Pre-sowing Treatment Of Seeds Research Articles

Usage of an intense electromagnetic field for pre-sowing treatment of oil radish seeds

Usage of an intense electromagnetic field for pre-sowing treatment of oil radish seeds

Efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of white lupine seeds with complex compositions based on Tebu 60 fungicide

The results of laboratory and field tests of effectiveness of the Tebu 60 protectant, ME (microemulsion) in its pure form and in tank mixtures with Humat+7 and Fitaktiv Vita against anthracnose seed infection and other diseases of lupine are presented. The research was conducted in 2020–2022 in the Bryansk region. The object of the study were the seeds, seedlings and crops of the Michurinsky white lupine variety. In laboratory conditions, biological evaluation of the effectiveness of the Tebu 60 protectant in pure form (rate of consumption – 0.5 l/t) and tank mixtures Tebu 60 + Humate+7 (0.5 + 0.5 l/t) and Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (0.5 + 0.05 l/t) against anthracnose seed infection was carried out by the number of affected seedlings grown in paper-polyethylene rolls in comparison with the control (without treatment). The tank mixture Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (100%) showed high biological efficacy against anthracnose. Moreover, this mixture significantly (LSD05 = 0.66) had the least effect on reducing the hypocotyl length of the seedlings (8.8%). The field experiment was laid down in a fourfold repetition. The plot area was 34 m2. The seeding rate was 1.0 million germinated seeds/ha. The soil of the site was gray forest soil, humus content – 2.6%. The forecrop was spring cereal crops. Seed dressing with Tebu 60 (0.5 l/t) and tank mixtures Tebu 60 + Humate+7 (0.5 + 0.5 l/t) and Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (0.5 + 0.05 l/t) were conducted one month before the sowing. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated in comparison with the control. On average, the highest biological efficacy against anthracnose seed infection was shown by the tank mixture Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (98.1%). By the shiny pod phase, the number of affected beans was 20.5% compared to 78.4% in the control. The biological efficacy against fusarium disease and rhizoctonia was 65.9 and 74.4%, respectively. The prevalence of gray rot and white rot on beans was reduced 8 and 11 times, respectively. Seed germination increased significantly (LSD05 = 0.74) by 16.2%, safety of productive plants to harvesting – by 56.5%. Reliable increase in the seed yield was 2.52 t/ha, cost recovery – 64.88 rubles.

The influence of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with molybdenum on the yield of pea grain in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Relevance. Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient element necessary for plant growth and development. In addition to the fact that molybdenum is part of hormones and enzymes, in legumes it improves nitrogen fixation and nitrogen nutrition, increases the efficiency of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, thereby increasing productivity.The purpose of this work is to assess the effect of pre–sowing seed treatment with various doses of molybdenum on the yield of pea grain.The experiments were carried out in 2019–2023 in the conditions of the Cis-Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The material for the study was the pea cultivar Pamyati Popova.Methods. An ammonium molybdate solution at a dose of 10, 25, 40, 55 g of molybdenum per 1 kg of seeds was used for pre-sowing treatment. Phenological observations, determination of the completeness of germination and plant height, analysis of the yield structure were carried out in accordance with the methodology of the state cultivar testing of agricultural crops.Results. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds of the cultivar Pamyati Popova with molybdenum at a dose of 40 and 55 g/c compared to the control resulted in a reliable (p ≤ 0.05) increase in field germination, safety of plants for harvesting, the number of nodules on 10 plants and their weight. As a result of processing pea seeds with molybdenum at doses of 25, 40 and 55 g/c, the number of beans per plant increased by 5.7–11.4%, the number of seeds per plant – by 13.2–19.5%, grain yield – by 7.3–10.7% compared with the control. Thus, in our experiments, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with molybdenum at a dose of 25–40 g/c was optimal for increasing the value of pea grain yield.

Nanosecond-pulsed plasma protects against bacterial fruit blotch and promotes melon seedling growth.

