Predict Bladder Outlet Obstruction Research Articles

Clinical predictors of bladder outlet obstruction among men consulting for routine urological screening

Clinical predictors of bladder outlet obstruction among men consulting for routine urological screening

Post-voided residual urine ratio as a predictor of bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: development of a clinical nomogram.

To confirm the correlation between post-void residual urine ratio (PVR-R) and BOO diagnosed by pressure-flow studies (PFS) in males with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to develop a clinical nomogram. A consecutive series of patients aged 45years or older with non-neurogenic LUTS were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent standard diagnostic assessment for BOO including International Prostatic Symptoms Score, uroflowmetry, urodynamic studies, suprapubic ultrasound of the prostate, and ultrasound measurements of the bladder wall thickness (BTW). PVR-R was defined as follows: PVR-R = (PVR/total Bladder Volume [BV]) × 100). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate predictors of pathological bladder emptying (BOO) defined as Schafer > II. A nomogram to predict BOO based on the multivariable logistic regression model was then developed. Overall 335 patients were enrolled. Overall, 131/335 (40%) presented BOO on PFS. In a multivariable logistic age-adjusted regression model BWT (odds ratio [OR]: 2.21 per mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57-3.09; p = 0.001), PVR-R (OR: 1.02 per %; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03; p = 0.034) and prostate volume (OR: 0.97 per mL; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98; p = 0.001) were significant predictors for BOO. The model presented an accuracy of 0.82 and a clinical net benefit in the range of 10-90%. The present study confirms the important role of PVR-ratio in the prediction of BOO. For the first time, we present a clinical nomogram including PVR-ratio for the prediction of BOO.

This Month in Adult Urology.

This Month in Adult Urology.

Prevalence and Predictors of Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Women With Chronic Urinary Symptoms and a History of Urethral Sling Surgery.

The objective of this study is to review patients with chronic urinary symptoms and remote urethral sling surgery to determine the prevalence and predictors of obstruction. A single-center retrospective review was performed on patients referred with chronic lower urinary tract symptoms (>6 months) and a history of urethral sling surgery. Obstruction was identified by urodynamics using the Blaivas criteria or fluoroscopy. Clinical findings for patients with and without obstruction were compared. Logistic regression was applied to identify predictors of urodynamic obstruction. The need for sling revision and post-revision outcomes were evaluated. In total 105 patients were included, median age 61 years (IQR 19), median time since sling surgery 5.0 years (IQR 8). Sixty percent (63/105) met the definition for obstruction. Patients with obstruction had higher mean detrusor pressure at maximum urinary flow rate (35 vs 19 cm H2O) and lower maximum urinary flow rate (6.0 vs 14 mL/s; P < .05). A tight suburethral band and increased post-void residuals were significantly associated with urodynamic obstruction (P < .05). Fifty-nine (59/105; 56%) patients underwent suburethral sling excision. The incidence of improvement in storage and voiding symptoms at 6 months was 43% and 87%, respectively. At 30 months post-excision, the probability of being incontinence-free was 56% (95% CI 41, 69) and the probability of being free from redo sling surgery was 75% (95% CI 55, 87). Obstruction is common in patients with chronic urinary symptoms and history of urethral sling surgery. Patients undergoing sling revision should be observed for persistent storage symptoms and recurrent incontinence.

Bladder wall thickness measured by CT can predict bladder outlet obstruction in men: a retrospective cohort study.

To evaluate whether bladder wall thickness (BWT) measured by CT can be used to predict bladder outlet obstruction in men with low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). From 2015 to 2018, a total of 120 men with lower urinary tract symptoms who underwent both urodynamic studies and CT tests of the lower abdomen or pelvis were involved. Bladder wall thickness values were measured by CT scanning. Based on the urodynamic studies, 120 men were categorized into two groups, including 70/120 men (58.3%) in the bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) group and 50/120 men (41.7%) in the non-BOO group. The mean BWT was thicker in the BOO group than in the non-BOO group (3.87 vs. 2.75mm, p < 0.001). The mean maximum bladder capacity (MBC) was lower in the BOO group than in the non-BOO group (263.42 vs. 308.96ml, p < 0.001). The mean detrusor pressure at maximum urinary flow rate (PdetQmax) was higher in the patients in the BOO group than in those in the non-BOO group (102.28 vs. 49.25 cmH2O, p < 0.001). The ROC curve showed that BWT was a good predictor with an AUC of 0.855 (95% CI 0.785-0.924, p < 0.001). At the cutoff value of 3.20mm, the predictive sensitivity of BWT for BOO was 72.9%, and the specificity was 90%. Increased bladder wall thickness was correlated with bladder outlet obstruction in men with LUTS. Bladder wall thickness measured by CT scans may be a noninvasive parameter to predict bladder outlet obstruction in men with LUTS.

