Predictors Of Suicidal Ideation Research Articles

Perfectionism, Feelings of Not Mattering, and Suicide Ideation: An Integrated Test of the Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model and the Existential Model of Perfectionism

The Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model (PSDM) and the Existential Model of Perfectionism and Depressive Symptoms (EMPDS) are promising models of perfectionism and psychopathology. However, research examining suicide ideation within the PSDM is scarce, and no research has examined suicide ideation as an outcome in the EMPDS. Moreover, tests of the PSDM and EMPDS have been conducted separately and most research has examined the PSDM and EMPDS using cross-sectional or two-wave longitudinal designs, which do not provide a satisfactory test of mediation. In the current study, we addressed these limitations by testing whether perfectionism confers vulnerability to suicide ideation via feelings of mattering and anti-mattering (from the PSDM) and via difficulty accepting the past (from the EMPDS) in a three-wave longitudinal design in two independent samples of undergraduate students and community adults. Participants completed measures on three occasions over 6 weeks. Findings revealed that socially prescribed perfectionism indirectly predicted suicide ideation via difficulty accepting the past in both samples. In addition, in the undergraduate sample only, socially prescribed perfectionism indirectly predicted higher suicide ideation via anti-mattering, and self-oriented perfectionism indirectly predicted higher suicide ideation via mattering. Based on our findings, we advocate for future research to include suicide ideation in the PSDM and EMPDS, to integrate explanatory models, and to examine a mattering-specific EMPDS.

Sleep Quality and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescent Depression: A Chain Mediation Effect of Perceived Social Support and Resilience.

The prevalence of suicide is high among major depressive adolescents. Poor sleep quality has been documented as a significant risk factor for suicide, influencing perceived social support. Enhanced social support acts as a buffer against suicidal ideation and positively impacts resilience, reducing the prevalence of suicidal ideation. This reciprocal relationship between sleep quality, social support and resilience forms the basis for understanding the mechanisms contributing to suicidal ideation in major depressive adolescents. A total of 585 major depressive adolescents aged 11 to 24 years was conducted to explore these associations. Assessments included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Pearson correlation and Model 6 in the SPSS program were employed for chain mediating tests. Better sleep quality positively predicted decreased suicide ideation (β = 0.207, p < 0.01) and predicted lower perceived social support (β = -0.226, p < 0.01) and resilience (β = -0.355, p < 0.01). Perceived social support positively predicted increased resilience (β = 0.422, p < 0.01) and negatively predicted suicide ideation (β = -0.288, p < 0.01). Resilience negatively predicted suicide ideation (β = -0.187, p < 0.01). Sleep quality indirectly predicted suicide ideation through perceived social support and resilience, with a mediation value of 0.0678 (95% CI [0.0359, 0.1060]), constituting 10.65% of the total effect. This study establishes that sleep quality indirectly predicts suicide ideation in major depressive adolescents, mediated independently by perceived social support and resilience.

The effect of parent-adolescent discrepancies in reports of familial dysfunction and depression on suicidal ideation in adolescents.

Parents and adolescents are often discrepant in their reports of adolescent psychosocial factors. Few studies have addressed parent-adolescent discrepancies in subjective ratings of familial dysfunction and depression as longitudinal predictor variables, and none have done so in a treatment setting for adolescents with acute suicidality. This study examined how parent-adolescent discrepancies in familial dysfunction and depression impact adolescent treatment response in an intensive outpatient program for suicidality. Adolescents (N = 315) were assessed at treatment entry and exit for familial dysfunction, depression, and suicidal ideation. Parents received parallel assessments of familial dysfunction and adolescent depression at each time point. A polynomial regression was conducted to determine whether parent-adolescent discrepancies in reports of familial dysfunction and depression at entry related to the treatment outcome of adolescent-reported depression and suicide ideation at exit. Significant discrepancies were present with on average adolescents reporting more depression and familial dysfunction than parents. Entry discrepancy in familial dysfunction (but not depression) predicted suicide ideation at exit. Our results suggest that parent-adolescent discrepancies in perception of familial dysfunction is a risk factor for poor outcomes in suicidal youth and might be a fruitful target in treatment programs.