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), known as the 'cancer' of cucurbits, is a seed-borne disease of melons caused by Acidovorax citrulli. Traditional chemical treatments for BFB are ineffective and adversely affect the environment. Using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) nanosecond-pulsed plasma technology, melon seeds were treated to promote germination and growth and to control BFB. Based on the evaluation parameters of seed germination, seedling growth, leaf yellowing and bacterial infection after seed plasma treatments, 9 min at 20 kV was selected as the optimal plasma discharge parameter. In this study, seedling growth was significantly improved after treating melon seeds carrying A. citrulli using this discharge parameter. The number of first true leaves measured on the eighth day was 2.3 times higher and the disease index was reduced by 60.5% compared to the control group. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared measurements show that plasma treatments penetrate the seed coat and denature polysaccharides and proteins in the seed kernel, affecting their growth and sterilization properties. Pre-sowing treatment of melon seeds carrying A. citrulli using nanosecond-pulsed plasma technology can effectively control seedling BFB disease and promote melon seedling growth by optimizing DBD parameters. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Impact of biological fungicides on the formation and functioning of symbiotic system soybean–Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Background. In order to reduce the negative impact of mineral fertilizers and pesticides on agroecosystems, environmentally friendly plant protection systems are increasingly being utilized in soybean cultivation technologies. These systems aim to provide essential nutrients to plants while minimizing ecological harm. Materials and Methods. In vegetative studies, the processes of formation and functioning of symbiotic systems in soybeans with active strains of nodulating bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum (РC07, PC09, B78, B144) were investigated under the influence of pre-sowing seed treatment with the biofungicides Mycosan-N and Phytocide-r. Microbiological, physiological, statistical methods, and gas chromatography were employed in the research. Results. The impact of biological fungicides on the nodulation activity of nodule bacteria has been identified. It was determined that with comprehensive treatment of soybean seeds with B. japonicum РC07 and Mycosan-N, the mass of nodules formed on the roots exceeded that of the control plants by 7‒22 %, and under the influence of Phytocide-r, the mass was lower by 6‒20 % throughout the vegetation period. With the combined application of B. japonicum PC09 and Mycosan-N, a decrease in the number of root nodules by 8‒25 % and a reduction in their mass by 18‒35 % was observed throughout the vegetation period. Under the influence of Phytocide-r, with the inoculation of rhizobia strain PC09, the number of nodules was lower compared to the control plants only in the full flowering stage. At the same time, the reduction in their mass was 6‒20 % throughout the entire observation period. A stimulating effect of both biofungicides on the formation of the symbiotic apparatus involving strains B. japonicum B78 and B144 has been identified. With the combined application of B. japonicum РC07 and Phytocide-r, nitrogenase activity of symbiotic systems decreased by 7 % only in the stage of three true leaves compared to plants whose seeds were treated only with rhizobia. The nitrogenase activity of symbiotic systems formed with the participation of B. japonicum B78 and under the influence of Mycosan-N increased by 28 %, 15 %, and 12 % in the stages of three true leaves, budding, and full flowering, respectively. The action of Phytocide-r, with the inoculation by the nodule bacteria B78, resulted in an increase in nitrogenase activity by 14 % only in the budding stage. Under the comprehensive treatment of soybean seeds with involved biofungicides and B. japonicum B144, an increase in the intensity of N2 assimilation was noted by 29‒34 % in the stage of three true leaves and by 10‒16 % in the budding stage. Conclusions. The application of a scientifically justified selection of rhizobial strains and biological plant protection agents for pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds will enable a more complete realization of their nitrogen-fixing potential and phytoprotective effects.

The effectiveness of using a plant growth stimulator based on Ambrosia artemisiifolia when growing corn in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

The article presents the results of studies on the use of a biological product based on ragweed, due to its chemical composition, on corn crops. Double treatment of corn crops with a plant growth stimulator based on ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) was carried out at growth phases of 3–5 and 6–7 leaves in calculated doses with a working solution consumption of 300 l/ha. The repetition in the experiments is 4-fold, the placement of the variants of the experiment is randomized. Plot area – 50 sq.m. The use of a plant growth stimulator based on ragweed as a pre-sowing treatment of seeds and foliar dressings can increase the yield of corn grain by 14–40%, depending on the corn hybrids studied in the experiment. On the variants of the experiment, where the combined use of organic fertilizer Biohumus and plant growth stimulator based on ragweed (solution 3) was studied, the above quality indicators were higher than the values of the control variant by 1.6; 6.0 and 1.5% – in the hybrid Ladoga 191 MV; at 3.2; 3.0 and 3.8% – Krasnodar 196 MV; by 2.9; 5.9 and 2.2% – Darina MV; at 3.3; 6.2 and 3.7% – Kuban. In the variant of the experiment with the joint use of organic fertilizer Biohumus and plant growth stimulator based on ragweed (solution 3), the value of the conditional income indicator decreased by 5400 rubles, according to the variant of the experiment with the joint use of organic fertilizer Biohumus and stimulant growth of plants based on ragweed (solution 4), the value of this indicator decreased by 7200 rubles, relative to the variant of the experiment with the combined use of organic fertilizer Biohumus and plant growth stimulator based on ragweed (solution 1) .