35 - Post-voided residual urine ratio is a predictor of bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: Development of a clinical nomogram

35 - Post-voided residual urine ratio is a predictor of bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: Development of a clinical nomogram

Development of a Predictive Model for the Diagnosis of Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction in Men

We sought to develop and validate a bladder outlet obstruction predictive model for men with nonneurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms. We retrospectively included 1,148 patients who underwent a urodynamic study in the Urology Service of the Burgos University Hospital from January 2007 to December 2019. Obstruction was defined using the Abrams-Griffiths number. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of bladder outlet obstruction. We transferred these data to a model to calculate the individual probability of obstruction. A first group with 563 patients randomly divided was selected for the design of the predictive risk model and a second group of 585 patients for the validation. A total of 331 patients (58.8%) in the development group and 381 (65.1%) in the validation group had a diagnosis of obstruction. A multivariable logistic regression model showed that age, history of previous surgical intervention, presence of voiding symptoms, preserved anal tone, maximum urinary flow rate and voiding efficiency were significant for predicting obstruction. The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78 (95% CI 0.75-0.82) and a model validation of 0.78 (0.72-0.83). Our proposed model based on clinical and noninvasive urodynamics parameters allows us to predict the risk of presenting bladder outlet obstruction in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Correlation between the International Prostate Symptom Score, Ultrasound Features and Maximum Flow Rate in Cameroonian Patients with Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Background: Benign prostatic hypertrophy is the non-malignant stromal and epithelial proliferation of the prostate gland, with or without associated anatomical enlargement of the gland and clinical symptoms. Symptomatic Benign prostatic hypertrophy may cause obstructive symptoms, irritative symptoms or both obstructive symptoms include a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, straining to void, urinary hesitancy and weak stream while irritative symptoms include dysuria, nocturia, urinary frequency and urinary urgency. A quantitative measure of the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hypertrophy can be obtained using the International Prostate Symptoms Score. Ultrasonography is useful for helping to determine bladder and prostate size in patients with urinary lower urinary tract symptoms. Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive test that assesses voiding function. It provides valuable data on the voided volume, time is taken to reach maximum flow rate and average flow rate. The goal of this study was to improve the follow up of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy by providing simple, available, affordable and non-invasive that best predict bladder outlet obstruction and the quality of life in these patients. Method: This was a cross-sectional analytic study carried out over a period of five months from May 2020 to September 2020 at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, which is a tertiary hospital in Cameroon. Were included in the study, adult males who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostatic enlargement suggestive of benign prostatic hypertrophy taking into account clinical, uroflowmetry and ultrasound findings. Results: A study population of 103 participants was recruited. The mean age of patients was 63.17 ± 10.26 years. Concerning the International Prostate Symptoms Score, the mean total, voiding (obstructive) and storage (irritative) scores were 14.6 ± 6.2, 8.5 ± 4.1 and 6.05 ± 2.7 respectively. The mean maximum flow rate was 13.44 ± 3.88 mL/s. The mean prostate volume was 53.71 ± 16.46 ml. A majority of patients have an enlarged prostate 1.5 to 2 times (46 to 60 mL) the upper limit for normal value. The intravesical prostatic protrusion was present in eighty-three (80.58%) and absent in 20 (19.42%). Above a prostate volume of 60 mL, 91% to 100% of our patients had intravesical prostatic protrusion. There was strong evidence (p < 0.001) that a change from no intravesical prostatic protrusion to intravesical prostatic protrusion grade 1 increased the chances of having a low maximum flow rate with a crude odds ratio of 7.98. The adjusted odds ratio after multivariate analysis was 5.26 and this remained statistically significant (p = 0.03). Conclusion: the measure of intravesical prostatic protrusion is superior to the prostate volume in the assessment of maximum flow rate and thus the follow up of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. This measure which is non-invasive, easy to measure, easily accessible, and cost effective may be a useful tool in predicting voiding dysfunction and acute urinary retention.

