Pre-existing Theories Research Articles

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PILIHAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP KOPI TOMORO DIBANDINGKAN MEREK LAIN (STUDI PENELITIAN GROUNDED THEORY)

The research aims to capture the voices of Indonesian coffee consumers and develop a nuanced understanding of their preference for Tomoro Coffee. This will contribute valuable knowledge to the existing body of research on consumer behavior in the Indonesian coffee market and provide actionable insights for Tomoro Coffee's future marketing strategies. The approach utilized in this research employs a qualitative method based on grounded theory principles, enabling researchers to develop constructs and theories directly from data collected firsthand, rather than relying on pre-existing theories. Furthermore, the classification of categories into broader themes was carried out to identify the relationships among the compiled categories. Based on the study results, three major themes emerged from interviews with three business actors: Product Characteristics, Brand Image and Marketing, and Price and Value Perception. It can be concluded from the study results that the factors influencing consumer choice of Tomoro Coffee over other brands include the price and the value of the service and products obtained from Tomoro Coffee. Brand image and marketing also influence consumer choice because attractive marketing and promotions draw consumers to purchase Tomoro Coffee. Meanwhile, the variety of the menu, although not dominant, still serves as a reference for consumers to purchase Tomoro Coffee, particularly due to the delicious coffee flavors and affordable prices for consumers. In summary, the research highlights that the key factors driving consumer preference for Tomoro Coffee are competitive pricing, perceived value, effective marketing, and the quality of the product offerings. These insights can help Tomoro Coffee refine its marketing strategies and product development to better meet the needs and preferences of Indonesian coffee consumers. Keywords: Indonesian Coffee Market; Tomoro Coffee; Marketing Strategies; Qualitative Research; Grounded Theory.

Interface dislocation trajectory and long-range strain associated with the migration of semicoherent interfaces

Semicoherent interfaces are frequently developed during phase transformations within materials like steels and Ti alloys. Gaining insight into dislocation motion and the macroscopic strain during the migration of semicoherent interfaces is vital for understanding phase transformations. This research employs molecular dynamics simulations to explore the migration of diverse semicoherent α/β interfaces in pure Ti, providing new insights into the interface dislocation trajectories during interface migration. The simulation vividly reveals complex dislocation interactions within the interface during its migration, leading to substantial deviations in interface dislocation trajectories from individual dislocation slip planes. In such a complex scenario, pre-existing theories rooted in conventional slip planes often produce inconsistent atom conservation or slip-sequence-dependent results. A novel geometric model has been developed, generating self-consistent descriptions of dislocation shear planes and shear displacement during the migration of general semicoherent interfaces while ensuring atom conservation. It introduces a comprehensive framework for assessing the macroscopic strain engendered by interface migration in varied phase transformation processes, including precipitation and martensite transformation. Validation of this model has been accomplished through simulations, and its generality is verified effectively by encompassing the simpler cases addressed by the pre-existing models.

The syntactic variety and semantic unity of the V de resultative construction in Mandarin Chinese

Abstract The V de resultative construction has been an intriguing issue in Chinese linguistics. Theories have been put forth regarding what the morpheme de (here called de result to avoid confusion) does in this construction. In this article, the preexisting theories are empirically questioned. It is shown that the presence of de result is not obligatory when the result predicate takes some special forms. A procedural account is proposed of how the typical V de result construction and its variants deliver the same logical form although they involve different functional morphemes. As a bonus, this account provides an improved model explaining the phenomenon that the V de result construction can have multiple readings.

Shared decision-making in undergraduate nursing and medical education: An explorative dual-method study

ObjectiveThis study explores how shared decision-making (SDM) is integrated in undergraduate nursing and medical education. MethodsA dual-method design was applied. The integration of SDM in medicine and nursing education programs (i.e. SDM on paper) was explored through document analyses; the integration of SDM in curricula (i.e. SDM in class) through interviews with teachers and curriculum coordinators (N = 19). ResultsA majority of the education programs featured SDM, mostly non-explicit. In curricula SDM was generally implicitly featured in compulsory courses across all study years. SDM was often integrated into preexisting theories and models and taught through various methods and materials. Generally, teachers and supervisors were not trained in SDM themselves. They assessed students’ competence in SDM in a summative manner. ConclusionOverall, SDM was featured in undergraduate nursing and medical education, however, very implicitly.