Восстановление плодородия малопродуктивных дерново-подзолистых почв, вновь вводимых в сельскохозяйственный оборот

The purpose of research is to develop agro-reclamation measures to restore the fertility of low-productive sod-podzolic sandy loam soils for the conditions of the southern part of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia. Objectives: to conduct a comparative assessment of the impact of granular fertilizer based on turkey droppings and a liquid-phase biological product (LPBP) on increasing soil fertility, phenological characteristics of plants, crop yields and their quality. Six variants of the field experiment were developed: control variant (without fertilizers); granular fertilizer based on turkey droppings at a dose of 15 t/ha; granular fertilizer based on turkey manure at a dose of 15 t/ha together with pre-sowing seed treatment with 1 % LPBP; pre-sowing seed treatment with 1 % LPBP; granular fertilizer based on turkey droppings at a dose of 30 t/ha. The application of organic ameliorant and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a biological pre¬paration help to improve the agrochemical parameters of the soil, and, as a result, a higher yield of perennial grasses. The best option is option G30, where the yield was 48.3 t/ha of green mass of grass in total for 2 cuttings, which is 33.8 % more than the control option. In the G15 and G15 LPBP options, the harvest was practically not inferior and exceeded the control option by 30.5 and 24.4 %, respectively, soil fertility indicators improved: soil acidity decreased to 4.8–5.0 (pHsol) and 5.4–5.6 (pHwod), an increase in organic matter by 33.9 %, the content of mobile phosphorus and mobile potassium, and the concentration of total nitrogen increased significantly.

Improvement of the Morphophysiological Parameters of Pepper after the Presowing Treatment of Seeds with Zinc Nanoparticles

Improvement of the Morphophysiological Parameters of Pepper after the Presowing Treatment of Seeds with Zinc Nanoparticles

Seed pre-treatment with electromagnetic field (EMF) differentially enhances germination kinetics and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.)

Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with different intensities and exposure times to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has proved to be beneficial in increasing the productivity of crops. The purpose of the recent study was to evaluate the effects of electromagnetic fields applied prior to cultivation to seeds of two maize genotypes namely FH-1046 and YH-5427. Sterilized seeds were exposed to three doses of EMF and sown in six treatments levels i.e. T0 (as control), T1 (60mT for 3 min.), T2 (120mT for 3 min.), T3 (180mT for 3 min.), T4 (60mT for 6 min.), T5 (120mT for 6 min.), and T6 (180mT for 6 min.). There were three replicates in each treatment. Results showed EMF exposure as an augmenting factor as it caused up to 50 % improvement in seed germination performance. The EMF exposure increased germination kinetics and triggered enhancement in morphological characteristics i.e., higher leaf area, plant height, more fresh and dry weight; higher concentration of physiological pigments like chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids; upregulated antioxidative enzymatic activities; and, higher mineral ions concentration such as Na+, K+, and Ca2+. A growth promotory effect of all doses of electromagnetic field was observed on crop performance, however, T3 (180mT for 3 min.) and T5 (120mT for 6 min.) resulted in the highest germination indices, vegetative proliferations and biochemical assays. Of the two genotypes of maize, FH-1046 proved to be more sensitive the EMF as compared to YH-5427. It was concluded that maize growth and grain yield might be directly enhanced through the useful aspects of EMF by its analytical and sustainable utilization at the large scale of agricultural farming.