Patients with renal transplant and moderate-to-severe LUTS benefit from urodynamic evaluation and early transurethral resection of the prostate

PurposeTo assess long-term renal function and micturition pattern of males submitted to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after renal transplantation (RT). To investigate the role of clinical and urodynamic (UD) parameters for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) diagnosis in these patients.MethodsRetrospective data analysis of ≥ 50 years old patients who underwent RT between 01/2005 and 12/2016. Patients with moderate-to-severe LUTS after RT who underwent a urologic evaluation and a UD study were included. TURP was performed in case of BOO diagnosis. Kidney function and micturition patterns were evaluated before, 3, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after TURP. Predictors of BOO were assessed at univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Statistical analysis was performed with STATA16.Results233 male patients ≥ 50 years underwent RT. 71/233 (30%) patients developed voiding LUTS. 52/71 (73%) patients with moderate-to-severe LUTS underwent UD. TURP was performed in 36/52 (69%) patients, with BOO diagnosis. Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 108 (75–136) months. Maximum flow at flowmetry (Qmax), International Prostate Symptom Score and post-voided residual volume improved significantly after surgery. Serum creatinine decreased and glomerular filtration rate improved significantly at follow-up, especially when TURP was performed ≤ 6 months from RT. At the multivariable model, bladder capacity ≥ 300 mL (OR = 1.74, CI 95% 1.03–3.15, p = 0.043) and detrusor pressure at Qmax (OR = 2.05, CI 95% 1.48–3.02, p = 0.035) were the independent predictors of BOO.ConclusionRT patients with moderate-to-severe LUTS at risk for BOO and graft failure are better identified by UD than clinical parameters. Bladder capacity and voiding pressure are key for the early diagnosis of BOO.

Accuracy of Intravesical Prostate Protrusion Measured by Trans-abdominal Ultrasound in Predicting Bladder Outlet Obstruction

Accuracy of Intravesical Prostate Protrusion Measured by Trans-abdominal Ultrasound in Predicting Bladder Outlet Obstruction

Ultrasound derived-parameters and symptom severity scores as noninvasive predictors of bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic enlargement

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in men over 50 years and causes lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms. There is an emerging need to explore the value of utilizing ultrasound (US)-derived parameters of the LUT as noninvasive predictors of the degree of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) from BPH and determine if they correlate with the symptom severity observed in these patients. This study aimed to determine the utility of US-derived parameters of the LUT (prostate volume [PV], bladder wall thickness [BWT], and postvoid residual volume [PVR]) in predicting severity of BOO and correlating them with the symptom severity scores – International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) – in patients with BPH in our practice. Methodology: We prospectively studied 100 newly diagnosed patients with symptomatic BPH who presented to the urology outpatient clinic and were referred to the radiology department for transabdominal scan of the urinary bladder and prostate. The patients' age, IPSS, and QoL and their BWT1 (full bladder), BWT2 (empty bladder), PV, and PVR were measured using transabdominal US scan. Correlation was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and P Results: The mean age of the participants was 60 years. The mean BTW1 and BTW2 were 4.66 mm and 25.80 mm, respectively. The mean IPSS was 16, with a majority (42%) having severe symptoms. There is a negative insignificant correlation between PVR and BTW2 (r = −0.053, P = 0.603). There is a weak but statistically insignificant correlation between QoL and BWT. There is a weak but insignificant correlation between PV and IPSS (r = 0.193, P = 0.055). There is a weak but insignificant correlation between IPSS and BWT. There is a moderate and statistically significant correlation between IPSS and PVR (r = 0.350, P Conclusion: In our patients, we found that BWT had an insignificant correlation with QoL and a negative correlation with PVR, respectively. We could show, however, that in them, PVR and IPSS were significantly correlated.

