Predecessor Systems Research Articles

Incongruities in recently revised radiofrequency exposure guidelines and standards

The currently promulgated RF exposure guidelines and standards cover the entire range of RF radiation and apply predominantly to restrict RF-induced short-term heating and in guarding against raising tissue temperatures, including the 5G frequencies. There are substantial abnormalities in these putative health safety protection guidelines and standards. Some of the safety limits are irrelevant, debatable, and absent of scientific justification from the standpoint of safety and public health protection. Also, the cellular mobile 5G technology is hailed as a speedier and more secure wireless communication technology than its predecessor systems. The key supporting architecture uses millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and antenna array technology to achieve better directivity, lower latency, and elevated data transmission rates. For radiation protection, it is not obvious whether the health effects of 5G mm-wave radiations would be analogous or not to radiations from previous generations (which was classified as possibly carcinogenic in humans by IARC). The interaction of mm-waves with the structure and function of pertinent cellular elements and cutaneous neuroreceptors in the skin are of special concern. The current scientific database is inadequate at mm wavelengths to render a trustworthy appraisal or to reach a judgment with confidence.

Метод Теодороса Терзопулоса как самостоятельная актерская школа

The author analyses the basic principles of the theatrical method of the Greek director Theodoros Terzopoulos, founder of the Athenian theatre, “Attis,” within the stage director’s attitude towards thephysicality of an actor, in connection to the relation between body and emotion, and, what is even more important, in the process of actor’s training. Considering the example of Theodoros Terzopoulos’ performances and based on his words about the main ideas of his methodology, the article analyzes the specificity of movement and actor’s existence via this method from the director’s philosophical point of view that includes the epoch, the man, and the issues of theatre and actor. The author makes comparisons between Terzopoulos’s system and other theatre systems (such of E. G. Kreg, A. Arthaud, E. Grotowski). Theodoros Terzopoulos’ method is formed on the border of the predecessor systems – from Meyerhold to Muller, oriental bodily and religious practices, however, at the same time it represents a unique form of theatrical aesthetics and provides an independent direction for the education of an actor. This methodology can be assessed as a self-sufficient acting school. Although his method is not typical in Russian theatre practice, it does not become an obstacle to its incorporation into Russian theatrical practice. Terzopoulos' trainings can help an actor to learn how to create what is called the scale of emotion. The rituality of his theatre teaches the actor to deal with non-normative aesthetics, and a deep study of the human body and its unconscious behavior and instincts can allow the actor to exist convincingly in the most aggravated and extreme stage circumstances.

EVOLUCIÓN Y FUTURO DEL BLOCKCHAIN: DE LAS CRIPTOMONEDAS A LAS APLICACIONES INDUSTRIALES

As is well known, in 2009 the first article on the Bitcoin concept as an electronic transaction system "A peer-to-peer Electronic Cash System" [1] appeared, which, unlike other predecessor systems, brings the great novelty of being based on a transaction history or "Ledger" following the Blockchain concept [2]. We can consider Bitcoin as digital hard money or as its white paper [1] (Nakamoto's article) says: "An electronic cash system".

Human-machine system optimization in nuclear facility systems

Present computing power and enhanced technology is progressing at a dramatic rate. These systems can unravel complex issues, assess and control processes, learn, and—in many cases—fully automate production. There is no doubt that technological advancement is improving many aspects of life, changing the landscape of virtually all industries and enhancing production beyond what was thought possible. However, the human is still a part of these systems. Consequently, as the advancement of systems transpires, the role of humans within those systems will unavoidably continue to adapt as well. Due to the human tendency for error, this technological advancement should compel a persistent emphasis on human error reduction as part of maximizing system efficiency and safety—especially in the context of the nuclear industry. Within this context, as new systems are designed and the role of the human is transformed, human error should be targeted for a significant decrease relative to predecessor systems and an equivalent increase in system stability and safety. This article contends that optimizing the roles of humans and machines in the design and implementation of new types of automation in nuclear facility systems should involve human error reduction without ignoring the essential importance of human interaction within those systems.