Effectiveness of Rhodococcus erythropolis strain OPI-01 on the fungal development in winter wheat

Abstract. Behzad A, Diakite S, Astarkhanova TS, Pakina EN, Allen D, Mohammadi PM, Diarra O, Saquee FS. 2024. Effectiveness of Rhodococcus erythropolis strain OPI-01 on the fungal development in winter wheat. Biodiversitas 25: 1063-1070. One of the means of sustainable wheat production is using bacterial pesticides, which can synthesize phytohormonal substances with antibacterial and antifungal action. Therefore, the work aimed to study the effect of different doses of a new growth regulator Restart, ZH (Rhodococcus erythropolis D strain OPI-01) on winter wheat yield. The findings of field experiments on the effect of plant growth regulator R. erythropolis strain OPI-01 method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds (at 0.1 L/t and 0.2 L/t), and soil spraying just before sowing (-0.5 l/ha) revealed that on average, during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 seasons, the number of productive stems increased by a margin of 23-30, the number of grains in 1 ear increased in the experimental units by 16.2-19.4%, and the length of the ear by 0.3-0.7cm, gluten varied from 32.3 to 33.8%, yield increased from 27.8-33.0% relative to the control. Disease severity and incidence of powdery mildew, brown rust and Septoria disease in plots amended withR. erythropolis strain OPI-01 was 2-fold less than in the control plots. Research trials show the efficacy of R. erythropolis strain OPI-01 under field conditions as a plant growth regulator and a potential microbial fungicide against some foliar diseases of winter wheat. It would be exciting to study the mechanism of R. erythropolis on wheat pathogens in vitro and in planta which are still less developed in the literature.

Morfološke osobine plodova i sjemena i trajanje učinka skarifikacije sjemena sumpornom kiselinom na neke vrste iz roda Crataegus Tourn. ex L.

Hawthorn species (Crataegus Tourn. ex L.) are widely known for their medical, ecological, and economic benefits. The main issue of this study was to define the morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds as well as the impact of sulfuric acid (96% concentration) scarification with different time duration on seeds of three different hawthorn species (C. crus-galli, C. monogyna, C. laevigata). Statically significant differences were reported for all measured fruit and seed morphological traits. Highest fruit weight, length and width was recorded for C. crus-galli, while lowest for C. monogyna. Different sulfuric acid (96% concentration) scarification treatments were used for C. cruss-galli (150 and 210 min), C. laevigata, and C. cruss-galli (45, 75 and 105 min) seeds. Only significant differences were found in contrast to the control. Thickness of the tiniest part of the seed coat was significantly reduced in C. crus-gallic and C. laevigata scarified seeds in contrast to control. Thickness of the thickest part of the seed coat was significantly reduced only in C. crus-galli seeds scarified for 210 min in contrast to control. Therefore, optimal duration of scarification treatment for C. crus-galli seeds should be 210 min. The results obtained in this study will contribute to a better knowledge of morphometric characteristics and the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of some Crataegus species which can be utilized in nursery production.

Effectiveness of use of biological drugs and microelements in the cultivation of chickpeakes in light chestnut soils in the Volgograd region

Chickpeas are widespread in countries with arid climates, where they are sown annually on an area of 10–11 million hectares. The favorable combination of protein, fat, carbohydrates, macro- and microelements, vitamins, and biological active substances in grain make it a complete feed for farm animals and poultry. The purpose of the research was to study the eff ectiveness of the use of biological products and microelements when cultivating chickpeas under the conditions of light chestnut soils in the Volgograd region. In the process of work, two series of experiments were carried out: the fi rst – “Pre-sowing treatment of chickpea seeds with microfertilizers” and the second – “Combined use of growth stimulants and microfertilizers”. The most important conditions for the realization of chickpea productivity, taking into account the biological characteristics of the variety Privo 1 in the soil and climatic conditions of light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region have been identifi ed. In the second experiment, the average lowest economic yield of chickpea variety Privo 1 was formed in the control variant without seed treatment with microelements and growth stimulants and was equal to 1,92 t/ha. The highest economic yield of chickpeas, on average, according to experience, was established in combinations of the growth stimulator HB-101 with boric acid or ammonium molybdate during pre-sowing seed treatment and was equal to 2,59 t/ha, i.e. was 34,9 % higher than in the control variant. It was recommended that under the conditions of the Volgograd region on light chestnut soils when cultivating chickpea variety Privo 1, before sowing, treat chickpea seeds with growth stimulant HB-101 (50 ml/t) in combination with ammonium molybdate (NH4)2MoO4 – (250 g/t) or boric acid H3BO3, B(OH)3 (500 g/t). Sowing should be carried out as early as possible with a seeding rate of 500 thousand viable seeds on 1 ha.

Effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment with plant growth regulators to improve the productivity of <i>Astragalus babatagi</i> and <i>A. xanthomeloides</i>

In 2022, under the conditions of the growing experience of the IHR of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan on plants Astragalus babatagi and Astragalus xanthomeloides, optimal sowing dates and options for seed treatment with plant growth regulators and organo-mineral fertilizer were studied. The positive effect of pre-sowing seed treatment was revealed, which significantly affected the increase in seed productivity and plant phytomass. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of Astragalus babatagi seeds with Uchkun plus, Floroxan and potassium Humate Prompter preparations contributed to an increase in seed yield from one bed by 1.0, 0.98 and 0.8 g relative to scarified seeds and an increase in phytomass yield by 189, 197 and 186 g, respectively. The increase in the yield of Astragalus xanthomeloides seeds from one bed in experimental versions using Uchkun plus, Floroxan and potassium Humate Prompter increased by 0.92, 1.05 and 0.62 g, respectively, compared with the “scarification” option, and compared with the control by 1.82, 1.95 and 1.52 g, respectively. The yield of phytomass increased by 53.7, 61.2 and 30.7 g relative to the variant of scarified seeds, whereas in relation to the control these indicators increased by 103, 110 and 79.8 g, respectively.

Effect of bioecogum bioorganic fertilizer on the development of maize and soya bean in light chestnut soils

The article discusses the use of domestic liquid bio-organic fertilizer "BioEcoGum" in the cultivation of corn and soybeans in the south-east of Kazakhstan. The influence of seed treatment and foliar top dressing during the growing season on the growth, development and yield of corn (Porumben 458) and soybeans (Zhansaya, Victory) was studied. Pre-sowing treatment of corn and soybean seeds with a solution of liquid bioorganic fertilizer increases germination by 10-15 %. Two and three-fold foliar top dressing of corn and soybean plants enhances growth and development, increases the yield of soybean grain by 25-33 % and corn by 75 %, contributes to an increase in root biomass by 50 %, increases the economic efficiency of application. According to the results of production tests, the bio-organic liquid fertilizer "BioEcoGum" is recommended for widespread introduction in the south and south-east of Kazakhstan in the cultivation of grain and leguminous crops.

Effectiveness of a preparation based on animal effects on winter and spring wheat

The results of testing a drug obtained from livestock waste containing fulvic acids on winter and spring wheat are presented. The prescription was obtained by treating an aqueous infusion of chicken manure and pig waste with 60% nitric acid. Before use, the drug was diluted with water in a ratio of 1:100. The working solution had a pH of 6.7–6.9. The specified pH value of the working solution prevents the possible adverse effect of the drug on other agrochemicals when using tank mixtures. Pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with the resulting preparation, at a consumption rate of 0.1 l/t, increased the area of flag leaves, which had a significant positive effect on yield, by 1.8 times compared with the control. The biomass of plants treated with the drug was 1.3 times greater than in the control. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the medication at a consumption rate of 0.1 l/t led to an increase in the yield of winter wheat in the conditions of the Belgorod region by 0.44 t/ha, or by 6.8 %, as well as the content of gluten protein in grain by 2.0 % and reduced infection of seeds with Alternaria. Spraying spring wheat during the stem growth phase (two nodes) increased the yield by 0.73 t/ha or 20.8 %. The use of the drug for pre-sowing seed treatment significantly reduced the sensitivity of spring wheat plants to herbicide stress. The increase in yield under the influence of the medicine was achieved by increasing the number of ears by 11.2 % and by increasing the number of grains in an ear by 8.3 %.