Prediction of suicidal ideation among preadolescent children with machine learning models: A longitudinal study

BackgroundMachine learning (ML) has been widely used to predict suicidal ideation (SI) in adolescents and adults. Nevertheless, studies of accurate and efficient models of SI prediction with preadolescent children are still needed because SI is surprisingly prevalent during the transition into adolescence. This study aimed to explore the potential of ML models to predict SI among preadolescent children. MethodsA total of 4691 Chinese children (54.89 % boys, Mage = 10.92 at baseline) and their parents completed relevant measures at baseline and the children provided 6-month follow-up data for SI. The current study compared four ML models: Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), to predict SI and to identify variables with predictive value based on the best-performing model among Chinese preadolescent children. ResultsThe RF model achieved the highest discriminant performance with an AUC of 0.92, accuracy of 0.93 (balanced accuracy = 0.88). The factors of internalizing problems, externalizing problems, neuroticism, childhood maltreatment, and subjective well-being in school demonstrated the highest values in predicting SI. ConclusionThe findings of this study suggested that ML models based on the observation and assessment of children's general characteristics and experiences in everyday life can serve as convenient screening and evaluation tools for suicide risk assessment among Chinese preadolescent children. The findings also provide insights for early intervention.

Sleep measures as a predictor of suicidal ideation among high-risk adolescents.

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth aged 15-24years. Identifying modifiable risk factors relevant to adolescents is crucial for suicide prevention. Sleep patterns have been linked to suicidality in adults, but lack sufficient study in youth. This ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study aimed to explore the relationship between objectively and subjectively measured sleep characteristics and next-day suicidal ideation in high-risk youth. We included 29 adolescents (12-18 years old) admitted to the inpatient psychiatric ward post-suicide attempt or due to suicidal intent within the previous month. We conducted objective (actigraphy) and subjective (sleep diary) sleep pattern assessments over ten consecutive days. Daily suicidal ideation was evaluated using a questionnaire based on the validated C-SSRS interview. A significant positive association was observed between sleep onset latency (SOL) and expressing a "death wish" the following day (OR = 1.06, 95% CI [1-1.11], p = .04), with each minute of longer SOL increased the risk for a death wish the following day by 6%. In addition, a marginally significant negative association was observed between total sleep time (TST) and expressing a "death wish" the following day (OR = 0.57, 95% CI [0.3-1.11], p = 0.1), with each one-hour decrease in objectively measured TST increasing the odds of a death wish by 43%. Our study highlights the interplay between sleep patterns and suicidal ideation, with SOL and TST playing a significant role that may function as proximal risk factors for suicidality and as a target for intervention while treating suicidal youth.

Prediction of suicidal ideation with associated risk factors among university students in the southern part of Bangladesh: Machine learning approach

BackgroundThe prevalence of suicidal ideation has become an urgent issue, particularly among adolescents. The primary objective of this research is to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation among students in the southern region of Bangladesh and to predict this phenomenon using machine learning (ML) models. MethodsThe data collection process involved using a simple random sampling technique to gather information from university students located in the southern region of Bangladesh during the period spreading from April 2022 to June 2022. Upon accounting for missing values and non-response rates, the ultimate sample size was determined to be 584, with 51.5 % of participants identifying as male and 48.5 % female. ResultsA significant proportion of students, precisely 19.9 %, reported experiencing suicidal ideation. Most participants were female (77 %) and unmarried (78 %). Within the machine learning (ML) framework, KNN exhibited the highest accuracy score of 91.45 %. In addition, the Random Forest (RF), and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) algorithms exhibited comparable levels of accuracy, achieving scores of 90.60 and 90.59 respectively. LimitationsUsing a cross-sectional design in research limits the ability to establish causal relationships. ConclusionMental health practitioners can employ the KNN model alongside patients' medical histories to detect those who may be at a higher risk of attempting suicide. This approach enables healthcare professionals to take appropriate measures, such as counselling, encouraging regular sleep patterns, and addressing depression and anxiety, to prevent suicide attempts.