Exploring The Fusion of Innovative Design and Traditional Elements in Contemporary Chinese Fashion Trends

This study explored how young people's interest in their cultural heritage is fueling the return of traditional Chinese apparel to modern fashion. It looks into how historic components like Hanfu, Tang suits, qipao, and Zhongshan suits are influencing China's changing fashion trends. The study seeks to close the knowledge gap between traditional and modern clothing by highlighting the importance of traditional designs and their influence on fast fashion. The study also identifies obstacles, such as time restraints, and establishes boundaries to focus the investigation. The review of the literature provides insight into the complex relationships between traditional and modern aspects of Chinese fashion. It draws attention to the many facets of fashion, addressing technological, cultural, and environmental issues. Modern fashion is seeing a comeback of traditional Chinese aspects, with a focus on maintaining cultural heritage while adjusting to international trends. Potential solutions as well as issues with quick fashion, sustainability, and talent retention are covered. This study lays the foundation for a thorough investigation into how Westernisation and cultural components combine in the Chinese fashion industry. This study uses a deductive methodology to examine the influence of traditional fashion aspects on consumer behaviour by utilising pre-existing theories on these topics. The study takes a positivist stance, gathering and analysing data on Chinese fashion trends using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. In order to protect participant welfare and academic integrity, it employs structured surveys, interviews, data analysis using SPSS software, and theme analysis for qualitative data. The present study employs a thematic statistical approach to examine the relationship between contemporary and traditional garment trends in China, as well as the impact of traditional Chinese designs on the fashion scene. These designs are shaped by a range of factors, including technology, sustainability, and cultural adaptation.

Evaluation And Monitoring as An Effort to Improve the Quality of Education

The research aims to find out a comprehensive picture regarding evaluation and monitoring as an effort to improve the quality of education. The research focuses on qualitative methods with a literature review approach. Literature reviews focus on developing pre-existing concepts and theories by utilizing information available from various journals, books, government regulations and other relevant references. Based on the results of the literature review, it can be concluded that evaluation and monitoring are very important in efforts to improve the quality of education, where by evaluating and monitoring the education system can be improved through various new policies that have clear orientation and objectives so that these policies can be implemented well. Apart from that, evaluation and monitoring can provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of policies that have been applied previously, so it is hoped that the education system and quality in Indonesia will improve

The ambiguity of BERTology: what do large language models represent?

The field of “BERTology” aims to locate linguistic representations in large language models (LLMs). These have commonly been interpreted as representing structural descriptions (SDs) familiar from theoretical linguistics, such as abstract phrase-structures. However, it is unclear how such claims should be interpreted in the first place. This paper identifies six possible readings of “linguistic representation” from philosophical and linguistic literature, concluding that none has a straight-forward application to BERTology. In philosophy, representations are typically analyzed as cognitive vehicles individuated by intentional content. This clashes with a prevalent mentalist interpretation of linguistics, which treats SDs as (narrow) properties of cognitive vehicles themselves. I further distinguish between three readings of both kinds, and discuss challenges each brings for BERTology. In particular, some readings would make it trivially false to assign representations of SDs to LLMs, while others would make it trivially true. I illustrate this with the concrete case study of structural probing: a dominant model-interpretation technique. To improve the present situation, I propose that BERTology should adopt a more “LLM-first” approach instead of relying on pre-existing linguistic theories developed for orthogonal purposes.

Can machine learning make naturalism about health truly naturalistic? A reflection on a data-driven concept of health

Through hypothetical scenarios, this paper analyses whether machine learning (ML) could resolve one of the main shortcomings present in Christopher Boorse’s Biostatistical Theory of health (BST). In doing so, it foregrounds the boundaries and challenges of employing ML in formulating a naturalist (i.e., prima facie value-free) definition of health. The paper argues that a sweeping dataist approach cannot fully make the BST truly naturalistic, as prior theories and values persist. It also points out that supervised learning introduces circularity, rendering it incompatible with a naturalistic perspective. Additionally, it underscores the need for pre-existing auxiliary theories to assess results from unsupervised learning. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the epistemological entanglements between data and data processing methods to manage expectations about what data patterns can predict. In conclusion, the paper argues against delegating the final authority for defining complex concepts like health to AI systems, as it necessitates ethical judgment and capacities for deliberation that AI currently lacks. It also warns against granting creators and deployers of AI systems the discretionary authority to determine these definitions outside the wider social discussion, advocating for ongoing public engagement on normative notions. Failure to do so risks limiting individuals and collectives’ ability to shape a just digital future and diminishes their fundamental epistemic agency.

