Predictors Of Antisocial Behavior Research Articles

Personality Trait, Gender and Substance Use as Predictors of Antisocial Behaviour among Undergraduates in Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki

Personality Trait, Gender and Substance Use as Predictors of Antisocial Behaviour among Undergraduates in Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki

Victimization by Bullying as a Predictor of Antisocial Behavior Among Adolescents

Victimization by Bullying as a Predictor of Antisocial Behavior Among Adolescents

Examining How Testosterone and Cortisol Influence the Relationship Between Strain, Negative Emotions, and Antisocial Behavior: A Gendered Analysis

This study provides a test of General Strain Theory by examining the relations between strain, negative emotions, and biological hormones in the prediction of antisocial behavior across gender. Findings from a diverse sample of 512 undergraduate students reveal that strain and the ratio between testosterone to cortisol reactivity are associated with higher levels of antisocial behavior in males, but not females. In contrast, the effect of depressive symptoms on antisocial behavior is stronger at higher levels of strain and ratio of testosterone to cortisol reactivity in females. Drug use and depressive symptoms were found to partly mediate the association between strain and antisocial behavior in females, but not males.

Developmental trajectories of interpersonal callousness from childhood to adolescence as predictors of antisocial behavior and psychopathic features in young adulthood.

Although previous research has established a link between early interpersonal callousness (IC) from childhood to adolescence and later antisocial behavior and psychopathic features, the majority of these studies assess more proximal outcomes (e.g., assessed in adolescence). Thus, it is unclear whether youth with early-onset chronic levels of IC will continue to have negative outcomes into adulthood (i.e., roughly 14 years after IC was assessed). The current study used data from the youngest cohort (N = 503) of the Pittsburgh Youth Study to examine how latent classes of youth with different developmental patterns of IC across a 7-year period (∼ages 8 to 15) differed in their official records of juvenile (∼ages 16-17) and young adult (∼ages 18-31) offending, as well as self-reported psychopathic features and aggression in young adulthood (∼age 29). Results indicated that after adjusting for race, early offending, and externalizing behaviors in adolescence, youth with an early-onset chronic pattern of IC had substantially elevated risk for a serious and persistent pattern of offending, particularly violent offending. However, once these covariates were included, IC class no longer significantly predicted psychopathic features in adulthood. Thus, it is possible that the stability from early patterns of IC to adult psychopathic features may have previously been overstated. Future work could examine whether interventions to reduce IC in childhood and adolescence could successfully result in improved outcomes into adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Adolescents' externalizing behaviors and antisocial text messaging across the broader peer network: Implications for socialization and selection effects.

Adolescents' peer networks provide an important context that can contribute to increases in antisocial behavior. By a process called deviancy training, peers can both model and reinforce these behaviors, thereby conveying group norms about the acceptability of such behaviors. This research examined the relationship between the proportion of adolescents' peers who exchanged antisocial text messages and externalizing behaviors during high school. In Study 1, parent-, teacher-, and self-reports of rule-breaking and aggression were collected for a sample of adolescents (n = 167, 80 girls; 22.2% Black, 51.5% Caucasian, 18.7% Hispanic) during the summers before and after 9th grade. Total text frequency, frequency of antisocial texts, and the proportion of the peer network who exchanged antisocial messages were examined as predictors of antisocial behavior. The proportion of peers who exchanged antisocial texts significantly predicted rule-breaking, but not aggression. Study 2 examined the direction of the relationship documented in Study 1 more thoroughly. Externalizing behaviors at 9th, 10th, and 11th grade were evaluated as predictors of the proportion of the peer network that exchanged texts about antisocial topics (n = 205, 98 girls; 22.4% Black, 53.7% Caucasian, 16.9% Hispanic). Externalizing behaviors predicted the proportion of adolescents' peer network that exchanged antisocial texts in each of the subsequent years, but this proportion of the peer network exchanging antisocial communication did not predict subsequent externalizing behaviors. The findings suggest that the extent to which antisocial communication permeates the peer group is a selection effect.

Religiosity and effortful control as predictors of antisocial behavior in Muslim Indonesian adolescents: Moderation and mediation models.

Religiosity and effortful control as predictors of antisocial behavior in Muslim Indonesian adolescents: Moderation and mediation models.

Parental rejection and antisocial behavior: the moderating role of testosterone

PurposeResearch reports a positive relationship between parental rejection and antisocial behavior in adolescents and young adults. Studies also report a positive association between testosterone and antisocial behavior. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether testosterone moderates the influence of parental rejection on antisocial behavior in a sample of young adults.Design/methodology/approachThe current study analyzed a sample of undergraduate students (N=322) to examine the interaction between testosterone and parental rejection in the prediction of antisocial behavior. Multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to explore this association.FindingsResults from OLS regression models revealed that parental rejection and testosterone were independently associated with antisocial behavior and that the effect of parental rejection on antisocial behavior was stronger at higher levels of testosterone.Originality/valueThis current study is the first to examine how testosterone conditions the influence of parental rejection on antisocial behavior in young adults. Findings from the study add to the growing body of literature examining the interplay between biological and environmental factors.

