Predictors Of Training Success Research Articles

GUIDELINES FOR THE COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT OF TRAINERS IN THE PLASTICS MOLDING INJECTION FACTORIES IN THAILAND

Objective: The aim of this research is to develop guidelines for the competency development of trainers in plastics molding injection factories (PMIF) in Thailand. Theoretical Framework: A mixed-methods framework is adopted, integrating quantitative data through statistical analyses like means, standard deviations, and regression, alongside qualitative insights from interviews. The framework explores relationships by combining numerical trends with thematic patterns for a comprehensive understanding. Method: The study population comprises 284 operators and 14 trainers. Data is collected through quantitative and qualitative approaches, including questionnaires and interviews, with statistical analysis applied using percentages, means, standard deviations, relationship analysis, and stepwise multiple linear regression. Results and Discussion: Guidelines for trainer competency development in PMIF in Thailand focus on three key areas—knowledge, skills, and attitude. Four sub-competencies in the knowledge domain influence training success: knowledge in 1) Teaching Psychology, 2) Trainers' Attitudes, 3) Behavior and Work Analysis, 4) Training and Counseling. In the skills domain, significant sub-competencies include: 1) Teaching Skills, 2) Listening Skills, 3) Computer Proficiency, 4) Behavior and Work Analysis Skills. The significant sub-competencies of the attitude domain include: attitudes toward 1) Modern Research, 2) Trainees' Intentions, 3) Teaching Psychology, 4) Trainers' Attitudes. Research Implications: Guidelines to enhance trainer competency in Thailand's plastics molding injection industry are provided. Findings influence training programs, workforce development, and industry productivity. Originality/Value: Key sub-competencies that predict training success are identified in the areas of knowledge, skills, and attitude. Structured approaches to enhance training success are provided, impacting professional practice and training outcomes in industrial settings.

Efficacy of cognitive training on cognition, symptoms and functioning: Impact of motivation and attendance

While cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) and compensatory strategy training both have large literature bases supporting their efficacy on both proximal and distal outcomes, the research base on stand-alone cognitive training (CT) is smaller and less consistent, with little information about factors associated with better outcomes. In this study, we examined the efficacy of CT on training task, cognitive, symptom, and functional ability measures as well as the impact of motivational interviewing (MI), motivation level, and session attendance on treatment outcomes. Adults with psychotic spectrum disorders (n = 114) were randomized to MI or a sham control interview (CI), followed by 4 months of computerized CT. In whole sample analyses, participants improved on training tasks, cognitive performance, and psychiatric symptoms, but self-reported cognition, self-reported depression, and functional ability did not change. Compared to CI, MI was associated with greater reductions in self-reported depressive symptoms. Motivation level and session attendance did not significantly influence outcomes. Findings support the efficacy of CT on several key outcomes, and its simplicity may be advantageous in uptake in community clinics with limited staffing. The lack of functional gains underscores the need to incorporate treatment ingredients that promote generalization and real-world implementation of learned skills. We also speculate that engagement during course of training may be a better predictor of training success than baseline task-specific motivation.

Pride & prejudice: A scoping review of LGBTQ + medical trainee experiences

Purpose LGBTQ + medical trainees experience significant discrimination. These individuals are stigmatized within a hetero- and cis-normative system, resulting in poorer outcomes in mental health and increased stress regarding career trajectory compared with their hetero- and cis-identifying counterparts. However, literature on the barriers experienced during medical training in this marginalized group is limited to small heterogeneous studies. This scoping review collates and explores prominent themes in existing literature on the personal and professional outcomes of LGBTQ + medical trainees. Methods We searched five library databases (SCOPUS, Ovid-Medline, ERIC, PsycINFO and EMBASE) for studies that investigated LGBTQ + medical trainees’ academic, personal, or professional outcomes. Screening and full text review were performed in duplicate, and all authors participated in thematic analysis to determine emerging themes, which were iteratively reviewed to consensus. Results From 1809 records, 45 met inclusion criteria (κ = 0.57). Major themes that emerged in the literature included the prevalence of discrimination and mistreatment faced by LGBTQ + medical trainees from colleagues and superiors, concerns regarding disclosure of sexual and/or gender minority identity, and overall negative impacts on mental health including higher rates of depression, substance use, and suicidal ideation. There was a noted lack of inclusivity in medical education and having an LGBTQ + identity had a large impact on career trajectory. Community with peers and mentors was an important determinant of success and belonging. There was a noteworthy lack of research on intersectionality or positive interventions that improved outcomes for this population. Conclusion This scoping review highlighted important barriers facing LGBTQ + medical trainees, identifying substantial gaps in the existing literature. Research on supportive interventions and predictors of training success is lacking and will be important to foster an inclusive education system. These findings provide critical insights for education leaders and researchers to help create and evaluate inclusive and empowering environments for trainees.