Low-Profile Intra-Aneurysmal Flow Disruptor WEB 17 versus WEB Predecessor Systems for Treatment of Small Intracranial Aneurysms: Comparative Analysis of Procedural Safety and Feasibility

The Woven EndoBridge 17 has recently been introduced to the market for facilitated endovascular treatment of small bifurcation aneurysms (≤7 mm) with low-profile microcatheters. We compared the Woven EndoBridge 17 with its predecessor versions in terms of procedural safety and feasibility. This was a multicenter review of aneurysms ranging from 3 to 7 mm treated with the Woven EndoBridge between 2011 and 2019. Aneurysm characteristics, procedural parameters, and complications were retrospectively compared between treatment with the Woven EndoBridge 17 and a control group that was treated with its predecessor versions, using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Thirty-eight aneurysms treated with a Woven EndoBridge 17 (mean size, 4.9 ± 1.5 mm) and 70 treated with a predecessor version of the Woven EndoBridge 17 (mean size, 5.6 ± 1.4 mm) were included. The predecessor version of the Woven EndoBridge 17 had a higher failure rate (10.3%) than the Woven EndoBridge 17 (0%, P = .05). Additional stent placement was performed more often with the predecessor version of the Woven EndoBridge 17 (10.0%) than with the Woven EndoBridge 17 (2.6%, adjusted P = .005). The predecessor version of the Woven EndoBridge 17 was associated with a higher thromboembolic event rate (14.3%) than the Woven EndoBridge 17 (5.3%, adjusted P = .002). Neurologic complications (Woven EndoBridge 17: 2.6%; predecessor version of the Woven EndoBridge 17: 2.9%, adjusted P = 1.0) and immediate complete aneurysm occlusion rates (Woven EndoBridge 17: 57.9%; predecessor version of the Woven EndoBridge 17: 54.3%, adjusted P = .21) did not differ significantly between groups. In the current study, the Woven EndoBridge 17 was associated with a potentially lower thromboembolic event rate than the predecessor version of the Woven EndoBridge 17, without compromising the immediate aneurysm occlusion rate. Long-term clinical and angiographic outcome analysis will be necessary to draw a definite conclusion.

Factors Impacting the Implementation of Enterprise Content Management Systems

Enterprise content management (ECM) is a new and fast growing area. It is still undergoing the same defining process as predecessor systems such as decision support and enterprise resource systems. A qualitative case study was conducted to identify key factors that impact the success of ECM systems implementations. A theoretical framework was developed from the information systems (ISs) literature resulting in a research model defining five categories of factors that impact ECM implementation success with these questions: Are there managerial, user, task, technological and content related factors that impact ECM implementation success? The research model was tested using a mix methods approach. Content analysis of the project documentations and interviews of 15 team leads and members that implemented ECM systems within their departments in their organization. The results included 12 factors that were supported by the interview data as well as the content analysis of related project documents.

10.3.1 The “Big Navy” Meta‐model as a Framework for Major Defense Development Projects

AbstractPatterns, frameworks, meta‐models: the utility of these tools for many systems architects and engineers is to avoid “heavy lifting”. Others will say that they use meta‐models to keep from “reinventing wheels.” Builders and structural engineers have utilized patterns, frameworks and meta‐models which include building codes and construction standards for thousands of years. In the realm of defense systems engineering, the “Mystical Land of DoDAF,” systems engineers have been slow to realize the full potential of meta‐ model applications. Instead, functional analysis teams performing work prescribed by the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) end up doing that “heavy lifting” in the course of developing JCIDS functional area, needs and solutions analyses. Analysis teams performing JCIDS Functional Area Analysis (FAA) assess hundreds of activities listed in the Universal Joint Task List (UJTL) for relevance to their functional domain. This paper does not intend to discount the importance of the review of the tasks and activities required in the FAA, yet it is highly desirable to utilize the precedent foundations provided by those functional area analysts who blazed the trail for predecessor systems currently operating within their operational domain. A systems engineering meta‐model provides such a foundation for a living engineering model from operational needs analysis through production and deployment. The framework described below, the “Big Navy” Meta‐model, is an example of one pattern that can be applied to facilitate the development of complex defense‐related systems. Systems models derived from Big Navy can be further refined over its life cycle to include requirements capture, functional analysis, architecture development, concept and engineering design and design validation which includes modeling and simulation.