Predictors of Suicidal Ideation and Continued Substance Use Problems Among Patients Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment Who Have Co-Occurring Cocaine Use Disorder

Background Persons with polysubstance use problems are at high suicide risk, which may complicate substance use treatment. The purpose of this study was to a) examine cross-sectional and longitudinal risk factors for suicidality among persons in methadone maintenance treatment who present with co-occurring cocaine use disorder and b) evaluate whether suicidality impacts substance use outcomes independently and differentially depending on treatment type (i.e. standard methadone care [SC] vs. contingency management plus standard care [CM + SC]). Methods Data come from five randomized controlled trials of CM conducted within methadone clinics (N = 562). Participants were categorized (mutually exclusive) as no history of suicidality (56.4%, n=317), past suicidal ideation (SI; 11%, n=62), recent SI (3.6%, n=20), or lifetime suicide attempt (29%, n=163). Results Suicidality groups differed by sex and baseline employment, income, trauma history, and psychosocial functioning. Suicide attempt history was positively associated with years of polysubstance use, prior drug treatments, and unintentional overdose history. Baseline psychological problem severity and emotional abuse history were associated with SI likelihood 12 weeks later. Past SI was associated with longer durations of abstinence than no suicidality. Unexpectedly, those with recent SI reported lower drug use severity at 12 week if they received SC compared to CM + SC. Effects were small to medium. Conclusions Despite greater polysubstance use history, patients with suicide attempts did not show worse substance use outcomes than persons without suicidality. Patients with past SI fared better than those without suicidality on abstinence over 12 wk. Methadone clinics could be key points of entrance and continued services for suicide prevention.

A further comparison between meaning and purpose: Examining factor structures, partial correlational, unique, and indirect associations with mental health outcomes

ABSTRACT This study explored the factor structures, partial correlational, unique and indirect associations of meaning and purpose with depressive symptoms and suicide ideation in college students (n = 956) and adults with chronic illness (n = 346). Results showed that correlated two-factor models better captured (both absence and presence of) meaning and purpose, compared to the unidimensional models. Although meaning and purpose were strongly associated, they were differentially correlated with and predictive of mental health outcomes. On one hand, while absence of meaning was positively and moderately correlated with and predictive of depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, the associations of absence of purpose were, albeit similar, weak. On the other hand, presence of meaning was negatively and moderately correlated with and predictive of depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, and the presence of purpose only predicted suicide ideation in negligible amounts among students but not adults with chronic illness. In both samples, absence of meaning and purpose were indirectly and positively related to suicide ideation through their positive associations with depressive symptoms; whereas presence of meaning, but not presence of purpose, was indirectly and negatively associated with suicide ideation through its negative associations with depressive symptoms. Conceptual and counseling implications are discussed.

Reliability and validity of proxy reports of impulsivity and aggression: An evidence-based assessment approach to psychological autopsy methods

IntroductionPsychological autopsy methods often include measures of impulsivity and aggression. The aim is to assess their reliability and validity in a Spanish sample. MethodsCross-sectional web-based survey was fulfilled by 184 proband and proxy pairs. Data was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, impulsivity through Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), aggression through Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), and history of suicide ideation. Proxies filled out BIS-11, BPAQ and suicide ideation with the responses they would expect from the probands. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between proband and proxies. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the predictive validity of proxy reports in predicting probands’ suicide ideation. ResultsBivariate analysis showed differences in BPAQ (Median 68 vs. 62; p=0.001), but not in BIS-11 (p>.050). BIS-11 showed good concordance (ICC=0.754; CI 95% 0.671–0.816) and BPAQ acceptable (ICC=0.592; CI 95% 0.442–0.699). In the probands regression model BPAQ predicted suicide ideation (OR 1.038; CI 95% 1.016–1.061) but not BIS-11 (OR 0.991; CI 95% 0.958–1.025). In the proxy-report model BPAQ also predicted probands’ suicide ideation (OR 1.036; CI 95% 1.014–1.058) but not BIS-11 (OR 0.973; CI 95% 0.942–1.004). ConclusionUsed as proxy-reported assessment tools, BIS-11 showed better reliability than the BPAQ. However, both showed validity in Spanish population and could be included in psychological autopsy protocols.

