korean women. In this analysis that included a large community-based population, the ALT/AST ratio was a more useful predictive marker than the HOMA-IR. Regarding the predicted presence or absence of insulin resistance, the ALT/AST ratio could better predict HOMA-IR than the ALT level alone in Koreans. A simple, precise marker that represents the ALT/AST ratio could be a practical method to screen for insulin resistance in the general population, regardless of diabetes mellitus, alcohol intake, and sex.

A comparative study that investigates diagnostic value of new predictors of insulin resistance in identifying glucose metabolism disturbance

A comparative study that investigates diagnostic value of new predictors of insulin resistance in identifying glucose metabolism disturbance

TG/HDL-C Ratio for Predicting Insulin Resistance in Obese Children from Beijing, China

Background:: International studies have found that the blood triglycerides to highdensity lipoproteins (TG/HDL-C) ratio predicted insulin resistance in children with overweight and obesity. However, there is a lack of such reports on children from China. Objective:: The objective of this study is to explore the ability of the TG/HDL-C ratio as a blood biomarker for insulin resistance (IR) in obese children in Beijing. Methods:: We evaluated 262 children with obesity from our paediatric outpatient clinic in a cross-sectional study. Detailed medical histories of all children were ascertained, as were clinical examination and laboratory test results, including blood lipids, fasting glucose, insulin, and glycated haemoglobin. We divided them into age groups of 6-9 and 10-13.5 years and then into IR and non-IR groups based on the homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR). Analysis was accomplished with SPSS software (version 22.0). Results:: The TG/HDL-C ratio was higher in children with IR in the 6-9 and 10-13.5-year age groups (p &lt; 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses displayed that the TG/HDL-C ratio and HOMA-IR were correlated in the 6-9 and 10-13.5-year-old groups (p &lt; 0.001). In the 6-9-yearold group, IR identified by a TG/HDL-C ratio ≥ 0.645 had a sensitivity, specificity, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 79.1%, 60.9%, and 0.734, respectively. In the 10–13.5-year-old group, IR identified by a TG/HDL-C ratio ≥ 0.725 had a sensitivity, specificity, and an AUC of 79.4%, 62.9%, and 0.724, respectively. Conclusion:: We showed the application of the TG/HDL-C ratio to predict insulin resistance in obese children in Beijing with different diagnostic thresholds based on age (6-9-year-old group with TG/HDL-C ≥ 0.645; 10–13.5-year-old group with TG/HDL-C ≥ 0.725), which were lower compared with the diagnostic threshold for insulin resistance in children reported in other countries.

Correlation Between Abdominal Fat Distribution and Serum Uric Acid in Patients Recently Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes.

To investigated the link between the distribution of abdominal fat and the concentration of serum uric acid (SUA) in individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Studied 364 individuals had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within one month, and evaluated factors such as the distribution of fat in the abdomen, indicators related to glucose and lipid metabolism. The participants' SUA concentrations were divided into a normal control group (CG) and a hyperuricemia group (HG). The HG group had elevated abdominal subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat content (VFA), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PBG), glycosylated albumin (GA), serum creatinine (SCr), triacylglycerol (TG), and lower values in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when compared to the CG group (P < 0.05). Among the obese individuals, the hyperuricemia subgroup exhibited higher measurements in waistline, hipline, VFA, SFA, BMI, PBG, SCr, TG, and lower HDL-C (P < 0.05) compared to the subgroup with normal uric acid levels. In the non-obese group, the hyperuricemia subgroup showed higher VFA, SCr, and FBG levels, and lower HDL-C (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between VFA and serum uric acid (SUA) levels (r = 0.329, P < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis indicated a 24% increased risk of hyperuricemia with every 10cm2 increase in abdominal VFA. Generate the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that VFA was the most effective predictor of hyperuricemia and insulin resistance (P < 0.05). Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients exhibit a strong correlation between abdominal visceral fat and SUA concentration, the former is identified as an autonomous risk factor for hyperuricemia and an effective indicator for assessing the presence of hyperuricemia and predicting insulin resistance.

Prediction and Validation of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Using Insulin Resistance-Related Indices in the Japanese Population.