Soarian™ – Workflow Management Applied for Health Care

To describe and comment on functionality and architecture of the software product Soarian developed by Siemens, to identify key differentiators to related products, and to comment on predecessor systems and beta versions. This has been done in the framework of a conference on health information systems of the IMIA. Analyzing existing literature. Site visit of a predecessor system at Haukeland Sykehus, Bergen. Pilot of a beta version at the Erlangen University Medical Center, elaborating on major characteristics in discussion rounds. Soarian is a functional comprehensive, clinically oriented software product to support health care processes and to be used for health care professional workstations. It is a software product, designed and written completely new. Three major key differentiators were identified in comparison to related software products: Soarian's workflow engine, its embedded analytics, and its 'smart' user interface. The targeted reduced installation time is stated to be 12 months or less. Soarian has good chances to become one of the major software products for health care professional workstations in the international market to support patient-centered, shared care. Its global design may help to better support and maintain national or language specific versions. The first installations of Soarian will be critical, as they will show how the system will be accepted. To use such software products efficiently, organizational aspects within hospitals as well as between health care institutions have to be considered, e.g. strategic IT planning.

Development of a micro-spectrometer system for process control application

Increasingly micro-system components are being developed using existing micro-electronics fabrication technology for a diverse range of applications. Such components are being integrated into sensor and transducer systems in telecommunications, bio-medical applications and in process control. These systems are often small and robust compared to predecessor systems and their components offer the benefits of using micro-electronic fabrication techniques. One such available component is a micro-spectrometer developed using the LIGA technique to write the system grating. Using such a spectrometer a system was developed for application in process control. This paper outlines the development of hardware and software to implement this system and some results from initial trials.

What Makes Public Administration a Science? Or, Are Its "Big Questions" Really Big?

In his recent essay in Public Administration Review, Big Questions of Public Management, Robert Behn (1995) has asked us to consider which are to be of central importance for public management. His nomination of three suitable big questions involves more than simple academic exercise of setting a future research agenda. Far more important is what nature of those questions means both to public management and to larger discipline of public administration. Professor Behn is absolutely correct when he states that any field of is defined by big questions it asks (p. 314). By way of example, he cites certain specialized areas within broad field of physics. The big questions in cosmology, for example, concern nature of Big Bang origins of universe, while in theoretical (or particle) physics, big questions concern basic composition of matter and energy. Equally important, the big questions about physics are what make it a science (p. 314). It is immediately apparent that Behn's big questions in physics concern either basic nature of things or their origins. Surely, such questions are on their very face important and worthy of investigation, but what is it about them that makes them big questions? Why should scientific character of an entire field of study or discipline be defined by such questions? Giuliano Toraldo di Francia (1981) has perhaps given answers in his analysis of place that physical sciences occupy within modern culture. He suggests that reason that mankind must attempt to answer big questions is philosophical, in that they point right to core of what it means to be a thinking human being. The ascertainment of factual structure of environment in which we live constitutes cosmology in a broad sense. Cosmology has always been associated with [physics], especially today. Etymologically it refers to birth of universe. This supreme problem is certainly always present in minds of scientists.... But today very great interest is also focused on birth of a number of much more particular systems or structures. The examples are many and varied: galaxies, stars, solar system, mountains, animal species; hence by analogy, such cultural facts as writing, language, and so on. Why do we pose these kinds of problems? Why do we presume that such questions can have sensible answers? In my opinion, this is not merely an unjustified psychological attitude or an infantile curiosity. As we shall see in many cases, facts themselves present connotations which lead us out of necessity to formulate those questions (p. 347). Toraldo di Francia's facts take form of footprints in sand. That is, when we observe existence of some physical system - a universe, a galaxy, a solar system, a nation, an economy - we are compelled to ask such questions as Why? and Whence? We are moved to search for predecessor systems or initiating interactions. Such a searching represents mature philosophical reflection (p. 348), and it is such that gives discipline in question character of a science. It may be asked whether such a search for origins or primal concepts can take place within social as well as physical sciences. Indeed, does existence of mature philosophical reflection allow social sciences to aspire to a place among real sciences? Arguments against such an inclusion have a venerable history and perhaps have been best stated by positivists, who would define a according to its empirical methods of observation, analysis, and proof. The eminent physicist, Sir James Jeans (1981), has suggested that positivist definitions for may not even be wholly satisfactory for traditional natural sciences. Besides being able to observe, measure, and predict, scientists wish to understand processes of nature. …

