Practitioners In South Africa Research Articles

Spirituality and Transcendental meditation practitioners’ experiences in South Africa and Ghana

ABSTRACT Spirituality involves being in harmony with the cosmos or nature and a willingness to engage in good works for the sake of mankind; for instance, love for one another, care for the environment, and the production and protection of the common good for society. Spirituality could also be defined as the connectedness with nature or the cosmos, seeing beyond the circumstances of one’s limitation and the suffering one encounters (transcendence) and understanding one purpose and meaning of one existence. In an African context, spirituality is experienced by many people as being in touch with one’s spirit which is an indication of integration of the body with the spirit and without this spiritual aspect of the essence of oneself, it becomes natural to see and feel problem. When one is permanently established on the platform of the Transcendental Being, life is lived in eternal freedom and enjoyment of blissfulness throughout the day. In this vein, the self silently witnesses daily activity. This is the essence of TM practice where practitioners experience spiritual upliftment. Though much research has been done on TM globally, the spiritual lived experiences of the practitioners have not been adequately explored, especially in South Africa and Ghana. Therefore, the study sought to explore the spiritual lived experiences of TM practitioners in South Africa and Ghana. The study adopted the constructivist paradigm through the lens of phenomenology. In all, 28 participants took part in the study − 14 participants from South Africa and another 14 from Ghana. Open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data for the study. Husserl’s transcendental phenomenological data analysis was used to analyze and synthesize the descriptions of the spiritual lived experiences of the TM practitioners. The results suggest that TM act as a catalyst for the spiritual growth of the participants from both countries and that they experienced spiritual upliftment with the practice of TM. However, two participants both females were of the view that TM has nothing to do with their spirituality. It is the recommendation of this study that people who seek a spiritual path to discover their purpose and meaning in life explore this technique although there are other paths toward spiritual enlightenment. For instance, Christian’s contemplations player and Sufism.

Revenue Service 6 March 2024 TC Judgment Case No. IT 14302

This article deals with the first transfer pricing case to come before the courts in South Africa which deals with the transfer pricing provisions contained in the South African tax legislation. It has attracted much interest and attention from tax practitioners in South Africa. It relates to the determination of an arm’s length royalty in respect of intellectual property in the form of a trademark. After a consideration of various methods to be used in determining the arm’s length rate of the royalty, the court held that the comparable uncontrolled price method was the appropriate method to be used in the circumstances and that the appellant possessed a valid internal comparable. Accordingly, the court upheld the appeal of the taxpayer.

A Collaborative Emic Methodology for Developing Practice Guidelines for Leaving Alternative Care in Resource-Constrained Settings

Preparing young people who have been removed from their parents for leaving alternative care is vital to their success as young adults. Most research on this preparation centres on care-leavers’ views of their support requirements. However, there is little evidence on how to develop practice guidelines for leaving care that may work in real-world settings. This paper aims to achieve two things. First, it presents a first-hand narrative account of a qualitative, collaborative and emic methodology for developing practice guidelines. The methodology emerged over four years through a collaborative bottom-up process between researchers and practitioners in South Africa. The author argues that this methodology may be helpful in other countries and practice contexts. Second, it presents examples of the resultant care-leaving practice guidelines, structured according to set headings and designed to be practicable in resource-constrained settings. While the practice guidelines, being emic, may not transfer across contexts, the author argues that the development process, the structure of the guidelines and the larger practice matrix may transfer well.

Perceptions of ethnoveterinary medicine among animal healthcare practitioners in South Africa.