Relationship between bullying victimization and suicide ideation among Chinese adolescents: A moderated chain mediation model

Previous studies have highlighted a strong association between bullying victimization and suicide ideation. However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. Building on the classic General Strain Theory, the current study investigated the chained mediating roles of school adaptation and stress response and the moderating role of gender on the relationship between bullying victimization and suicide ideation among Chinese adolescents. A total of 7159 junior high school students (46.9% female, mean age = 13.91 years) were recruited to participate in this study and completed measures of demographic information, bullying victimization, school adaptation, stress response, and suicide ideation. The results found that: (1) There were significant correlations between bullying victimization, school adaptation, stress response, gender, and suicide ideation. (2) Bullying victimization positively predicted suicide ideation. (3) Suicide ideation related to bullying victimization via school adaptation, via stress response, and serially via school adaptation and stress response. (4) Gender moderated the relationship between school adaptation and stress response. This negative relationship was stronger for females. These findings expand the understanding of the theoretical mechanism underlying the relationship between bullying victimization and suicide ideation. It also highlights the crucial roles of school adaptation, stress response, and gender in designing bullying-related and suicide-related interventions among Chinese adolescents.

Social problem solving moderates emotion reactivity in predicting suicide ideation among college students

Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that social problem solving (SPS) moderates strong emotion reactivity (ER) to stressful events in predicting suicide ideation (SI). Participants: 200 college students: mean age = 20.33; 75% women; 58% white. Methods: Participants completed the following self-report inventories: Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Emotion Reactivity Scale, and Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised. Results: Regression and slope analyses found SPS to moderate the association between ER and SI. Specifically, (a) as ER increased, SI increased significantly less for average problem solvers as compared to ineffective problem solvers, and (b) SI increased only slightly for effective problem solvers as ER increased. A secondary exploratory analysis found 20 college students who previously attempted suicide reported more negative ER, less effective SPS, and higher SI, as compared to a group of 20 sex-and age-matched peers. Conclusions: Effective social problem solving serves to decrease the likelihood that college students will experience higher levels of suicide ideation even when their negative emotion reactivity is high. Clinical implications for treatment and prevention are discussed.

A Pathway to Healing : Exploring the Role of Spirituality as a Predictor of Suicidal Ideation

Suicidal ideation, the contemplation of ending one's life, represents a complex and multifaceted public health concern with far-reaching implications for individuals, families, and society as a whole. It is a leading cause of death worldwide. Spirituality encompasses a wide range of beliefs, practices, and experiences related to the transcendent, sacred, or divine. This study aims at evaluating Spirituality as a prognostic factor for suicidal ideation using Correlation and Regression. Data was collected using Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation (PANSI) and Spirituality Scale with a sample of N=301. Results revealed that n levels of spirituality - Self discovery, Eco awareness and relationships - has a significant positive correlation with Positive Suicidal ideation and a significant negative correlation with negative suicidal ideation. It was also found that there is a 23% prediction level between spirituality and Negative suicidal ideation with an accuracy level of 99.999%. Therefore, it was concluded that spirituality is a prognostic factor for suicidal ideation and that an increase in spirituality can reduce the risk levels of an individual for engaging in suicidal behaviours.

Psychological Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation: A Study in an Adolescent Sample in an Insular Context.

Adolescents are at risk of suicide. As suicide is a multifactorial process, risk and protective factors are relevant constructs for suicide prediction. This study explored the effects of risk and protective factors on suicidal ideation in adolescents on the island of São Miguel (Azores). A sample of 750 adolescents (male: n=358; 47.7%; mean age=14.67 years; standard deviation=1.85 years) from the island of São Miguel (Azores) completed several measures related to suicidal ideation and associated factors. Using a cross-sectional design, this study conducted descriptive, correlational, predictive, mediation, and moderation analyses. Adolescents generally displayed high levels of risk and protective factors; an indicative proportion exhibited significant suicidal ideation with females presenting the greatest vulnerability. Furthermore, the results highlight that depression is the best predictor of suicidal ideation, however, the association between these variables is mediated. The data corroborate that the suicidal reality of adolescents in the Autonomous Region of the Azores is worrisome. Having substantiated the complexity of the suicidal context in young people in the present research, the need to continue studying risk/protective factors in this area is supported.

