Predictor Of Injury Occurrence Research Articles

Risk Factors for Initial and Subsequent Core or Lower Extremity Sprain or Strain Among Collegiate Football Players.

Exposure to game conditions and previous injury are known to increase the risk of injury, but little available evidence pertains to modifiable factors that may mediate dynamic control of body segments, such as core muscle endurance and neurocognitive capabilities. To identify potentially modifiable factors associated with the occurrence of a core or lower extremity sprain or strain during participation in football. Prospective cohort study. National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Bowl Subdivision football program. All team members who participated for the duration of 1 season or both of 2 consecutive seasons (n = 142). Predictors of injury occurrence were derived from analysis of preparticipation data that included the results of front plank hold (FPH) and neurocognitive tests. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to establish binary classifications of injury risk. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to build multivariable injury-prediction models for optimal discriminatory power. Exceptionally good discrimination between injured and noninjured participants was provided by models that included the results of the FPH and ImPACT neurocognitive tests. A high level of exposure to game conditions and injury during the preceding year magnified the effects of other risk factors. A model for identifying players with an elevated risk for injury occurrence during both of 2 consecutive seasons included FPH ≤120 seconds, verbal memory score ≤87, composite reaction time ≥560 milliseconds, and starter status. Having ≥2 of the 4 risk factors demonstrated 44% sensitivity and 91% specificity, with an odds ratio = 8.40. Core muscle endurance and neurocognitive processes may both play important roles in generating anticipatory muscle stiffness during participation in collegiate football. These factors may be particularly important for players who sustained an injury during the previous year and those who have a high level of game exposure.

Injury Occurrence and Return to Dance in Professional Ballet: Prospective Analysis of Specific Correlates.

Professional ballet is a highly challenging art, but studies have rarely examined factors associated with injury status in ballet professionals. This study aimed to prospectively examine gender-specific correlates of injury occurrence and time-off from injury in professional ballet dancers over a one-year period. The participants were 99 professional ballet dancers (41 males and 58 females). Variables included: (i) predictors: sociodemographic data (age, educational status), ballet-related factors (i.e., experience in ballet, ballet status), cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and consumption of illicit drugs; and (ii) outcomes: injury occurrence and time-off from injury. Participants were questioned on predictors at the beginning of the season, while data on outcomes were collected continuously once per month over the study period. Dancers reported total of 196 injuries (1.9 injuries (95% CI: 1.6–2.3) per dancer in average), corresponding to 1.4 injuries per 1000 dance-hours (95% CI: 1.1–1.7). In females, cigarette smoking was a predictor of injury occurrence in females (OR: 4.33, 95% CI: 1.05–17.85). Alcohol drinking was a risk factor for absence from dance in females (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01–4.21) and males (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–3.41). Less experienced dancers were more absent from dance as a result of injury than their more experienced peers (Mann-Whitney Z: 2.02, p < 0.04). Ballet dancers and their managers should be aware of the findings of this study to make informed decisions on their behavior (dancers) or to initiate specific programs aimed at the prevention of substance use and misuse in this profession (managers).

The Psychological Aspects of Injury in Sport

The benefit of sports and physical activity are widely known. However, the risk of injury is an unfavourable consequence in physical training. Age, gender, injury history, body size, local anatomy and biomechanics, aerobic fitness, muscle strength, psychological and psychosocial factors as well as general mental ability are factor in the predisposition to injury. It sports, regardless of the best efforts of coaches and trainers, injuries do occur. One of the most important aspects in sport injury is the psychological aspect. Which include psychological variables as predictors of injury occurrence, athlete's psychological response to injury, psychological aspects of the rehabilitation process, and also psychological readiness to return to competition. Psychological factors of injury occurrence in sports can be predicted. Among the factors already studied are the stress responses, personality, history of stressors, coping resources, stte–trait anxiety, self–esteem, and mental toughness. With regard to the psychological response to injury, a few factors such as emotions and behaviour of the injured athletes have been identified. Studies on phychological aspects of the rehabilition process have indicated that injured athletes need a number of approaches that can be implemented such as communication skills and motivation techniques. Nevertheless, injured athletes need to consider some psychological readiness factors to return to competition like anxiety, fear and loss of confidence which subsequently may affect their performance when they return to competition. Key words: sport; injury; psychological; predictors; response; rehabilitation; competition.