CAD systems: meeting the challenge of VLSI design : Semiconductor Int., 60 (March 1983)

Increasingly micro-system components are being developed using existing micro-electronics fabrication technology for a diverse range of applications. Such components are being integrated into sensor and transducer systems in telecommunications, bio-medical applications and in process control. These systems are often small and robust compared to predecessor systems and their components offer the benefits of using micro-electronic fabrication techniques. One such available component is a micro-spectrometer developed using the LIGA technique to write the system grating. Using such a spectrometer a system was developed for application in process control. This paper outlines the development of hardware and software to implement this system and some results from initial trials.

Short-term friendly and long-term hostile?

Several authors have suggested, and we are hearing some additional papers on the subject at this conference, that our computer systems should be "friendly" -- that the new user, or the infrequent user, should be able to use them quickly, without any special learning, and without any resort to written materials. My colleagues and I are responsible for a large analysis system [1, 3] that has been in active use outside its development group for about five years and which has several philosophically similar predecessor systems that go back another three or four years [4, 5, 6]. It is interactive in the sense that one of its reasons for existence is to permit the user to interact with data and tease results out of them in a variety of ways -- it has never been, nor is it derived from, a front-end to a batch system or batch thinking. Its users have ranged in skill and background from the beginning student to the professional statistician developing new techniques; from the academic researcher to the clerk in commercial environments. We draw, from this experience, some differing views on what kinds of system designs are friendly and what sorts of assumptions lead to "friendly" systems.

A Bayesian Reliability Assessment of Complex Systems for Binomial Sampling

This paper presents a reliability assessment procedure that systematically combines complete system binomial test data with lower level binomial test data obtained from either partial system or component tests. The procedure uses beta prior distributions of all reliabilities, Bayes theorem, and probability moments. The result is a posterior distribution of system reliability that can be used to determine Bayes point and interval estimates. The beta prior distributions evolve from data on predecessor systems similar to the system in question and engineering knowledge about what the various test-alternatives measure.

FILES: Automated Engineering Data Management System

One approach to engineering data base management has been presented herein. The problem is a complex one and has no apparent correct or incorrect solution. Various techniques have been tried by other investigators. Each generation brings new ideas and hopefully better approaches to engineering data management. FILES is a relatively new system that incorporates ideas from predecessor systems and includes features that were not present in the earlier systems. Among these are flexibility, a separate data definition language, a distinct data management compiler, data management execution system, and machine independence. Its use through POLO grammars is extremely simple. Grammar references to information which resides in data bases are very similar to FORTRAN data references. If one had to point to the one major advantage of using a system such as FILES, it would clearly be that the integration of independently developed modules is possible and apparently extremely effective as has been demonstrated in the development of the FINITE system.