Ecological Momentary Assessment and Machine Learning for Predicting Suicidal Ideation Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals

Suicidality poses a serious global health concern, particularly in the sexual and gender minority population. While various studies have focused on investigating chronic stressors, the precise prediction effect of daily experiences on suicide ideation remains uncertain. To test the extent to which mood fluctuations and contextual stressful events experienced by sexual and gender minority individuals may predict later short- and long-term suicide ideation. This diagnostic study collected twice-daily data on mood states and stressful events from sexual and gender minority individuals over 25 days throughout 3 waves of the Chinese Lunar New Year (before, during, and after), and follow-up surveys assessing suicidal ideation were conducted 1, 3, and 8 months later. Online recruitment advertisements were used to recruit young adults throughout China. Eligible participants were self-identified as sexual and gender minority individuals aged 18 to 29 years. Those who were diagnosed with psychotic disorders (eg, schizophrenia spectrum or schizotypal disorder) or prevented from objective factors (ie, not having a phone or having an irregular sleep rhythm) were excluded. Data were collected from January to October 2022. To predict short-term (1 month) and longer-term (3 and 8 months) suicidal ideation, the study tested several approaches by using machine learning including chronic stress baseline data (baseline approach), dynamic patterns of mood states and stressful events (ecological momentary assessment [EMA] approach), and a combination of baseline data and dynamic patterns (EMA plus baseline approach). A total of 103 sexual and gender minority individuals participated in the study (mean [SD] age, 24.2 [2.5] years; 72 [70%] female). Of these, 19 (18.4%; 95% CI, 10.9%-25.9%), 25 (24.8%; 95% CI, 16.4%-33.2%), 30 (29.4%; 95% CI, 20.6%-38.2%), and 32 (31.1%; 95% CI, 22.2%-40.0%) reported suicidal ideation at baseline, 1, 3, and 8 months follow-up, respectively. The EMA approach showed better performance than the baseline and baseline plus EMA approaches at 1-month follow-up (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.78-0.81) and slightly better performance on the prediction of suicidal ideation at 3 and 8 months' follow-up. In addition, the best approach predicting suicidal ideation was obtained during Lunar New Year period at 1-month follow-up, which had a mean AUC of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74-0.79) and better performance at 3 and 8 months' follow-up (AUC, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.72-0.76 and AUC, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.69-0.74, respectively). The findings in this study emphasize the importance of contextual risk factors experienced by sexual and gender minority individuals at different stages. The use of machine learning may facilitate the identification of individuals who are at risk and aid in the development of personalized process-based early prevention programs to mitigate future suicide risk.

A Study on Locus of Hope and Suicide Ideation among Undergraduate Students in the Philippines

Last Academic Year 2021-2022, an alarming total of 2,147 students attempted suicide when most schools were still closed due to the pandemic as reported by the Philippine Daily Inquirer [1]. This study gained insight into suicide ideation among undergraduate students across the country anchoring Bernardo’s extended hope theory [7] of Snyder [8] with the premise that blockage towards the goal pathway may lead to suicide ideation among individuals with perceived low hope. The data were collected online (N=128) through Google Forms. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses of data were used. Results have shown a negative relationship between undergraduate students’ external locus of hope and suicide ideation. The likelihood of suicide ideation decreases by (-0.44 as predicted by EXT-PA; -0.62 as predicted by EXT-PE, and -0.79 as predicted by EXT-SP). Internal locus of hope (INT) on the other hand, does not predict suicide ideation. A high level of hope and a low level of suicide ideation were reported at the time of data collection. Proposed interventions to universities or colleges are recommended to further increase or maintain the hope level of undergraduate students as well as lessen or keep their suicide ideation at bay.