Parenting Style and Religiosity as Predictors of Antisocial Behavior Among Nigerian Undergraduates

The relationship between parenting style, religiosity and antisocial behavior (ASB) was investigated in this study. Participants were 228 (120 males and 108 females) undergraduates. Participants’ age ranged from 16 to 20 years (M = 18.9 years). They responded to the ASB scale, Parental authority questionnaire and centrality of religiosity scale. The study utilized a cross-sectional design and hierarchical regression was used for data analysis. Results showed that the model of the three dimensions of parenting styles (i.e., authoritarian, authoritative and permissive) predicted ASB and accounted for additional 11.2% variance in ASB over and above the control variables. However, only authoritarian (β = 0.13, p = 0.043) and permissive (β = 0.32, p < 0.001) statistically significantly predicted ASB. Religiosity accounted for 5.8% additional variance in ASB significantly predicting ASB (β = 0.25, p < 0.001). Implications for social work among youths and counseling were discussed.

Conducta antisocial adolescente bajo un enfoque integrador de tres teorías criminológicas

Con el fin de someter a contraste las teorías de Asociación Diferencial, Control Social y General del delito, se analizó la relación entre conducta antisocial y los constructos de las teorías, a saber, “definiciones favorables” (Asociación diferencial), “apego” (Control Social) y “autocontrol”, empleando un enfoque integrado proposicional side-by-side de Tibbets y Hemmens, (2010) que permitió determinar el peso de dichos constructos en la predicción de la conducta antisocial mediante un modelo de regresión logística binaria por bloques explicativos que incluyó variables sociodemográficas como el sexo y el tamaño de la ciudad. Se encuestaron 2.395 adolescentes de escuelas ubicadas en tres ciudades (grande, mediana y pequeña) de Venezuela. Se encontró que, de las tres variables de la teoría de asociación diferencial, las definiciones favorables de los amigos hacia la participación en actos delictivos se desempeñaron como predictores de la conducta antisocial a nivel individual. De las diez variables de la teoría del control social, el apego a la escuela y la participación en actividades sin supervisión familiar tuvieron capacidad predictiva. El autocontrol de la teoría general del delito predice la conducta antisocial. Se concluye que los datos empíricos apoyan los planteamientos de dichas teorías.

The Association of Parental Monitoring and Peer Rejection on Antisocial Behavior among Malaysian Juvenile Offenders

ABSTRACTFrequent reports concerning vandalism, bullying, and other delinquent behaviors have revealed that antisocial behaviors among adolescents are a major social issue in Malaysia. This study examined the relationships between poor parental monitoring, peer rejection, and antisocial behavior of Malaysian juvenile offenders. The participants consisted of three hundred and sixty (n = 360) juvenile offenders. Participants were selected randomly from three juvenile rehabilitation residential schools (Tunas Bakti Schools; TBS). The findings revealed a gender difference in antisocial behavior with a significant positive relationship between poor parental monitoring, peer rejection, and antisocial behavior. Parental monitoring was the strongest predictor of antisocial behavior among Malaysian juvenile offenders, followed by peer rejection. The result of the study reveals the importance of developing integrated preventive intervention programs focusing on positive parenting monitoring practices and the development of self-resilience among juvenile offenders

Neurobiology and crime: A neuro-ethical perspective

Current neurobiological research in the field of criminology focuses on the neurobiological characteristics associated with antisocial behavior, the prediction of antisocial behavior later in life based on neurobiological risk factors, and the ways in which neurobiological factors interact with psychological and environmental risk factors. Although the use of neurobiological knowledge has the potential to make several criminal justice practices more objective and humane, it may involve practices that are challenging with respect to stigma, neuro-determinism, autonomy and mental liberty. Four main areas of interest can be identified where neurobiology plays or could play a role: (1) criminological research focused on understanding criminal behavior, (2) the (early) detection/prediction of and intervention in deviant behavior, (3) criminal proceedings: to assess responsibility and inform sentencing, and (4) forensic rehabilitation and treatment settings. In this paper, I discuss the main ethical dilemmas that arise when considering the use of recent neurobiological advances in these areas.

Age of gray matters: Neuroprediction of recidivism.