Dog and owner characteristics predict training success.

Teaching owners how to train their dogs is an important part of maintaining the health and safety of dogs and people. Yet we do not know what behavioral characteristics of dogs and their owners are relevant to dog training or if owner cognitive abilities play a role in training success. The aim of this study is to determine which characteristics of both dogs and owners predict success in completing the American Kennel Club Canine Good Citizen training program. Before the first session of a dog training course, owners completed surveys evaluating the behavior and cognition of their dog and themselves. Additionally, we collected the dogs' initial training levels via behavioral tasks. We then examined what factors predicted whether the dogs passed the Canine Good Citizen test after the class ended. In terms of dog characteristics, we found that, while dog age, sex and neuter status did not predict success, owner-rated levels of disobedience did predict completion of the program. In terms of owner characteristics, owners who scored higher on cognitive measures were more likely to have their dogs complete the program. Finally, dog-owner characteristics such as the time spent training predicted success. Thus, characteristics of the dogs, owners, and how they interact seem to predict training success. These findings suggest that there are some owner, dog, and dog-owner characteristics that can facilitate or hinder dog training.

Cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation in the gamma range applied during the acquisition of a novel motor skill

The development of novel strategies to augment motor training success is of great interest for healthy persons and neurological patients. A promising approach is the combination of training with transcranial electric stimulation. However, limited reproducibility and varying effect sizes make further protocol optimization necessary. We tested the effects of a novel cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation protocol (tACS) on motor skill learning. Furthermore, we studied underlying mechanisms by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation and analysis of fMRI-based resting-state connectivity. N = 15 young, healthy participants were recruited. 50 Hz tACS was applied to the left cerebellum in a double-blind, sham-controlled, cross-over design concurrently to the acquisition of a novel motor skill. Potential underlying mechanisms were assessed by studying short intracortical inhibition at rest (SICIrest) and in the premovement phase (SICImove), intracortical facilitation at rest (ICFrest), and seed-based resting-state fMRI-based functional connectivity (FC) in a hypothesis-driven motor learning network. Active stimulation did not enhance skill acquisition or retention. Minor effects on striato-parietal FC were present. Linear mixed effects modelling identified SICImove modulation and baseline task performance as the most influential determining factors for predicting training success. Accounting for the identified factors may allow to stratify participants for future training-based interventions.

Lower cognitive baseline scores predict cognitive training success after 6 months in healthy older adults: Results of an online RCT.

Identifying predictors for general cognitive training (GCT) success in healthy older adults has many potential uses, including aiding intervention and improving individual dementia risk prediction, which are of high importance in health care. However, the factors that predict training improvements and the temporal course of predictors (eg, do the same prognostic factors predict training success after a short training period, such as 6 weeks, as well as after a longer training period, such as 6 months?) are largely unknown. Data (N = 4,184 healthy older individuals) from two arms (GCT vs. control) of a three-arm randomized controlled trial were reanalyzed to investigate predictors of GCT success in five cognitive tasks (grammatical reasoning, spatial working memory, digit vigilance, paired association learning, and verbal learning) at three time points (after 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months of training). Possible investigated predictors were sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms, number of training sessions, cognitive baseline values, and all interaction terms (group*predictor). Being female was predictive for improvement in grammatical reasoning at 6 weeks in the GCT group, and lower cognitive baseline scores were predictive for improvement in spatial working memory and verbal learning at 6 months. Our data indicate that predictors seem to change over time; remarkably, lower baseline performance at study entry is only a significant predictor at 6 months training. Possible reasons for these results are discussed in relation to the compensation hypothesis. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:-, 2020.