Evaluation of resistive index of the prostate and bladder sonomorphologic parameters as replacements for urodynamics to predict bladder outlet obstruction in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study investigated whether the resistive index (RI) of prostate and bladder sonomorphologic parameters (total prostate volume [TPV], detrusor wall thickness [DWT], intraprostatic protrusion [IPP]) can be used instead of urodynamic studies (UDS) to predict bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Men aged ≥50 years with clinical BPH/LUTS were prospectively enrolled included. Basic evaluations, measurement of sonomorphologic parameters, and UDS were performed in accordance with the International Continence Society's Good Urodynamics Practices protocol. Data of 240 patients were divided into two groups based on the BOO index(BOOI). Group 1 consisted of patients negative for BOO (BOOI <40), whereas Group 2 consisted of patients positive for BOO (BOOI > 40). Patient age, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life score and post-void residual volume were comparable between the two groups, whereas significant differences were evident in peak flow rate, TPV, DWT, RI, and IPP (P < 0.01 for all). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between BOOI and DWT (r = 0.198, P = 0.002), IPP (r = 0.450, P = 0.000), and RI (r = 0.334, P = 0.000). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between BOOI and IPP (β = 0.382, P = 0.000) and RI (β = 0.226, P = 0.000). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under curve was 0.785 for RI (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.703-0.867, P < 0.001) and 0.905 for IPP (95% CI 0.850-0.961, P < 0.001). At a cut-off value of 7.5 mm for IPP, the sensitivity was 86.9%, specificity was 83.3% and positive predictive value was 92.41%. IPP and RI may be the best non-invasive predictors for BOO in selected patients with LUTS/BPH.

Correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and international prostate symptom score among Nigerian men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) is a noninvasive test that can predict bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The objective of this study was to determinethe correlation between IPP and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) in patients with BPH. A cross-sectional prospective study of new patients with symptomatic BPH who presented to the urology clinics of NAUTH, Nnewi. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Participants had abdominal ultrasonography measurements of IPP from midline sagittal image of the prostate (at bladder volume ≥100 mL) using Prosound SSD3500 with abdominal probe frequency of 3.5 MHz. IPP was divided into three grades (grade I: 0-4.9mm, grade II: 5.0-9.9 mm, and grade III: ≥10.0 mm). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation was used to assess correlation where necessary. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. In all, 101 men with a mean age of 67.09 ± 10.93 years were included in the study. The average IPSS, storage symptoms IPSS (IPSS-S), voiding symptoms IPSS (IPSS-V), Quality of Life (QoL) index, and IPP were 17.05 ± 7.62, 7.81 ± 5.17, 9.24 ± 3.16, 4.75 ± 1.59, and 13.50 ± 7.47 mm, respectively. There were significant differences between the mean IPSS (P = 0.000), mean IPSS-S (P = 0.000), and mean IPSS-V (P = 0.002) among the three grades of IPP. There were significant positive correlations between IPP and IPSS (P = 0.000), IPSS-S (P = 0.000), IPSS-V (P = 0.000), and IPSS QoL index (P = 0.000). There were significant positive correlations between IPP and IPSS, IPSS-S, IPSS-V, and IPSS QoL index.

Development and validation of a clinical nomogram predicting bladder outlet obstruction via routine clinical parameters in men with refractory nonneurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms.

We aimed to develop and validate a clinical nomogram predicting bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) solely using routine clinical parameters in men with refractory nonneurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). A total of 750 eligible patients ≥50 years of age who had previously not responded (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] improvement <4 points) to at least three different kinds of LUTS medications (including a-blocker) for the last 6 months were evaluated as subcohorts for nomogram development (n = 570) and for split-sample validation (n = 180). BOO was defined as Abrams–Griffiths number ≥40, or 20–39.9 with a slope of linear passive urethral resistance ratio >2 cmH2O ml−1 s−1. A stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of BOO, and b-coefficients of the final model were selected to create a clinical nomogram. The final multivariable logistic regression model showed that age, IPSS, maximum urinary flow rate, postvoid residual volume, total prostate volume, and transitional zone index were significant for predicting BOO; these candidates were used to develop the final nomogram. The discrimination performance of the nomogram was 88.3% (95% CI: 82.7%–93.0%, P < 0.001), and the nomogram was reasonably well-fitted to the ideal line of the calibration plot. Independent split-sample validation revealed 80.9% (95% CI: 75.5%–84.4%, P < 0.001) accuracy. The proposed BOO nomogram based solely on routine clinical parameters was accurate and validated properly. This nomogram may be useful in determining further treatment, primarily focused on prostatic surgery for BOO, without impeding the detection of possible BOO in men with LUTS that is refractory to empirical medications.