Background: Recently, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which is based on evidence of hepatic steatosis and any of the following three conditions: overweight/obesity, presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, or evidence of metabolic dysregulation, has been proposed. It is uncertain how indices that predict insulin resistance (IR) are associated with MAFLD. Methods: Among subjects who had undergone health examinations at our hospital, 1,257 (787 men and 474 women) who underwent fatty liver evaluation, were included in this cross-sectional study. The discriminatory ability of each index for MAFLD was tested using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The associations between the homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and MAFLD were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean age and body mass index of MAFLD subjects were 58.1 years and 26.0 kg/m2 in men and 63.0 years and 26.1 kg/m2 in women, respectively. The cutoff values of HOMA-IR, TG/HDL-C ratio, and TyG index in men and women were 1.40 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.81) and 1.90 (AUC: 0.88); 1.56 (AUC: 0.75) and 1.06 (AUC: 0.78); and 8.62 (AUC: 0.75) and 8.45 (AUC: 0.80), respectively. All indices were significantly higher in both men and women with MAFLD. In the multivariate models, the odds of MAFLD were higher among both men and women in the highest tertile than those in the lowest tertile. When subjects were divided by sex, presence of MAFLD, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values, all indices were significantly higher in both men and women with high ALT levels who were diagnosed with MAFLD. Conclusion: IR strongly correlated with MAFLD, particularly in subjects with high ALT levels.

FRI590 Predictors Of Metabolically (Un)Healthy Obesity In Children

Abstract Disclosure: L. Van der Veken: None. X. Chestermann: None. K. Casteels: None. J. Helsen: None. A.M. Rochtus: None. Childhood obesity is a growing problem worldwide and can lead to type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and carotid-artery atherosclerosis. This is known as “metabolically unhealthy obesity” (MUO). However, a subgroup of children who are obese have been described as “metabolically healthy” (MHO) due to the absence of these cardiometabolic risk factors. The current definition of MHO only includes cardiometabolic criteria (MHO-CR) such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and a measure of fasting plasma glucose. The aim of this review is to compare the current definition based on cardiometabolic risk factors with a definition that includes insulin resistance (MHO-IR). We investigated the differences between these definitions in terms of prevalence, characteristics, predictors, and the recommended way of measuring insulin and its respective cut-off value. We searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for studies on prevalence and predictors of insulin resistance in pediatric MHO. The prevalence of MHO-CR, MHO-IR, MUO-CR, MUO-IR and MHO, based on combined criteria from both MHO-CR and MHO-IR, were compared and the mean-values for each group were calculated. A meta-analysis study was designed to investigate the characteristics of MHO-CR and MHO-IR. Summary effects were calculated using random effects models. The standardized mean differences (SMD) are presented together with their confidence intervals (5% significance level). The recommended way of measuring insulin resistance was investigated by a frequency-based representation of used units and cut-off values in the included studies. Eight full text articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Out of 4036 participants, the mean prevalence of different groups was MHO-CR (35%), MHO-IR (44%), MUO-CR (61%) and MUO-IR (56%). After combining the cardiometabolic criteria with the factor insulin resistance, prevalence of MHO and MUO were respectively 11% and 54%. The characteristics found to be significantly different between MHO-CR and MHO-IR were fasting insulin [SMD 1.7406; CI (0.0198-3.4614); P=0.0481] and HOMA-IR [SMD 0.7202; CI (0.4414-0.9989); P=0.0007]. HOMA-IR was also significantly higher in MUO-IR than MUO-CR [SMD -0.3940; CI (-0.7471- -0.0409); P=0.0342]. Several predictors for MHO-CR and MHO-IR were defined. The most frequently used unit and cut-off value of MHO was HOMA-IR&amp;lt;3.16.The implementation of insulin resistance in the definition of pediatric MHO could provide a stricter way of categorizing patients as MHO and MUO, and allow earlier treatment interventions. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

THU314 Diagnosis Performance Of Insulin Surrogate Indices For Predicting Insulin Resistance In Young Men Defining As Reference The Matsuda Index - An Exploratory Case-Control Study Conducted In Latin America Population