Prediction of suicidal ideation in children and adolescents using machine learning and deep learning algorithm: A case study in South Korea where suicide is the leading cause of death

BackgroundKorea has the highest suicide rate among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Consequently, central and local governments and private organizations in Korea cooperate in promoting various suicide prevention projects to actively respond to suicide problems. Machine learning has been used to predict suicidal ideation in the fields of health and medicine but not from a social science perspective. ObjectiveSince suicidal ideation is a major predictor of suicide attempts, being able to anticipate and mitigate it helps prevent suicide. Therefore, this study presents a data-based analysis method for predicting suicidal thoughts quickly and effectively and suggests countermeasures against the causes of suicidal thoughts. Participants and methodsTo predict early signs of suicidal ideation in children and adolescents, big data collected for approximately 4 years (from 2017 to 2020) from the Korea Youth Policy Institute (NYPI) were used. To accurately predict suicidal ideation, supervised ma- chine learning classification algorithms such as logistic regression, random forest, XGBoost, multilayer perceptron (MLP), and convolutional neural network (CNN) were used. ResultsUsing CNN, suicidal ideation was predicted with an accuracy of approximately 90 %. The logistic regression results showed that sadness and depression increased suicidal thoughts by more than 25 times, and anxiety, loneliness, and experience of abusive language increased suicidal thoughts by more than three times. ConclusionsMachine learning and deep learning approaches have the potential to predict and respond to suicidal thoughts in children, adolescents, and the general population, as well as help respond to the suicide crisis by preemptively identifying the cause.

Existential meaninglessness as a predictor of suicidal ideation and loneliness during COVID-19

Previous research revealed that decreased meaning in life significantly interprets suicide ideation and loneliness. However, given that existential meaninglessness has been conceptualized as a tripartite model, it remains unclear the relationship between existential meaninglessness and suicidal ideation and loneliness, and whether the three facets of existential meaninglessness have different explanatory effects on suicidal ideation and loneliness. To address these issues, the present study recruited 1188 Chinese college students aged 17–28 years, who completed measures of existential meaninglessness, suicide ideation, and loneliness. Results showed that: (1) existential meaninglessness and its three facets are significantly and positively associated with suicidal ideation and loneliness, (2) the explanatory effects of facets of existential meaninglessness on suicidal ideation and loneliness are different, and (3) both concern and anxiety dimension, the insignificance facet of existential meaninglessness accounted for additional significant variance above and beyond the other facets of existential meaninglessness in suicidal ideation but not in loneliness. These findings suggest that it is important to examine the relationship between meaninglessness and suicidal ideation and loneliness from a multifaceted construct, lending support to the tripartite model of existential meaninglessness, and providing recommendations for relevant intervention practices.

Discrimination, stigmatisation et identité : une revue de littérature

ObjectiveThis study aimed to update the scientific knowledge concerning the relationship between discrimination, stigma and self-concept. MethodsA review was conducted and allowed to include 15 peer-reviewed articles for qualitative analysis, consisting of 13 unique samples (n=2830; Mage=37.6). The search was conducted on Pubmed and PsychInfo following this research protocol: “de stigmatization” ([Title/Abstract] or “destigmatization” [Title/Abstract] or “self-stigma” [Title/Abstract] or “Perceived stigma” [Title/Abstract] or “anticipated discrimination” [Title/Abstract] or “experienced discrimination” [Title/Abstract]) and (identi*[Title] or “self-concept” [Title]). The search resulted in 43 articles, plus three articles identified from other sources. Thirty-one articles were excluded because they did not align with the aim of the review. ResultsAmong the 15 articles included, there were 11 quantitative studies, two qualitative studies, one literature review and one theoretical article. The stigma was related to a mental disorder (n=8), a physiological or ethnic difference (n=5) or sexual orientation and gender identity (n=2). Among the 11 quantitative studies based on unique samples, all included both males and females (n=2616; Mage=36.7; 61.1% of women). Four studies established a significant impact of perceived stigma on social identity. This impact was negative when there was at least one other parallel social identity perceived favorably by the individual, and positive otherwise. In two studies, this impact was moderated by the importance of the stigmatized social identity in the self-concept. In one study, social identity was correlated to psychological distress. The sign, positive or negative, of this correlation depended on self-stigma. When self-stigma was high (i.e., self-concept is strongly perceived through the prism of negative stereotypes associated with the social identity), then social identity was positively associated with psychological distress. Otherwise, the sign of this association was negative. In one study, four distinct variables were predictors of suicidal ideation: experienced discrimination, perceived stigma, anticipated discrimination and self-stigma. Experienced discrimination predicted suicidal ideation through anticipatory discrimination and self-stigma; and perceived stigma predicted suicidal ideation through anticipated discrimination. Self-stigma and anticipatory discrimination predicted suicidal ideation at the same level. ConclusionsThe results suggest that a key variable to address in order to reduce the negative consequences of discrimination and stigmatization is self-stigma, i.e., the fact of conceiving the self-concept through the filter of the negative stereotypes associated with the characteristic perceived as discriminated. The altered self-concept should therefore be a main transnosographic diagnostic and therapeutic target. An easy-to-use proxy to detect the altered self-concept is the propensity to feel the emotion of shame, which is correlated to self-stigma.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Depression as a Predictor of Suicidal Ideation Among Undergraduate Students In Private University