The South African government recognises the value of traditional healing and supports an integrated healthcare system. In the veterinary field, successful integration depends on the perceptions of different animal healthcare practitioners (AHCPs). This study aimed to determine the perceptions of ethnoveterinary medicine among state-employed veterinarians and animal health technicians in the North West province. A mixed model questionnaire and non-probability sampling gathered quantitative and qualitative data from 53 participants. Statistical and thematic analysis processes were applied to quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Overall, 77.4% of participants were aware of ethnoveterinary medicine practices. Approval of the use of ethnoveterinary medicine by farmers was above-average at a mean of 3.57, standard deviation (s.d.) = 1.016 on a 5-point Likert scale. However, 65.9% doubted the effectiveness of ethnoveterinary medicine, which suggests tolerance but no appreciation of its value. The Chi-square test revealed a significant relationship between district municipality of employment and awareness at χ2= 17.490,df= 3,p= 0.001. Thematic analysis of comments showed that some participants perceived ethnoveterinary medicine as unscientific and interfering with Western veterinary medicine, while some considered it a good complement to Western veterinary medicine. The study also found that 20.8% of AHCPs use ethnoveterinary medicine to treat certain diseases. In conclusion, the lack of appreciation for ethnoveterinary medicine among AHCPs may hinder government-proposed integration, emphasising the need for programmes to improve perceptions among these stakeholders.Contribution:This is first such study to report on perceptions of ethnoveterinary medicine among AHCPs, and assess their readiness for an integrated animal health system.

‘I just feel very dispensable’: Exploring the connections between precarity and identity for academic literacy developers

Precarious employment is a well-established feature in academia, with many lecturers, tutors and professional services staff on forms of fixed-term contract. It is especially a feature of academic development spaces, such as English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programmes, and academic staff and student development programmes. Precarity results in high staff turnover and undermines staff credibility and capacity; these issues may impact student success. Further, for lecturers and tutors themselves, there are implications for their professional identity and sense of legitimacy within their role, department, and university. Using data from qualitative surveys and interviews with academic literacy practitioners in South Africa, this article explores how being precariously employed affects agency and the development of a professional practitioner identity for those on fixed-term contracts. Using aspects of Archer's social realist framework to theorise agency, we show how precarity impacts a sense of purpose and professional self within the university in relation to other academics and students.

History Uploaded: Digital Archives After Thirty Years of Democracy

ABSTRACT This article provides an overview of digital archival projects and online databases developed by scholars and archival practitioners in South Africa since the early 1990s. It sketches key shifts in theory and practice over this period, including the economic and practical perils of digital conservation as heritage and of increasing civic archival activism. It shows that the outlook, aims, and successes of these projects have changed in tune with shifts in the state’s archival legislation, changing publishing economics, decreasing cost of digitisation and equipment, and widening access to the internet. Recent archival projects, such as the Five Hundred Year Archive and EMANDULO Project, illustrate a pioneering trend in South African digital archival practice and are suggestive of the formation of a distinct digital epistemic culture. The article argues that South African scholars and archival practitioners have often been at the forefront of key turns in debates taking place in digital archival practice globally and in Africa.

Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Qualitative Inquiry among Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practitioners in South Africa.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive endocrinopathy affecting 4-20% of females of reproductive age. PCOS and its consequent complications such as infertility, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease significantly impact clinical management. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), including homeopathy, is gaining recognition in PCOS management. There remains a paucity of formal protocols for managing PCOS within homeopathy and other CAM systems. This study aimed to explore and document existing therapeutic practices in the management of PCOS from diagnosis to treatment used by practitioners within various disciplines of CAM: viz., homeopathy, ayurveda, unani tibb, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and naturopathy, in the context of their unique philosophical background. In this explorative, descriptive study, data were collected from CAM practitioners in eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, using semi-structured interviews and analysed using Tesch's and Creswell's methods for qualitative analysis. Four themes emerged from the data, namely: CAM philosophical perspectives on PCOS, contributing factors, diagnosis of PCOS, and management of PCOS. Five sub-themes emerged: clinical diagnosis of PCOS, CAM-specific characterisation of PCOS, CAM-specific treatment of PCOS, adjunctive therapies, and lifestyle interventions. Homeopathic management comprised several prescribing methods, the most common ones being miasmatic/constitutional, keynote and clinical, alongside adjunctive therapies and lifestyle interventions. Other CAM modalities adopted similar holistic approaches. This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of the perceptions, clinical investigations and management practices in PCOS by homeopaths and four other CAM modalities - ayurveda, unani tibb, TCM and naturopathy - as documented in the study. Homeopaths and other CAM practitioners employed CAM-specific therapies, along with adjunctive therapies and lifestyle interventions, adopting holistic approaches. Enhancing the quality of life through emotional counselling, stress reduction and lifestyle improvements emerged as shared objectives across modalities. Our findings underscore the need to further explore inter-disciplinary collaboration in PCOS management among registered CAM practitioners, with the potential to expand the scope of comprehensive care for PCOS patients.