Influence of the endophytic fungus <i>Metarhizium robertsii</i> on the growth and development of forage beans siberian varieties

The results of studying the influence of the endophytic fungus Metarhizium robertsii on the growth and development of fodder beans of the Sibirskie variety are presented. Endophytes are ubiquitous, diverse microorganisms that live in healthy host tissues without causing visible disease symptoms. The studies were conducted in 2020–2022. Pre-sowing treatment of broad bean seeds (Vicia faba L.) with the entomopathogenic fungus M. robertsii, followed by cultivation in field conditions, contributed to the acceleration of growth processes, the formation of greater biological mass and increased yield. The effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus M. robertsii was assessed in a field experiment on leached chernozem in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. M. robertsii on broad beans significantly increased grain yield by 10–15 % depending on year conditions in 2020 and 2022. (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.036715 and 0.012186, respectively), plant height - by 6–16 cm (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.010023), foliage, and weight of 1000 grains. A significant increase in active nodules on the roots of broad bean plants treated with M. robertsii was established. The results indicate that treating bean seeds with the entomopathogenic fungus M. robertsii before sowing can increase crop yield and stimulate growth processes. In the future, this technique can be used in agricultural practice on other legumes. This work is the first study of the influence of entomopathogenic fungi on broad beans when grown in the continental climate of Western Siberia.

The dependence of yield and its structure on pre-sowing treatment of spring triticale (<i>× triticosecale</i>) seeds in the Amur region

The research results (2014 - 2015) on triticale yield and its structure depending on the seed treatment are presented. The need for research is caused by increasing grain yields and gross yields in the region. This work aims to establish the dependence of yield and its structure on the pre-sowing treatment of triticale seeds by modern fungicides that are effective in extreme conditions. A two-factor field experiment was conducted on the experimental field of the Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Amur region. Options: Factor A - triticale varieties: 1. Ukro, St; 2. Yarilo; 3. Carmen. Factor B - treatment with preparations: 1. Control - water; 2. Maxim rate - 1.5 ml/l; 3. Inshur Perform - 0.4 l/ha; 4. Kinto Duo - 2 l/ha. Each variety of triticale corresponded to fourvariants of treatment with preparations. Regarding height, productive business and ear length of triticale, the differences between the preparations and the control were insignificant. The preparation of Kinto Duo increased the number of grains in the ear by 2.0 % compared with the control. Maxim and Inshur Perform by weight of 1000 grains resulted in a significant increase of 2.8 and 3.9 %, and Kinto Duo - 7.2 % compared to the control. Yield is strongly related to productive business, r = 0.798. The correlation between yield and stem length is medium r = 0.332. Between yield, ear length, number of grains in the ear, and weight of 1000 grains, the correlation dependence is weak r < 0.3. The preparation Inshur Perform increased the yield of triticale grain by 0.11 t/ha or 4.9 %, Maxim - by 0.30 t/ha or 13.4 %, and Kinto Duo - by 0.34 or 15.2 % relative to the control.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРЕДПОСЕВНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ СЕМЯН ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИМ ПОЛЕМ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ЛЬНА-ДОЛГУНЦА И ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ

Pre-sowing seed treatment is a mandatory agricultural method of increasing yields by increasing the energy and germination of seeds. Laboratory and field tests showed an increase in the yield and quality of flax and spring wheat seeds due to pre-sowing seed treatment with an electric field at the Sadko-1 electrophysical installation. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is selecting the treatment modes (the voltage acting on the seeds with a low-frequency electric field and the resting of the seeds after treatment) that increase the sowing properties of the seeds and yield and determining the economic efficiency of electrophysical technology of pre-sowing seed treatment in the cultivation of flax and spring wheat. (Materials and methods) Three batches of seeds of each crop were treated with an electric field of 2, 4 and 6 kilovolts per centimeter. After resting for 9 days, the seeds were sown into the soil. The field experiment included four options: control (without exposure to an electric field on seeds) and three options corresponding to exposure modes: 2, 4, and 6 kilovolts per centimeter. The area of the registered plot was 50 square meters. During the growth and development of crops, the field germination and preservation of plants before harvesting and the harvest of each plot were determined. (Results and discussion) During laboratory germination of treated seeds, an improvement in seed sowing qualities is observed: energy and germination, increase in the size and weight of seven-day seedlings. It was found that in the process of growth and development of crops, the effect of pre-sowing treatment is manifested in increasing field germination and preservation of plants before harvesting. (Conclusions) Pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds and spring wheat at the Sadko-1 installation contributed to an increase in the yield and quality of straw and flax grain. Economic calculations indicate the high profitability of the proposed technology. Due to processing in the electric field intensity mode of 6 kilovolts per centimeter, additional net profit of 1.87 thousand rubles per hectare was obtained when cultivating flax using mineral fertilizers, without the use of mineral fertilizers - 1.03 thousand rubles per hectare (in 2021 prices). The cost of seed treatment is ~ 50 rubles per hectare. Net profit due to pre-sowing electrophysical processing of wheat at 2 kilovolts per centimeter amounted to 2.86 thousand rubles per hectare. The presented method of seed treatment can be offered to farms as an element of resource-saving technologies, as well as for pre-sowing seed treatment of low sowing conditions.