Book Review Motivasi dan Kepribadian: Perspektif Islam tentang Dinamika Jiwa dan Perilaku Manusia

The book discussed in this article is titled Motivasi dan Kepribadian: Perspektif Islam tentang Dinamika Jiwa dan Perilaku Manusia. This book was written by Dr. Bagus Riyono, M.A., a psychologist and lecturer in the Faculty of Psychology at Universitas Gadjah Mada and is currently president of the International Association of Muslim Psychologists (IAMP). This book is 284 pages long and consists of several chapters, all of which deconstructing pre-existing theories of motivation, as well as constructing pioneering theories of motivation using various research approaches, including qualitative approach using “meta-ethnographically-grounded-theory” and quantitative approach using experimental method (Riyono, 2020. p. 89). All this was done so that the researcher could achieve comprehensive research results.

The Construction and Influence of Celebrity Personas

In modern society, the rapid development of technology and media is gradually making the act of "star-making" more efficient and convenient, while the prevalence of consumerism, the strong involvement of capital and the changing concept of social groups also make such a significant part of "star-making" which means the construction of the "Public Persona" has become an important part of today's media in an era that cannot be ignored. Therefore, this paper analyzes the construction and influence of the celebrity's "persona" through the preexisting example and theories. Previous research shows that the "persona" of celebrities is inseparable from the injection of capital and the promotion of fan groups, and it is also connected with the characteristics of individual celebrities. Due to the complexity of its construction, the "persona" of celebrities will have an impact on themselves, their fan base, and the larger society; these impacts are often long-term and heterogeneous.

NAFKAH DALAM KONTEKS HUKUM ISLAM

The purpose of writing this journal is to find out the concept of nafkah in Islam as well as the scope of legal aspects that govern, and its implications in everyday life. The research method in this study uses This type of research is descriptive qualitative using a literature study approach (Library Research). Library studies describe theoretical analysis, scientific studies, references, and literature related to local community habits, norms, and values that are built on the observed field conditions. With the method of collecting data and facts of information and exploring the sources contained in journals and scientific papers, encyclopedias, literature, and other data sources related and relevant to the topic, the formulation of the concept of Maqasid sharia in sharia retail marketing management can be formed through pre-existing theories. The research results in this study show that the concept of nafkah in Islam is not only about providing material needs but also includes broader aspects of life. The husband as the head of the family has a responsibility to his wife and children, a husband has obligations that Allah has set, including the rights of his wife and children that must be fulfilled, including the obligation to provide maintenance. The nafkah agreed upon by Islamic jurists is nafkah which is mentioned in the nash-nash syar'i and is a primary need in life for the wife. Understanding and implementing this concept is expected to improve the welfare of the people and strengthen the foundation of family life.

Theory of Josephson current on a lattice model of grain boundary in d-wave superconductors

Identifying the origins of suppression of the critical current at grain boundaries of high-critical-temperature superconductors, such as cuprates and iron-based superconductors, is a crucial issue to be solved for future applications with polycrystalline materials. Although the dominant factor of current suppression might arise during material fabrication and/or processing, investigating it due to an internal phase change of the pair potential is an important issue in understanding the threshold of the critical current. In this paper, we study the Josephson current on a symmetric [001]-tilt grain boundary (GB) of a d-wave superconductor on a lattice model. In addition to the suppression of the maximum Josephson current associated with the internal phase change of the d-wave pair potential which has been predicted in continuum models, we find a unique phase interference effect due to folding of the Fermi surface in the lattice model. In particular, the resultant maximum Josephson current at low-tilting-angle regions tends to be suppressed more than that in preexisting theories. Because similar suppressions of the critical current at GBs have been reported in several experimental works, the present model can serve as a guide to clarify the complicated transport mechanism in GBs.

Comparative Case Study On Tuberculosis Patients Between Rural And Urban Areas

The recent recurrence of tuberculosis (TB) has forced us to re-evaluate the disease's pre-existing theories. Social scientists have looked at numerous cultural, environmental, and politico-economic aspects, but biomedical literature frequently explains tuberculosis in terms of biological reasons (such as bacterial infection). The design and implementation of programmes to meet the requirements of patients who have or are at risk for both diseases are influenced by the numerous linkages between TB and HIV infection. The World Health Organisation and other international organisations have promoted collaboration between national TB and HIV programmes and some amount of local service integration, and these initiatives are acknowledged as necessary in regions where the two illnesses are common. The field where their impact would be seen and the anticipation of improving both diseases' outcomes will be realised, however, is yet relatively untapped for most of these strategies. In this article, comparative case study is performed between TB patients of rural and urban areas. The method used was conducting survey using questionnaires to be answered by the patients. The conclusion drawn from the study was that the people who are older, less educated, female, and live far from medical facilities experience the greatest delays in receiving TB care and receiving a diagnosis.