Functional connectivity of the Precuneus reflects effectiveness of visual restitution training in chronic hemianopia

Visual field defects in chronic hemianopia can improve through visual restitution training, yet not all patients benefit equally from this long and exhaustive procedure. Here, we asked if resting-state functional connectivity prior to visual restitution could predict training success. In two training sessions of eight weeks each, 20 patients with chronic hemianopia performed a visual discrimination task by directing spatial selective attention towards stimuli presented in either hemifield, while suppressing eye movements. We examined two effects: a sensitivity change in the attended (trained) minus the unattended (control) hemifield (i.e., a training-specific improvement), and an overall improvement (i.e., a total change in sensitivity after both sessions). We then identified five visual resting-state networks and evaluated their functional connectivity in relation to both training effects. We found that the functional connectivity strength between the anterior Precuneus and the Occipital Pole Network was positively related to the attention modulated (i.e., training-specific) improvement. No such relationship was found for the overall improvement or for the other visual networks of interest. Our finding suggests that the anterior Precuneus plays a role in attention-modulated visual field improvements. The resting-state functional connectivity between the anterior Precuneus and the Occipital Pole Network may thus serve as an imaging-based biomarker that quantifies a patient's potential capacity to direct spatial attention. This may help to identify hemianopia patients that are most likely to benefit from visual restitution training.

Application of heart rate changes associated with behavior test to predict training success of guide dogs

Application of heart rate changes associated with behavior test to predict training success of guide dogs

Computerized Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults: Baseline Cognitive Level and Subjective Cognitive Concerns Predict Training Outcome

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) can improve cognition in older adults. However, specific programs for this target group have rarely been developed, and predictors of training success are largely unclear. In a randomized controlled pilot trial, we examined effects of a six-week CCT, tailored to the cognitive profile of healthy older adults (EG, n = 21) as compared to a nonspecific CCT (CG, n = 18) matched in frequency and intensity. No interaction effects between Group and Time were found. However, within-group analysis showed significant gains in verbal and non-verbal memory, executive and visuospatial functions and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) in the EG, while the CG only benefitted in non-verbal memory and set-shifting. Low cognitive performance and lower SCC at baseline were the most consistent predictors of cognitive gains in the EG. Thus, CCTs specifically tailored to older adults seem advantageous compared to non-specific CCT. Further, we conclude that SCC may be related to reduced cognitive plasticity.

Computerized Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults: Baseline Cognitive Level and Subjective Cognitive Concerns Predict Training Outcome

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) can improve cognition in older adults. However, specific programs for this target group have rarely been developed, and predictors of training success are largely unclear. In a randomized controlled pilot trial, we examined effects of a six-week CCT, tailored to the cognitive profile of healthy older adults (EG, n = 21) as compared to a nonspecific CCT (CG, n = 18) matched in frequency and intensity. No interaction effects between Group and Time were found. However, within-group analysis showed significant gains in verbal and non-verbal memory, executive and visuospatial functions and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) in the EG, while the CG only benefitted in non-verbal memory and set-shifting. Low cognitive performance and lower SCC at baseline were the most consistent predictors of cognitive gains in the EG. Thus, CCTs specifically tailored to older adults seem advantageous compared to non-specific CCT. Further, we conclude that SCC may be related to reduced cognitive plasticity.

On the road to becoming a responsible leader: A simulation-based training approach for final year medical students.

