Prediction Of Emission Rates Research Articles

Evaluation of Gaseous Pollutants Emission Rate from Marvdasht Landfills

Unmanaged gasses emitted from the landfills can lead to various environmental and health problems for the resident of such regions. Despite various studies conducted on prediction of emission rates of gaseous pollutant in landfills, no study in currently being conducted on the emission rates of carbon dioxide, methane, and non-methane organic compounds from the Marvdasht landfills. In the first steps of this study the required information were gathered first and then the necessary prediction calculations were handled by the LandGEM software. The study results suggest that the within the years of 2003 and 2031, the generation rates of carbon dioxide, methane and non-methane organic compounds will respectively be equal to 14×10 11 , 4667×10 7 and 3.89×10 5 tons. Among the aforementioned gasses, in case of converting the methane energy capacity into the electrical energy, a total income of 1489 billion rials is achievable from the Marvdasht landfill within a course of 27 years of operation. However, it should be noted that no investigation was conducted on the initial and operation costs in this study. In this study, by calculating all of the required information for the design and construction of a biogas collection and extraction system in the landfill of Marvdasht, the necessary means for the appliance of such plan has been provided.

Luminescence from Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon and Extended Red Emission from Nebulae

The observation of filamentary extended red emission (ERE) structures in reflection nebulae is found to be consistent with the establishment of an equilibrium between the deactivation of small grains of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (HAC) by UV radiation and rehydrogenation by H atoms created by photodissociation of H2 by the same UV field. Laboratory data on photodarkening and H-atom rehydrogenation rates in HAC have been used to provide a quantitative prediction of emission rates for comparison with ERE intensities. Quantitative agreement is obtained between calculated and observed ERE intensities in reflection nebulae. The luminescence efficiency of interstellar HAC is found to be similar (10-2-10-3) to that measured for laboratory samples. ERE is calculated to occur from a region with a linear dimension Δz ~ (1-2) × 1017 cm at the edge of a photodissociation zone. Proper motion of these emission regions may be detectable.

Free area for translation calculated by Monte-Carlo simulation of surface migrations

It is assumed that surface mobility of alkali metals adsorbed on refractory metal surfaces is achieved by hops between adjacent adsorption sites and is constrained by intermetallic bonds with the surface as well as covalent (partly ionic) bonds and dipole interaction between adsorbed particles. A survey reduces the crystallographic considerations to two basic types. A Monte-Carlo computer simulation is then performed to obtain estimates of the free area of translation. This form of the free area function is used in the prediction of emission rates from cesiated tungsten and molybdenum, and results in improved correlation with experimental data for materials of interest in the development of thermionic diodes.