This paper explores the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and perception of depression and its potential role as a predictor of suicidal ideation among undergraduate students at Babcock University. Suicide rates among young adults have been a growing concern, and understanding the factors contributing to suicidal ideation is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. The study employs a quantitative research design and collects data through a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of undergraduate students. The questionnaire assesses participants' knowledge of depression, attitudes toward mental health, perception of depression, and the presence of suicidal ideation. The findings revealed that; Undergraduate students have positive knowledge of depression as a predictor of suicidal ideation with an average of 60.7% which is below expectation. There is a negative level of attitude towards depression as a predictor of suicidal ideation among the students with an average of 48%. There is a positive perception of undergraduate students about depression as a predictor of suicidal ideation with an average of 75.1%. There is a significant and positive relationship between depression and suicidal ideation with an average of 68.5%.&#x0D; Moreover, individuals with lower levels of knowledge, negative attitudes, and misconceptions about depression are more likely to experience suicidal ideation. The study highlights the importance of targeted educational programs that enhance mental health literacy, promote positive attitudes toward mental health, and challenge misconceptions surrounding depression. Implementation of such interventions can potentially reduce the prevalence of suicidal ideation among undergraduate students and foster a more supportive campus environment. Further research is warranted to explore additional factors that contribute to suicidal ideation and to validate the effectiveness of targeted interventions in reducing the risk of suicide among young adults.

Predictors of Suicidal Ideation During Residential Substance Use Treatment.

Background: Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) and co-occurring chronic health and/or psychiatric conditions face unique challenges in treatment and may be at a greater risk for suicidal ideation relative to persons with SUD alone.Methods: In a sample of individuals entering residential SUD treatment in 2019 and 2020 (N = 10,242), we tested adjusted and unadjusted associations between suicidal ideation and (1) psychiatric symptoms and (2) chronic health conditions at treatment intake and during treatment using logistic and generalized logistic models.Results: Over a third of the sample endorsed suicidal ideation at intake, though the prevalence of suicidal ideation decreased during treatment. In both adjusted and unadjusted models, individuals who reported past-month self-harm, those who reported a lifetime suicide attempt, and individuals who screened positive for co-occurring anxiety, depression, and/or posttraumatic stress disorder were at elevated risk of endorsing suicidal ideation at intake and during treatment (P values < .001). In unadjusted models, chronic pain (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, P < .001) and hepatitis C virus (OR = 1.65, P < .001) were associated with an elevated risk for suicidal ideation at intake, and chronic pain was associated with elevated risk for suicidal ideation during treatment (OR = 1.59, P < .001).Conclusions: Increasing accessibility to integrated treatments (ie, those that address psychiatric and chronic health conditions) for patients experiencing suicidal ideation may be beneficial in residential SUD treatment settings. Developing predictive models to identify those most at risk of suicidal ideation in real time remains a relevant direction for future work.