Age is one of the best predictors of antisocial behavior. Risk models of recidivism often combine chronological age with demographic, social and psychological features to aid in judicial decision-making. Here we use independent component analyses (ICA) and machine learning techniques to demonstrate the utility of using brain-based measures of cerebral aging to predict recidivism. First, we developed a brain-age model that predicts chronological age based on structural MRI data from incarcerated males (n = 1332). We then test the model's ability to predict recidivism in a new sample of offenders with longitudinal outcome data (n = 93). Consistent with hypotheses, inclusion of brain-age measures of the inferior frontal cortex and anterior-medial temporal lobes (i.e., amygdala) improved prediction models when compared with models using chronological age; and models that combined psychological, behavioral, and neuroimaging measures provided the most robust prediction of recidivism. These results verify the utility of brain measures in predicting future behavior, and suggest that brain-based data may more precisely account for important variation when compared with traditional proxy measures such as chronological age. This work also identifies new brain systems that contribute to recidivism which has clinical implications for treatment development.

High novelty seeking as a predictor of antisocial behaviour in early adulthood.

This study aimed to examine the association between novelty seeking (NS) and antisocial behaviours (age 18-35). A New Zealand general population birth cohort was studied from 1977 to 2012. Sample sizes ranged from n=962 (age 35) to n=1025 (age 18). NS was measured at age 16 using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. Perpetration of antisocial behaviours was ascertained by self-report at ages 18, 21, 25, 30 and 35. Generalized estimating equation models investigated the association between NS and antisocial behaviours net of individual factors and correlates of NS before age 16 and alcohol and substance use disorders at age 18-35. Higher NS scores were associated with a higher unadjusted incidence of all forms of antisocial behaviour. Assault, theft, property damage and dishonesty offending remained associated with NS after adjustment for individual factors and correlates of NS before age 16. After further adjustment for alcohol and substance use disorders, NS was not associated with any antisocial behaviour outcomes, suggesting those disorders mediate the association between NS and antisocial behaviours. Alcohol and substance use disorders mediate the association between NS and antisocial behaviours in early adulthood. NS may be a useful endophenotype for investigating the causation of externalizing behaviours. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Which personality traits are related to traditional bullying and cyberbullying? A study with the Big Five, Dark Triad and sadism

Studies have shown that both Big Five and Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy) personality traits are related to traditional bullying and cyberbullying behaviors in adolescents as well as in adults. Increasingly, scholars call for sadism as an addition to the Dark Triad in the study of antisocial and delinquent behaviors. In the current study we analyze whether the Big Five, Dark Triad and sadism predict traditional bullying and cyberbullying. The sample consisted of 1568 participants (61.9% female), ranging in age from 16 to 21years. Using hierarchical linear regression analyses, controlling for age and gender, it was found that agreeableness, Machiavellianism, psychopathy and sadism were significantly related to traditional bullying, and agreeableness and sadism were related to cyberbullying. Taken together, the results more firmly establish that sadism could be a predictor of antisocial behaviors, by establishing its relations with bullying and cyberbullying.

How Fear Responses of Fight, Flight and Freezing Interact With Right Hemispheric Deficits in the Prediction of Anti-Social Behavior: Proposing A New Process Model of Hemispheric Asymmetry

In order to deeply study the local ventilation loss coefficient of the bifurcation structure in urban traffic link tunnel, a scale 1:50 model with bifurcation structure was designed and constructed based on the Xiamen Haicang undersea tunnel. The ventilation characteristics and local ventilation loss coefficient are studied for the bifurcation structure through a model experiment. The results show that the length-to-height ratio at the bifurcation structure has a significant influence on the local loss coefficient. When the split ratio is greater than 0.5, the local loss coefficient of direct flow will decrease with the increase of this ratio, however it will increase when the split ratio is less than 0.5. The local loss coefficient of split flow will just decrease with the increase of the length-to-height ratio. The local loss coefficient of direct flow and split flow will decrease during the process of increasing the bifurcation angle from 10° to 20°. When the bifurcation angle is increased from 160° to 170°, the local loss coefficient of direct flow is independent of the bifurcation angle. The results clarify the influence law of the bifurcation structure on the local loss coefficient and provide the reference for the ventilation design in urban traffic link tunnel.

Intelligence, Executive Functions, and Decision Making as Predictors of Antisocial Behavior in an Adolescent Sample of Justice‐Involved Youth and a Community Comparison Group

AbstractA clinical sample of justice‐involved male adolescents and a community comparison group were compared on a battery of cognitive ability tasks (intelligence and executive functions), decision making measures, and other individual difference measures, including ratings of self‐control, recognition of morally debatable behaviors, and antisocial beliefs. The clinical sample displayed lower performance on cognitive abilities and decision making than the community comparison group. In particular, the clinical group displayed less otherside thinking and more hostile attribution biases in unintentional situations compared with the community comparison group. Cognitive abilities and the decision making performance predicted group membership. Then, group membership, ratings of self‐control, attitudes about morally debatable behaviors, and antisocial beliefs predicted ratings of antisocial behavior in the full sample. These findings suggest that measures of cognitive ability and decision making make separate contributions to explaining antisocial behaviors. In addition, the predictors of group membership and antisocial behavior did not overlap, suggesting that antisocial behavior engagement in clinical samples may be separable from the continuum of antisocial behavior across the full sample. Cognitive science models of decision making can provide a framework for understanding antisocial behavior in clinical and community samples of adolescents. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