Background and objective: There is a need for young physicians to take a responsible role in clinical teams, comparable to a leadership role. However, today’s medical curricula barely consider the development of leadership competencies. Acquisition of leadership skills are currently a by-product of medical education, even though it seems to be a competency relevant for physicians’ success. Therefore, an innovative leadership training program for young physicians was developed and validated. Training conceptualisation were based upon findings of critical incidents interviews (N=19) with relevant personnel (e.g. experienced doctors/nurses, residents) and upon evidence-based leadership contents focusing on ethical leadership behaviors. Method: The training consists of four sessions (3-4 hours each) and provided evidence-based lectures of leadership theory and effective leader behaviors, interactive training elements and a simulation-based approach with professional role players focusing on interprofessional collaboration with care staff. Training evaluation was assessed twice after completion of the program (N=37). Assessments included items from validated and approved evaluation instruments regarding diverse learning outcomes (satisfaction/reaction, learning, self-efficacy, and application/transfer) and transfer indicators. Furthermore, training success predictors were assessed based on stepwise regression analysis. In addition, long-term trainings effects and behavioral changes were analysed. Results: Various learning outcomes are achieved (self-reported training satisfaction, usefulness of the content and learning effects) and results show substantial transfer effects of the training contents and a strengthened awareness for the leadership role (e.g. self-confidence, ideas dealing with work-related problems in a role as responsible physician). We identified competence of trainer, training of applied tools, awareness of job expectations, and the opportunity to learn from experiences of other participants as predictors of training success. Additionally, we found long-term training effects and participants reported an increase in specific competencies, relevant for effective interprofessional collaboration (active perspective-taking, communication, conflict management, personal competencies).Conclusion: The training of leadership competencies for young physicians seems feasible to develop constructive influence strategies for a successful interprofessional collaboration in early career stages. The simulation-based approach is beneficial for residents to practice leadership behaviour in realistic job situations.

Local Dynamics in Trained Recurrent Neural Networks.

Learning a task induces connectivity changes in neural circuits, thereby changing their dynamics. To elucidate task-related neural dynamics, we study trained recurrent neural networks. We develop a mean field theory for reservoir computing networks trained to have multiple fixed point attractors. Our main result is that the dynamics of the network's output in the vicinity of attractors is governed by a low-order linear ordinary differential equation. The stability of the resulting equation can be assessed, predicting training success or failure. As a consequence, networks of rectified linear units and of sigmoidal nonlinearities are shown to have diametrically different properties when it comes to learning attractors. Furthermore, a characteristic time constant, which remains finite at the edge of chaos, offers an explanation of the network's output robustness in the presence of variability of the internal neural dynamics. Finally, the proposed theory predicts state-dependent frequency selectivity in the network response.

Using a Multidimensional Pairwise Preference Measure of Personality to Predict Training Success of Air Traffic Control Specialists

Studies have shown that cognitive ability relates to success in training as an air traffic control specialist (ATCS). The relationship between measures of personality and success in ATCS training is less clear. An area of concern is that personality tests are susceptible to faking and that job applicants may respond in a socially desirable manner to increase their odds of being hired (Paulhus, 2002). Personality measures that use a multidimensional pairwise preference item format tend to be fake-resistant (Underhill, Bearden, & Chen, 2008), leading to renewed interest in the use of personality assessments in personnel hiring. We report an initial assessment of one such measure, the Tailored Adaptive Personality Assessment System-Federal Aviation Administration for predicting success of ATCS trainees in Academy training. We found personality facets to account for an additional three to four percent of the variance in training success of individuals over a measure of cognitive ability.

Cognitive training with and without additional physical activity in healthy older adults: cognitive effects, neurobiological mechanisms, and prediction of training success.

Data is inconsistent concerning the question whether cognitive-physical training (CPT) yields stronger cognitive gains than cognitive training (CT). Effects of additional counseling, neurobiological mechanisms, and predictors have scarcely been studied. Healthy older adults were trained with CT (n = 20), CPT (n = 25), or CPT with counseling (CPT+C; n = 23). Cognition, physical fitness, BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF were assessed at pre- and post-test. No interaction effects were found except for one effect showing that CPT+C led to stronger gains in verbal fluency than CPT (p = 0.03). However, this superiority could not be assigned to additional physical training gains. Low baseline cognitive performance and BDNF, not carrying apoE4, gains in physical fitness and the moderation of gains in physical fitness × gains in BDNF predicted training success. Although all types of interventions seem successful to enhance cognition, our data do not support the hypotheses that CPT shows superior CT gains compared to CT or that CPT+C adds merit to CPT. However, as CPT leads to additional gains in physical fitness which in turn is known to have positive impact on cognition in the long-term, CPT seems more beneficial. Training success can partly be predicted by neuropsychological, neurobiological, and genetic parameters. Unique Identifier: WHO ICTRP (http://www.who.int/ictrp); ID: DRKS00005194.