APAKAH KUALITAS WEBSITE BERDAMPAK PADA MINAT BELI DENGAN KEPERCAYAAN KONSUMEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING?

Marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong relationships to capture value from customers in return. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of website quality on purchase intentions and also customer trust as an intervention. The research object is the population of Shopee users who have been categorized as sample criteria. The criteria are S1 Accounting students at Universitas Pamulang and have online shopping experience through Shopee. Based on SEM-PLS data, this research is valid and reliable, the research model is also considered strong. This study proves the study of pre-existing theories and strengthens the results of hypothesis testing with the results of all variables having a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. The model in this study can be used as managerial implications for e-commerce based business development

Application of Double Skin Façade (DSF) and Electrochromic Glass in Buildings in Tropical Climate

Abstract One method in terms of architectural technology used to minimize the negative impact of overheating is to design a building with double skin façade and integrating it with electrochromic glass. The purpose of this research is to reveal whether the use of a double skin façade and the application of electrochromic glass would be preferable for buildings in tropical climates, in terms of obtaining aesthetic points while not having to sacrifice thermal comfort nor committing energy waste at the same time. The data in this research is obtained with qualitative – descriptive comparative method, which is applied for room temperature measurement with a computer simulation software, based on pre-existing theories, reference standards and material specifications from existing manufacturers. The results of this study conclude that the application of double skin façade in a building does make a significant contribution to achieving thermal and lighting comfort. Both profiles of space reduction with the use of electrochromic glass in buildings in tropical climates are able to reach ideal temperatures in comparison to when ordinary glass material is applied. And third, it is proven that the double skin façade technology and applying electrochromic glass on a building can provide significant energy efficiency for long-term projects.

Film thickness and heat transfer characteristics of R1233zd(E) falling film with nucleate boiling on an inclined plate

Falling film evaporation is an effective heat transfer method for achieving high heat flux and wide-area cooling with less refrigerant. As the film thickness and wall superheat increase, nucleate boiling occurs in the liquid film. In this case, the superficial liquid film thickness becomes thicker due to the existence of vapor bubbles. Although such superficial film thickness is an important parameter for expressing the film structure, the liquid film thickness of hydrofluorocarbon and hydrofluoroolefin refrigerants under nucleate boiling conditions has not yet been reported. This study experimentally investigated the liquid film thickness and heat transfer coefficients on an inclined plate with the width of 50 mm and the length of 75 mm. R1233zd(E) was used as the working fluid at a saturation temperature of 20°C. The film Reynolds number at the inlet was varied from 4.4 × 102 to 2.7 × 103, and the heat flux was varied from 5.6 to 138 kW/m2. As a result, the mean film thickness under adiabatic conditions increased when the flow rate increased or the inclination angle decreased from 30° to 15°, and ranged from 0.14 to 0.37 mm. The values were in good agreement with preexisting theories and correlations. Under heating conditions without boiling, the film thickness was almost equal to that under adiabatic conditions, and the heat transfer coefficients were slightly higher than the typical heat transfer correlation of the saturated falling film of water. With nucleate boiling in the high heat flux range, the superficial film thickness reached 1–3 mm at the location where vapor bubbles existed. The frequency of the thickness exceeding 1 mm increased with the heat flux as nucleate boiling became more active; thus, the average thickness also increased. The heat transfer coefficients under the developed nucleate boiling conditions were dominated by heat flux and were in good agreement with the existing pool boiling correlation.

A critical analysis of stalking theory and implications for research and practice.

This article comprehensively reviews and critiques theories providing an aetiological account of stalking. We evaluate applications of preexisting psychological theories to stalking (attachment theory, evolutionary theory, social learning theory, information processing models of aggression, coercive control theory, and behavioural theory) as well as the only novel theory of stalking to date: Relational goal pursuit theory. Our aim was to identify which are supported by research, identify gaps in theoretical scope and explanatory depth and examine how current theories might inform clinical practice. This evaluation suggests that theories of stalking are underdeveloped relative to other areas of forensic clinical psychology and the theoretical literature is relatively stagnant. Consequently, there is limited research into clinically meaningful constructs that can guide the assessment, formulation and treatment of this client group. We identify similarities across existing theories, discussing implications for future research and clinical practice with people who stalk.