Abstract Disclosure: V.M. Soriano: None. C. Espinel Pachon: None. Diagnosis performance of insulin surrogate indices for predicting insulin resistance in young men defining as reference the Matsuda index – An exploratory case-control study conducted in Latin America population Víctor Antonio Malagón – Soriano1, Álvaro Javier Burgos – Cárdenas1, Maria Fernanda Garcés2, Cristian Felipe Espinel – Pachon1, Roberto Franco – Vega3, Jorge Andres Rubio – Romero4, Sofia Alexandra Caminos – Cepeda5, Ezequiel Lacunza6, Ariel Iván Ruiz – Parra4, Jorge Eduardo Caminos2 1Department of Internal Medicine, 2Department of Physiology, 3Endocrinology Unit - Department of Internal Medicine, 4Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia. 5School of Medicine, Universidad Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona 08002, Spain.6Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina. Correspondence: Jorge Eduardo Caminos, MSc. PhD., Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Edificio 471 Oficina 406, Bogotá, Colombia, E-mail: jecaminosp@unal.edu.coRunning title: Diagnosis performance of Insulin Surrogate Indices using as reference the Matsuda index. Key words: Insulin surrogate indices, diagnosis performance, Matsuda index, healthy and insulin resistant young men Abstract Insulin plays an essential role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. Changes in insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, liver and muscle occur in the course of different metabolic disorders, and have been proposed to be a potential contributor to obesity and type 2 diabetes. The euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique is the gold standard approach for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans, with the disadvantages of being expensive, labor intensive, and time consuming. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the diagnosis performance of insulin surrogate indices using as reference the Matsuda index, in healthy and insulin resistant young men in Latin America population. Thus, the current cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy (n=48) and insulin resistant (n=45) young adult men (18–31 year old) using the Matsuda index cut-off value as reference to determine insulin sensitivity/resistance. Receivers operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to determine the cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity values for QUICKI, HOMA-IR, TG/HDL-C, TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-BMI, LAP and VAI. TyG-WC (AUC=1.0) and TyG-BMI (AUC=1.0) indices showed the highest diagnostic performance with high sensitivity and specificity to predict insulin resistance in young men. In addition, TyG-BMI index showed a statistically significant stronger correlation with waist circumference (WC), when compared with HOMA-IR, Matsuda and QUICKY indices. In conclusion, we were able to diagnose insulin resistance with high sensitivity and specificity in young individuals -supposedly metabolically healthy- who do not meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome diagnosis, using widely available, low-cost, and reliable surrogate indices. Additionally, the TyG-WC and TyG-BMI indices were the better predictors of insulin resistance. The cut-off values used to define insulin resistance in our Latin America population studied were similar to recent studies in the United States population, despite clinical and racial/ethnic differences. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

Neck Circumference as a Predictor of Insulin Resistance in People with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Insulin resistance is common in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Because insulin resistance is a predictive factor for advanced liver diseases in people with NAFLD, efforts have been made to predict it through anthropometric variables. Recently, neck circumference (NC) has been regarded as a reliable alternative marker for metabolic disorders. This study verified the association between NC and insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD. We analyzed data from 847 people with NAFLD who participated in the 2019 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NAFLD was defined by a hepatic steatosis index score of ≥36 points, and insulin resistance was defined by a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance score of ≥2.5 points. Participants were divided according to sex-specific NC tertiles (T1, lowest; T2, middle; T3, highest). In the analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), NC displayed a greater predictive power than body mass index (BMI) for insulin resistance in women (AUC of NC=0.625 vs. AUC of BMI=0.573, P=0.035). NC and the odds ratio (OR) for insulin resistance showed a cubic relationship in both men and women. In the weighted multiple logistic regression analysis, the ORs with 95% confidence intervals for insulin resistance in people with NAFLD in T2 and T3 compared to the reference tertile (T1) were 1.06 (0.47-2.41) and 1.13 (0.41-3.11), respectively, in men and 1.12 (0.64-1.97) and 2.54 (1.19-5.39), respectively, in women, after adjusting for confounding factors. NC was positively correlated with insulin resistance in women with NAFLD.

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin is an Independent Predictor for Insulin Resistance in Male Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type2 Diabetes Mellitus.