Effect of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with inoculant and microelements for yield and quality in the conditions of south-east of Kazakhstan

Soybean is a high-protein and at the same time an oilseed crop. Its cultivation brings profit from the sale of seeds and enriches the soil through the activity of nitrogen-fixing plants. The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with a nitrogen-fixing preparation (HiStick© inoculant) in combination with molybdenum and cobalt salts was evaluated at field level from 2019 to 2021 in the conditions of south-east Kazakhstan. The profitability of the crop could be increased by the use of pre-sowing treatment with these micronutrients which are involved in the processes of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. The most indicative characteristics for assessing the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment are the accumulation of protein and oil per hectare, since grain yield increased with pre-sowing treatment without changing quality characteristics (expressed as concentrations). Our research showed an increase in protein yield per hectare with pre-sowing treatment. When seeds of the early ripening Ivushka variety were treated with molybdenum and cobalt without HiStick©, protein yield per hectare increased by 8%. When using the HiStick© preparation together with microelements, the protein yield increased by 4.8%, 8.7% and 12.8% for Zhansaya, Lastochka (late-maturing) and Birlik CV varieties respectively. The increase in oil yield after pre-sowing seed treatment for the early-ripening Ivushka variety was 8.8% (complete treatment) and 6.8% for the late-ripening Lastochka variety (with micronutrients only). Therefore the increase of grain protein and oil yields improves the profitability of this crop for a range of soybean varieties.

Modern technologies for cultivation of winter wheat on leached chernozems of the Republic North Ossetia-Alania

The purpose of the research was to study and use modern agrobiological principles of adaptive intensification of the technology for cultivating promising introduced varieties of winter wheat, their responsiveness to growth stimulants and winter hardiness of plants, as well as to identify inhibitory functionality in the destruction of weeds, reducing the incidence and number of pests on leached chernozems of the Republic North Ossetia–Alania. The processes of pre-vegetation were studied and it was found that the energy of seeds germination had a positive correlation with air temperature within the range of r=0,68–0,84. A slightly lower correlation coeffi cient (r=0,61–0,68) was noted when taking into account laboratory seeds germination. The maximum weight of 1000 seeds was observed in the varieties Aivina, Vassa and Kameya – 44,8–51,9 g, which was 1,2–8,3 g higher than in the control. High resistance to low temperatures was determined with normal autumn development of plants with sugar content in within 30 % or more. A recommended method for pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds consists of soaking in a 0,1 % aqueous solution of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) for 0,5–1 hour, enveloping with soil from the rhizosphere of Galega eorientalis Lam., thereby increasing the productivity and fertility of soils without additional costs for nitrogen fertilizers. The infl uence of seeding rates and predecessors such as clover and peas on the yield of Batko variety on leached chernozems of the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania was revealed. The optimal germination rate was 89,5 %, when sowing after peas with a seeding rate of 4,5 million pcs/ha, the yield reached 3,7 and 3,8 c/ha after clover and peas, respectively, with a profitability level of 77,7 % for due to the lack of additional technological methods. It was revealed that the biological product Nikfan in mixed with sulfur-containing mineral water as a top dressing for crops during the spring regrowth period after various predecessors contributed to an increase in yield and quality indicators of grain, a profitability level of 51,9 % and a reduction in prime-cost to 5,77 rub./kg.