The Historiographical Typology of the English Royalism in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century

The topic of the present paper provides an insight into the royalist movement of the seventeenth century England, pre-eminently focusing on the Civil War era. Royalist, or constitutional royalist is a term to describe a moderate political group of the 1640s, concentrating around King Charles I, as his advisors. Recent results identified and categorized some of the main political thinkers of this faction. However, this categorization still has its own limits and is in the need of further clarification. The study is meant to highlight the defining elements of the royalist political discourse, including the notions of the rule of law, the ancient constitution and absolutism. The present paper also aims to investigate how the pre-existing political theories and doctrines from the Medieval and Tudor-era influenced the narrative of those, who remained to be loyal to the king, amidst the turbulence of the Civil War.

Creating a Holistic Model of Heterosexual Marriage Wellbeing Mechanisms

The links between marital relationship well-being and multiple life outcomes, including health, finances, career, living conditions, and happiness, are repetitively endorsed in academic studies. These outcomes are far-reaching and broadly representative, so it is perhaps surprising that there are limited publicly available, evidence-based models of marital wellbeing mechanisms to aid couples in trouble or to educate families, professional helpers, or policy makers in their decision-making processes. The goal of this study was to isolate the generic properties of marital health and understand their operation - investigating the precedents, antecedents and maintenance of adult romantic relationship happiness, stability and general marital well-being, including how these constructs self-organise and co-relate, how outcomes emerge, and how we might therefore potentially alter these outcomes. Over the last 40 years thousands of studies have been carried out to determine the factors that contribute to marital satisfaction and endurance. Nonetheless, to this point in history little has been done to synthesise these multiple factors into an overarching model of marital wellbeing. For this study, pre-existing theories and research findings pertinent to marriage and relationships were sought out using a scoping review, collating more than 24,000 research articles. The multi-grounding process extricated categories from the scoping review for the model development. Prominent pertinent theories were discovered, and their premises were explored, compared, and inter-relationships were considered in the model development process. Given the prevalence and primacy of marriage partnerships across most societies and given the individual importance and the societal impact that these partnerships have, this model has significance for individuals, therapists, family therapy lecturers and researchers, policy makers and even societal and business leaders.

Resilient WASH development for urban poor: the case of Ahmedabad slums

PurposeClimate variability, accompanied by rapid urbanization and rising population disproportionality, impacts urban poor settlements. This paper aims to analyse the climate resilience for the urban poor in Ahmedabad through the lens of WASH development strategies. To assess the adaptive capacities of urban poor communities, a framework in the form of a vulnerability matrix has been used consisting of four key parameters – tenure, basic services, mobilization and partnership and disaster management capacities. The matrix implicitly recommends area-specific interventions to boost adaptive capacities and improve resilience based on WASH services.Design/methodology/approachThis paper was designed to assess the climate resilience of WASH services in the urban poor settlements of Ahmedabad city. In all, seven slums were selected using a stratified sampling approach considering topography, access to WASH services and urban heat island effect. These slums were then assessed using a theoretical framework having four key parameters – tenure, basic service, mobilization and partnership and disaster management capacities. The data for the analysis was collected from both secondary and primary sources. For the latter, semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, observational field visits and focused group discussions with the communities were done.FindingsA ladder form of assessment matrix was derived from a thorough literature review and various pre-existing theories. This matrix consists of four key parameters – tenure, basic service, mobilization and partnership and disaster management capacities. The slums were evaluated by applying this framework, and direct and indirect relationships were established between the said parameters.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper was adapted in the light of various obstacles put forward by the Covid-19 pandemic. Some of the interviews with the bureaucrats and external researchers were conducted online, while the engagement with the slum dwellers was in-person, considering appropriate social and/or physical distancing norms. Implications of the Covid-19 second wave restricted the involvement of researchers with the communities at an ethnographic level.Originality/valueThe ladder form of vulnerability assessment framework has been developed and contextualized using the insights from literature review, field visits and multi-stakeholder consultations. It was helpful in identifying aspects that require suitable interventions for improving and imparting resilience among the urban poor settlements. The learnings from this paper are significant for planners and decision-makers in identifying and prioritizing context-specific future projects for a city.