Videourodynamic findings of lower urinary tract dysfunctions in men with persistent storage lower urinary tract symptoms after medical treatment.

ObjectiveTo analyze the underlying lower urinary tract dysfunctions by video-urodynamic studies in men who have persistent storage symptoms after initial drug therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).MethodsThe medical records of 614 men ≥40 years of age with LUTS and an International Prostate Symptom Score of ≥8 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had persistent storage symptoms after medical treatment for at least 6 months. A video-urodynamic study was done to investigate the underlying bladder or bladder outlet dysfunction. Predictors of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by baseline urine flow metrics and prostate parameters were investigated.ResultsThe final results revealed bladder neck dysfunction (BND) in 137/614 (22.3%), benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) in 246/614 (40.1%), detrusor overactivity (DO) in 193/614 (31.4%), and DO with detrusor underactivity (DO+DU) in 38/614 (6.2%) patients. Among the patients, 221/281 (78.6%) with a total prostatic volume (TPV) ≥40 ml had BOO, including 43/281 (15.3%) with BND and 178/281 (63.3%) with BPO. If we combined TPV ≥40 ml and Qmax <12 ml/s as predictors of BOO, BOO was found in 176/215 (81.8%) patients including 34/215 (15.8%) with BND and 142/215 (66.0%) with BPO. BOO was also found in 48.8% of men with a TPV <40ml, and in 36.3% of men with TPV< 40 ml and Qmax ≥ 12 ml/s. In 102 men with TPV <40 ml and Qmax ≥12 ml/s, 64 (62.7%) had DO.ConclusionBOO, including BND and BPO, comprise 62.4% (383/614) of men with persistent storage symptoms after initial medical treatment for LUTS/BPH. In men who have persistent storage symptoms after medical treatment for LUTS/BPH, BOO should be carefully investigated and appropriate management being given to improve LUTS.

Combination of intravesical prostatic protrusion and resistive index is useful to predict bladder outlet obstruction in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

To examine which parameters obtained from transrectal ultrasonography are accurate predictors of urodynamically-confirmed bladder outlet obstruction in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The records of 350 patients with complaints of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia were reviewed. Baseline parameters were international prostate symptom score, quality of life score, postvoid residual urine volume, prostate-specific antigen, and data obtained from uroflowmetry and transrectal ultrasonography. Urodynamic studies were carried out to determine bladder outlet obstruction. Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated to compare the accuracy of the different parameters, and the area under the curve of each parameter was calculated. Bladder outlet obstruction index positively correlated with intravesical prostatic protrusion, total prostate volume, transition zone volume, transition zone index, resistive index and prostate-specific antigen. Further, resistive index was only a significant independent variable with intravesical prostatic protrusion. Intravesical prostatic protrusion had the highest area under the curve of 0.790 among all variables, and its cut-off value was 10 mm. The positive predictive value of intravesical prostatic protrusion was 76.2%. In addition, the positive predictive value of the combined parameters intravesical prostatic protrusion and resistive index increased to 83.8%. Intravesical prostatic protrusion and resistive index are useful parameters for predicting bladder outlet obstruction in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In clinical practice, the combination of intravesical prostatic protrusion and resistive index on ultrasound can be diagnostic of bladder outlet obstruction.