This study explored the correlation between sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin resistance in male patients with newly diagnosed type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 48 male patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were enrolled in this study between March 2022 and December 2022. Clinical characteristics, sex hormones, and SHBG levels were collected. All enrolled subjects received intensive hypoglycemic treatment with insulin pump for 1week to achieve glycemic control, then the steady-state glucose infusion rate (GIR), an indicator of insulin sensitivity, was determined by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the association of clinical characteristics, sex hormones, and SHBG with insulin sensitivity. The optimal cutoff value to predict insulin resistance was calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. According to the GIR cut-point value of 5.700mg/(kgmin), there were 40 patients with insulin resistance (IR group) and 8 patients without (non-IR group). The IR group exhibited lower testosterone and SHBG levels than the non-IR group (all p < 0.050). Correlation analysis showed that insulin sensitivity was positively associated with testosterone and SHBG, while negatively associated with body mass index, fasting blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and apolipoproteinB (all p < 0.050). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that SHBG is an independent predictor for insulin resistance (p = 0.029). Further ROC curve analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff value of SHBG to predict insulin resistance is 17.200nmol/L, with the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) being 0.813 and 0.691-0.934. SHBG is an independent predictor for insulin resistance in male patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. KY20220314-01.

1606-P: Tg/HDL Ratio and Liver Fibrosis in Diabetic Patients at an Indian Tertiary Care Center

Introduction: According to the most recent International Diabetes Federation (IDF) atlas, there are 537 million persons worldwide who have diabetes. Indians had increased central adiposity and insulin resistance. Diabetes patients are more likely to develop Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) due to high insulin resistance. An increasingly sensitive indicator of insulin resistance is the TG/HDL ratio. Measuring liver stiffness helps diabetics predict progressive fibrosis. The current investigation uses fibro scans to evaluate the TG/HDL ratio and liver stiffness in diabetic patients. Methods: After receiving consent, 181 newly diagnosed diabetics underwent fibro scans to measure their liver stiffness. Participants who had already had thiazolidinedione treatment or lipid-lowering therapy were disqualified from the study. Results: The median stiffness ranged from 2.3 kpa to 34.8 kpa (8.0 kpa), and the median TG/HDL ratio ranged from 0.5 to 29.3 (4.5). The connection between the median stiffness and the TG/HDL ratio was 0.2. Further, 26.5% of participants (Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) &amp;gt; 9.1), 23.7% of subjects who were men, and 30% of subjects who were women, showed advanced fibrosis. Both men and women with LSM &amp;gt; 9.1 had high TG/HDL ratios, with a mean of 4.9 in the former group and 4.9 in the latter. These numbers were significantly higher than the TG/HDL cut-offs for predicting insulin resistance, which were 0.9 and 1.2 for females and males, respectively. Conclusion: TG/HDL ratio and NAFLD have previously been linked utilising ultrasonography in nondiabetic persons. The more precise and sensitive method for NAFLD screening is the fibro scan. Liver fibrosis is predicted by median stiffness. In the index research, there is a high incidence of advanced fibrosis, which is associated with the TG/HDL ratio. The TG/HDL ratio was high in all of the male and female individuals with advanced fibrosis. Disclosure A. Chandra: None. J. Dinkar: None. R. Ranjan: None.

Association between Muscle Mass, Body Fat Mass, and Abdominal Circumstances with Insulin Resistance among Young Adult Population with Prediabetes Risk

Prediabetesis is associated with an increase in plasma insulin concentration due to a decrease in insulin sensitivity in insulin target organs. Central obesity is a risk factor for prediabetes. To determine the relationship between muscle mass, body fat mass, and abdominal circumference with insulin resistance. The study was involving 50 young adult subjects aged 15-35 years, 50 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Muscle mass and body fat mass were measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Abdominal circumference was measured using a tapemeter. Hours of sleep were measured using a questionnaire, while physical activity was measured based on the IPAQ-short form. Insulin resistances were measured using HOMA-IR score. Data were analyzed using spearman correlation. The correlation between abdominal circumference using two kinds of measurement and HOMA IR was found in all subjects (r = 0.691 and r 0.659; p = 0.000). After being analyzed separately by gender, it was found that there are positive correlation between body fat mass and HOMA-IR (male r = 0.672 p 0.001 female r = 0.582 p 0.001). There were a negative correlation between skeletal muscle mass and HOMA-IR (male r= -0.653 p 0.002, female r= -0.424, p 0.019), but there was no relationship between physical activity and sleep hours with insulin resistance. There is a relationship between skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, and abdominal circumference on insulin resistance regardless of gender. Further study is needed to determine the cutoff point of HOMA-IR as the predictor of insulin resistance.

Triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio as a predictor for insulin resistance in a sample of healthy Iraqi adults.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a common pathophysiological condition associated with many metabolic diseases, including obesity, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease. The widely used homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) is usually used to estimate IR. However, this model cannot be used for screening IR due to several logistic difficulties, such as costs and insulin instability, which are essential for measurement. Thus, finding feasible alternatives is of paramount importance. This study aimed to evaluate the value of triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio in predicting IR in healthy adult individuals. The study involved 83 euglycemic non-diabetic adults (≥45 years old). Lipid profile, fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin were measured for all participants. The TG/HDL-c ratio was calculated by dividing TG by HDL. Insulin resistance was calculated using the HOMA-IR formula. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of the TG/HDL-c ratio. The prevalence of IR among healthy adult Iraqis was 28.92%. Subjects in the IR group showed a higher TG/HDL ratio than the insulin-sensitive group (3.69±0.68 versus 2.71±1.0) with a significant difference. The area under the curve (AUC) for this ratio was 0.849, 95% CI= 0.763-0.935, p<0.002. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 83% and 81%, respectively, at a best cut-off value of 3.1 (TG/HDL ratio). The prevalence of IR among healthy adult Iraqis was 28.92%. Triglyceride/HDL-c ratio had a very good predictive value for IR.

A New Predictor for Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: InsuTAG

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age. PCOS leads to metabolic dysfunction such as dyslipidemia, obesity, and glucose intolerance based on hyperandrogenemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dysregulated adipokine secretion. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a new marker, InsuTAG (fasting insulin×fasting triglycerides) could predict insulin resistance (IR) in patients of PCOS. Methods: In this study, retrospective data of 300 female patients diagnosed with PCOS were analyzed. The relationship between InsuTAG and HOMA-IR, TyG, and TG/HDL-C scores related to insulin resistance was evaluated. In addition, the distribution of the cases according to the cut-off values was determined. Results: Log-transformed forms of InsuTAG and HOMA-IR, TyG and TG/HDL-C results were positively correlated, respectively. (r = 0.85, p &lt; 0.001; r = 0.78, p &lt; 0.001; r = 0.72, p &lt; 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values for InsuTAG were calculated as 85%, 85%, 82% and 88%, respectively. Conclusions: This study is the first to compare the InsuTAG, another predictor of insulin resistance, with other IR markers in women with PCOS. InsuTAG is a novel biomarker based on plasma sampling of insulin and triglyceride, with minimally invasive, inexpensive and orientally accessible features.

Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker Linking Dietary Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Italy

Dietary lipids are pivotal in modulating metabolic inflammation. Among the inflammatory mediators characterizing metabolic inflammation, interleukin 18 (IL-18) has been consistently associated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aims to evaluate whether the quality of lipid intake impacts upon IL-18 plasma levels and the implications on insulin resistance computed by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Using a cross-sectional design, this study confirmed that IL-18 correlated positively with insulin resistance and individuals with a HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 displayed higher circulating IL-18 levels compared with their insulin-sensitive counterparts. In terms of the effect of the quality of dietary lipids on IL-18 circulating levels, the ratio between monounsaturated, omega-3, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids as well as the intake of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids correlated negatively with IL-18. Despite this, IL-18 circulating levels, but not dietary fatty acid quality, predicted insulin resistance. Nevertheless, the ratio between omega 3 and saturated fatty acids was a predictor of IL-18 plasma levels. Thus, the downregulation of IL-18 may underpin, at least partially, the beneficial metabolic effects of substituting omega 3 for saturated fatty acids with this cytokine potentially representing a biomarker linking dietary lipids and metabolic outcomes.