Predictor For Development Of Type Research Articles

Skin autofluorescence as tool for cardiovascular and diabetes risk prediction.

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) have an important role in the development of chronic complications in diabetes mellitus and in renal failure. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is a simple noninvasive optical technique to estimate AGE levels in the dermis. SAF increases with age, but rises more rapidly in diabetes and renal failure, and is also associated with, and a predictor of their complications. In recent large population studies, SAF is a strong predictor of development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and in persons with known diabetes of its complications. SAF also predicts new cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality not only in individuals with known type 2 diabetes but also in the general population. SAF is a simple, powerful and independent predictor for development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and also for cardiovascular disease and mortality in both persons with diabetes, and in the general population.

Adiponectin gene polymorphisms as a predictor for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraqi population

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence is increasing globally and nationally. The etiology of the disease includes environmental and genetic factors. Polymorphism of adiponectin gene was found to be implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM in numerous populations. MethodsA case-control study was conducted to assess the association of rs2241766 and rs822395 SNPs of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) with T2DM in Iraqi population. The study included 400 patients with T2DM and 400 healthy individuals served as a control group. Serum lipid concentrations, insulin level and the index of insulin resistance (HOMA) were measured. The genotyping of ADIPOQ for rs2241766 and rs822395 SNPs was performed by PCR-RFLP. ResultsThe genotype distribution of rs2241766 SNP indicated a significant increase of carriers of the homozygous GG (OR: 5.04, CI95%: 2.27–11.19, P: 0.0001) and heterozygous TG (OR: 1.7, CI95%: 1.22–2.39, P: 0.002) variants when compared with those of the wild type, suggesting a risk factor of 2 and 5 to develop the disease. The minor allele frequency (MAF) G was observed to be significantly (P: 0.0001) higher in patients (22%) when compared with the control group (11.74%). Results of rs822395 SNP failed to exhibit a significant difference. Changes of BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and insulin resistance index values in the diabetic patients seemed to be parallel with the presence of MAF of rs2241766 SNP. ConclusionThe rs2241766T>G SNP of adiponectin gene is a risk factor for the development of T2DM in Iraqi population and directs the changes of serum lipid concentrations as well as insulin resistance.

Three-year increase of gamma-glutamyltransferase level and development of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men and women: the D.E.S.I.R. cohort

Among hepatic markers, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is the main predictor for development of type 2 diabetes, but there are no data to date on changes in GGT and type 2 diabetes incidence. Data at baseline and at 3 years from the D.E.S.I.R. cohort were used, comprising 2,071 men and 2,130 women without baseline diabetes. Changes in GGT level were correlated with changes in markers of insulin resistance (fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), as well as with the following elements of the metabolic syndrome: central obesity, and increased fasting glucose, triglycerides and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic). The 3-year increase in GGT was associated with incident type 2 diabetes in both sexes, after adjusting for age and baseline GGT. After further adjustment for baseline confounding factors, including alanine-aminotransferase, alcohol intake, obesity and fasting insulin, the odds ratios (95% CI) for an association between incident type 2 diabetes and unchanged or increased (as opposed to decreased) GGT levels were 2.54 (1.38-4.68) in men (p=0.003) and 2.78 (1.20-6.42) in women (p=0.02). These associations were slightly attenuated after adjusting for the 3-year change in BMI, alcohol consumption and fasting insulin, the odds ratios being 2.49 (1.28-4.86) in men and 2.53 (1.01-6.40) in women. This relationship was not dependent on intra-individual variability. An unchanged or increased GGT level over time, even when GGT is in the normal range, is correlated with increasing insulin resistance and is associated with a risk of incident type 2 diabetes in both sexes, independently of baseline GGT, which is itself a diabetes risk factor.