A clinical nomogram for predicting bladder outlet obstruction in non-neurogenic male patients with overactive bladder

A clinical nomogram for predicting bladder outlet obstruction in non-neurogenic male patients with overactive bladder

Urodynamic Features and Significant Predictors of Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Patients With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Small Prostate Volume

To investigate the clinical and urodynamic features of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) according to their prostate size. We analyzed 2039 LUTS/BPH patients who underwent urodynamic study between October 2004 and August 2013. We divided the patients into three groups according to their prostate size: small (≤30 mL), moderately enlarged (31-80 mL), and large prostate (≥81 mL) groups. We compared the groups regarding age, International Prostatic Symptom Score, maximal flow rate (Qmax), postvoided residual (PVR), serum prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume measured by ultrasonography, and urodynamic findings. Patients with a small prostate had better urodynamic outcomes than those with larger prostates in overall population. Although the total prostate volume significantly correlated with the bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) index (r = 0.51), BOO patients with a small prostate had similar Qmax, higher PVR, and lower voiding efficiency, compared to those with larger prostates. Moreover, urodynamic parameters indicating bladder abnormalities, including low compliance and involuntary detrusor contraction positivity, were similar among the groups in BOO patients. A higher proportion of detrusor underactivity was also observed in the small prostate group in BOO patients. Finally, when adjusting for potential confounding variables, we identified serum prostate-specific antigen levels (odds ratio, 1.34) and Qmax (odds ratio, 0.77) as significant predictors for BOO in LUTS/BPH patients with a small prostate. BOO patients with a small prostate showed higher PVR and poor voiding efficiency, as well as similar urodynamic bladder abnormalities, compared to those with moderately enlarged and large prostates.

Can intravesical prostatic protrusion predict bladder outlet obstruction even in men with good flow?

ObjectiveMen with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with good urinary flow may still have bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) has been shown to be able to predict BOO. We aim to investigate the use of IPP to predict BOO in men with good urinary flow. MethodsOne hundred and fourteen consecutive men (>50 years old) presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of BPH were recruited in 2001 and 2002. They were evaluated with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), uroflowmetry and transabdominal ultrasound measurement of IPP and prostate volume (PV). Pressure-flow urodynamic studies were performed on all men and BOO was defined by BOO index > 40. Men with Qmax ≥ 12.0 mL/s were considered to have good flow. ResultsAmong the 114 men, 61 patients had good urinary flow. Their median age, PV and Qmax were 66 years, 32.9 mm3 and 14.5 mL/s respectively. 14/61 (23.0%) patients had BOO and their distribution of IPP were as follows: Grade 1 – 0/20 (0%) obstructed, Grade 2 – 6/22 (27.3%) and Grade 3 – 8/19 (42.1%). Sensitivity of Grade 2/3 IPP for BOO was 100% while specificity of Grade 3 IPP was 76.6%. The area-under-curve (AUC) for IPP was greater than that for PV (0.757 vs. 0.696). ConclusionEven in men with good flow, high grades of IPP were more likely to have BOO and hence, may be a useful adjunct to predict BOO.

Urodynamic findings in women with refractory overactive bladder symptoms.

To assess: (i) the correlation between overactive bladder symptoms and urodynamic findings in female patients; and (ii) the association of urinary symptoms with the presence of detrusor overactivity and/or bladder outlet obstruction. The present retrospective study included female patients with overactive bladder symptoms who underwent urodynamic evaluation by a single physician. Patients with previous anti-incontinence surgery or neurogenic bladder were excluded. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to correlate overactive bladder symptoms with the urodynamic findings. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent factors for detrusor overactivity and bladder outlet obstruction. Overall, 1737 reports were analyzed. All patients had urgency with or without urgency urinary incontinence. Urgency, urgency urinary incontinence and nocturia correlated with detrusor overactivity. The severity of frequency, nocturia and slow stream correlated with bladder outlet obstruction. In contrast, stress urinary incontinence showed an inverse, but weak, correlation with bladder outlet obstruction. Stress urinary incontinence correlated moderately with urine leak. Storage symptoms showed an inverse, but weak, correlation with maximum cystometric capacity. Multivariate analysis data showed that age, urgency, urgency urinary incontinence and nocturia were independent predictors of detrusor overactivity, whereas the severity of frequency was a predictor of bladder outlet obstruction. As overactive bladder symptoms increase in severity, female patients tend to have a smaller bladder capacity and a higher incidence of detrusor overactivity. A significant number of these patients have bladder outlet obstruction.