Psychological Predictors of Injury among Professional Soccer Players

Psychological Predictors of Injury among Professional Soccer PlayersObjectives:Numerous empirical studies suggest that specific psychological factors influence the frequency and severity of sport injuries. The main purpose of the present study is to outline the psychological factors, which predict increased injury vulnerability among professional male soccer players in Denmark. Based on the Stress-Injury Model by Williams &amp; Anderson (1998) it is hypothesized that low coping resources, high competitive trait anxiety, and history of previous injuries would be positively related to an increased risk of injury occurrence and severity.Methods:The soccer players (N = 87) were asked to report history of previous injuries within the last 12 months. Furthermore, 2 questionnaires were used; Competitive Trait Anxiety Test, and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory - 28 (ACSI-28). Injuries were prospectively recorded throughout a period of approximately 3 months by the team's medical staff (doctors and physiotherapists).Results:Study findings clearly suggest that history of previous injury and coping with adversity are the best predictors of injury occurrence. These factors explained between 7 % and 11 % of the total variance of injury occurrence and days lost due to injury respectively. Furthermore, the same variables were found very successful in prediction injury occurrence.Conclusions:The findings support the suggestions that psychological factors can be utilized as a predictive measurement to sport injuries, which should be considered by coaches and medical staff in order to reduce vulnerability to injury.

NEW LABORATORY TEST FOR DYNAMIC STABILITY IN ACL DEFICIENT KNEE JOINT

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in sports. Knee injuries are the most common, and have the greatest potential to cause both short term and long term disability. Dynamic stability of the knee during such activities is determined by the balance of muscle strength, lower extremity muscle fatigue, ligament function, joint structures contact, and ground reaction forces applied to the leg. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the controlled landing tests in dynamic stability. Optoelectronic system BTS ELITE, offering integration of kinematics data with the external signals of force platforms and EMG devices, was used for experiments. The developed test protocol could be applicable as an indicator of readiness of athletes to sustain training workload as well as a predictor of injury occurrence in healthy people.

Safety climate and self-reported injury: Assessing the mediating role of employee safety control

To further reduce injuries in the workplace, companies have begun focusing on organizational factors which may contribute to workplace safety. Safety climate is an organizational factor commonly cited as a predictor of injury occurrence. Characterized by the shared perceptions of employees, safety climate can be viewed as a snapshot of the prevailing state of safety in the organization at a discrete point in time. However, few studies have elaborated plausible mechanisms through which safety climate likely influences injury occurrence. A mediating model is proposed to link safety climate (i.e., management commitment to safety, return-to-work policies, post-injury administration, and safety training) with self-reported injury through employees’ perceived control on safety. Factorial evidence substantiated that management commitment to safety, return-to-work policies, post-injury administration, and safety training are important dimensions of safety climate. In addition, the data support that safety climate is a critical factor predicting the history of a self-reported occupational injury, and that employee safety control mediates the relationship between safety climate and occupational injury. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating organizational factors and workers’ characteristics in efforts to improve organizational safety performance.

Dynamics stability in landing with ACL deficient knee joint

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the controlled landing tests in dynamics stabilities of ACL deficient knee pre- and post reconstruction. The test protocol included experimental and control groups. The experimental group included examines with ACL deficient knee while control group consisted of healthy examines. The protocol consisted of following testing phases: 1. testing of the knee joint muscle power (execution of the maximum voluntary contraction during which the myoelectric signals were collected) and 2. testing of the knee joint dynamic stability (execution of the test with one-legged (landings) from the 40 cm and 20 cm high bench, during which the kinematic and kinetic parameters were collected). Following variables were studied: kinematic (valgus and varus, inner and outer rotation and angle of the flexion and extension in the knee joint), ground reaction force and EMG signals of the four main muscle of lower extremity have been measured during execution of the maximum static contraction lasting for 10 seconds. The protocol consisted of two testing period time pre- and post reconstruction of ACL. Statistically significant difference between groups in the first measurement as well as between injured and healthy knee was observed. That was the case especially in kinematical parameters (in inner and outer rotation angle as well as valgus-varus movement). Generally, a change in landing dynamics of the injured knee was observed. The differences are reduced following the reconstruction, and that is especially the case in examinees that underwent proprioceptive treatment during rehabilitation. The test could be applicable as an indicator of readiness of athletes to sustain training workload as well as a predictor of injury occurrence in healthy people.