The Interplay Between Peer Rejection and Acceptance in Preadolescence and Early Adolescence, Serotonin Transporter Gene, and Antisocial Behavior in Late Adolescence: The TRAILS Study

Gene–environment studies on adolescents’ peer contexts are important for understanding the interplay between biological and social antecedents of adolescent psychopathology. To this end, this study examined the roles of serotonin transporter ( 5-HTTLPR ) and preadolescent and early adolescent peer rejection and acceptance, as well as the interaction between genotype and environment as predictors of antisocial behavior. Longitudinal data from TRAILS (TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey), a Dutch cohort study into adolescent development that includes peer reports of rejection and acceptance assessed at 11.1 and 13.6 years and self-reported antisocial behavior at 19.1 years was used. The interaction between 5-HTTLPR and preadolescent peer rejection predicted antisocial behavior with carriers of the 5-HTTLPR short–short variant most strongly affected. No main or interaction effects were found for early adolescent rejection or interactions involving peer acceptance. Our results extend the gene–environment interaction literature by focusing on peer relationship experiences.

School Factors as Moderators of the Relationship Between Physical Child Abuse and Pathways of Antisocial Behavior

Physical child abuse is a predictor of antisocial behavior in adolescence and adulthood. Few studies have investigated factors that moderate the risk of physical child abuse for later occurring outcomes, including antisocial behavior. This analysis uses data from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study to investigate the prediction of antisocial behavior from physical child abuse and the buffering role of 3 school-related factors (i.e., school commitment, school dropout, and IQ), which are hypothesized to change the course of antisocial behavior from childhood into the adult years. Results show an association between physical child abuse and early antisocial behavior. Early antisocial behavior predicts antisocial behavior in adolescence, and that, in turn, predicts antisocial behavior in adulthood. Child IQ moderated the relationship between child physical abuse and antisocial behavior in childhood. However, no other moderation effects were observed. Limitations and implications for future research and prevention are discussed.

Early concern and disregard for others as predictors of antisocial behavior.

Prediction of antisocial behavior is important, given its adverse impact on both the individuals engaging in antisocial behavior and society. Additional research identifying early predictors of future antisocial behavior, or antisocial propensity, is needed. The present study tested the hypothesis that both concern for others and active disregard for others in distress in toddlers and young children predict antisocial behavior during middle childhood and adolescence. A representative sample of same-sex twins (N=956) recruited in Colorado was examined. Mother-rated and researcher-observed concern and disregard for others assessed at age 14-36 months were examined as predictors of parent- (age 4-12), teacher- (age 7-12), and self-reported (age 17) antisocial behavior. Observed disregard for others predicted antisocial behavior assessed by three different informants (parents, teachers, and self), including antisocial behavior assessed 14 years later. It also predicted a higher order antisocial behavior factor (β=.58, p<.01) after controlling for observed concern for others. Mother-rated disregard for others predicted parent-reported antisocial behavior. Contrary to predictions, neither mother-rated nor observed concern for others inversely predicted antisocial behavior. RESULTS of twin analyses suggested that the covariation between observed disregard for others and antisocial behavior was due to shared environmental influences. Disregard for others in toddlerhood/early childhood is a strong predictor of antisocial behavior in middle childhood and adolescence. The results suggest the potential need for early assessment of disregard for others and the development of potential interventions.

Family Processes as Predictors of Antisocial Behaviors among Adolescents from Urban, Single-Mother Malay Families in Malaysia

This study set out to determine the relationship between family processes (i.e. parenting behavior, family values and family competency) and antisocial behavior among adolescents (m = 14.42 years) from urban, single-mother families in Malaysia. The sample comprised 240 Malay single mother-adolescent dyads from four states in Peninsula Malaysia. Findings revealed that parenting behavior (r = -0.29, p &lt; .001) and family competency (r = -0.20, p &lt; .01) were significantly and negatively related to adolescent antisocial behavior. None of the family background variables were significantly related to adolescent antisocial behavior. After controlling for family background variables, multiple regression results indicated that both parenting behavior and family competency uniquely predicted antisocial behavior (F = 12.24; p &lt; .001). The results suggest that Malaysian adolescents from urban single-mother families with low functioning and low parenting quality were at higher risk for engaging in antisocial behaviors. Implications on research and practice as well as Malaysian social policies are considered.