Getting Better at Developing the Best: Predictors of Training Success for Military Graduate Program in Nutrition Students

Getting Better at Developing the Best: Predictors of Training Success for Military Graduate Program in Nutrition Students

ADHERENCE TO DISCRETE‐TRIAL INSTRUCTION PROCEDURES BY RURAL PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders may not attempt treatment, even when effective treatment options are available. Little is known about how to improve frequency of attempts to implement treatment (‘treatment adherence’). We provided 32 rural parents of young children with autism spectrum disorders with either written or video training materials about how to implement discrete‐trial instruction and compared parental adherence between the written (control) and video (experimental) groups. Parents who received video instructions adhered to the training procedures to a significantly greater extent than did parents who received written instructions, suggesting that instruction format is a predictor of training success. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Validity of Specific Cognitive Abilities for the Prediction of Training Success in Germany

General mental ability (GMA) has long been considered one of the best predictors of training success and considerably better than specific cognitive abilities (SCAs). Recently, however, researchers have provided evidence that SCAs may be of similar importance for training success, a finding supporting personnel selection based on job-related requirements. The present meta-analysis therefore seeks to assess validities of SCAs for training success in various occupations in a sample of German primary studies. Our meta-analysis (k = 72) revealed operational validities between ρ = .18 and ρ = .26 for different SCAs. Furthermore, results varied by occupational category, supporting a job-specific benefit of SCAs.

The Training Evaluation Inventory (TEI) - Evaluation of Training Design and Measurement of Training Outcomes for Predicting Training Success

Training evaluation in research and organisational contexts is vital to ensure informed decisions regarding the value of training. The present study describes the development of a valid and reliable training evaluation inventory (TEI), as it does not exist so far. The objectives were a) to construct an instrument that is theoretically and empirically founded, but at the same time applicable within typical organisational constraints, and b) to include the assessment and perception of training design as a formative evaluation aspect. Based on previous research, ten scales were constructed, covering the training outcome dimensions subjective enjoyment, perceived usefulness, perceived difficulty, subjective knowledge gain, and attitude towards training, as well as the training design dimensions problem-based learning, activation, demonstration, application, and integration. Reliabilities of the scales were satisfactory. Data from two training studies show that the training outcome dimensions were related to external training outcome measures, underlining the validity of the TEI. Two survey samples were used to predict training outcomes based on training design. Demonstration, application, and integration emerged as the most important design dimensions. The TEI is applicable in both training research projects and in organisational contexts. It can be used for formative and summative training evaluation purposes.

Using Biodata to Select Air Traffic Controllers

Biodata factors were examined as predictors of training performance for candidate air traffic control specialists (ATCSs). These factors, which have been shown to predict controller training performance in previous research, were highest educational degree achieved, grade point average both in high school overall and in high school math courses, aviation operations experience, pilot licenses held, and age. Results from logistic regression analyses were only partially supportive of previous research. Age was the most consistent (inverse) predictor of training success. Most of the other factors did not predict training success. Differences between these results and previous research might be attributed to differences in the criterion measures, samples, and generational differences. Overall, the evidence for using the assessed biodata factors for selection was weak. We suggested that a new biodata instrument be developed to assess and identify experiences to predict performance of the next generation of controllers.

Can a standardised aptitude test predict the training success of apprentices? Evidence from a case study in Switzerland

Empirical research in vocational education and training 3 (2011) 2, S. 105-128 Padagogische Teildisziplin: Empirische Bildungsforschung; Berufs- und Wirtschaftspadagogik; als elektronischer Volltext verfugbar