The Legal Practice Act regulations on community service for candidates and legal practitioners in South Africa: are they adequate in promoting access to justice for the indigent?

Die Wet op Regspraktyk 28 van 2014 reguleer alle aspekte van regspraktisyns en kandidaatregspraktisyns se optrede, insluitend die toelatingsvereistes vir kandidate en die vereistes om voort te gaan om te praktiseer vir toegelate praktisyns. Artikel 29 van die Wet op Regspraktyk maak voorsiening vir gemeenskapsdiens deur (a) kandidaatregspraktisyns en (b) praktiserende regspraktisyns. Op 11 Augustus 2023 is gemeenskapsdiens geïmplementeer met die publikasie van die regulasies met betrekking tot die uitvoering van gemeenskapsdiens. Gemeenskapsdiens deur regspraktisyns en kandidate word as deurslaggewend beskou as deel van die proses om die tekort aan regshulp vir behoeftiges in Suid-Afrika aan te spreek. Hierdie regulasies bestaan uit twee afsonderlike dele. Die eerste hou verband met gemeenskapsdiens as ’n klein deel van die praktiese beroepsopleiding van kandidaatregspraktisyns. Beroepsopleiding is die vereiste praktiese opleiding tussen voltooiing van ’n regsgraad en toelating as regspraktisyn. Die tweede deel dek voortgesette gemeenskapsdiens deur praktiserende regspraktisyns. Ingevolge die regulasies word van kandidate – wat reeds in diens is – vereis om agt uur gemeenskapsdiens onder toesig per jaar van hul een of twee jaar se beroepsopleiding te doen. Dit word as ’n jammerlik onvoldoende aantal gemeenskapsdiensure beskou vir kandidate, beide omdat baie beperkte toegang tot regswerk in so ’n tydperk gebied kan word, en omdat kandidate minimale blootstelling sal kry aan die sake van behoeftiges. Dit sal ook nie toegang tot die reg bevorder nie. Verder word geen nuwe indiensneming geskep om gemeenskapsdiens te verrig vir gegradueerdes wat steeds op soek is na praktiese beroepsopleidingskontrakte om te kan kwalifiseer nie, wat problematies is in die konteks van die hoë werkloosheidsyfer van regsgegradueerdes in Suid-Afrika. Wat toegelate regspraktisyns betref, word daar ingevolge die regulasies van hulle verwag om 40 uur gemeenskapsdiens per jaar op ’n deurlopende basis te verrig. Hierdie 40 uur is ’n verhoging van die grootliks onafdwingbare 20 en 24 uur per jaar vir verskillende vertakkings van die regsberoep wat voorheen voor die inwerkingtreding van hierdie bepalings van dié wet in plek was. Die outeur voer aan dat gemeenskapsdiens vir kandidate (soos uiteengesit in die regulasies) onvoldoende is, hoewel die voorsiening vir toegelate praktisyns belowend is. Bogenoemde gevolgtrekkings is gemaak teen die agtergrond van ’n ontleding van die regsposisie in Nederland en België, eersgenoemde wat ’n gebrek aan gemeenskapsdiensvereistes vir toegelate praktisyns het en laasgenoemde wat slegs beperkte diensvereistes vir kandidate toon. Daarteenoor word aangedui dat in ander jurisdiksies in Afrika soos in Malawi en Uganda, wat weliswaar nie deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse gemenereg vorm nie, wel vir verpligte gemeenskapsdiens voorsiening gemaak word.

Core competencies in critical care for general medical practitioners in South Africa: A Delphi study.

Despite a high burden of disease that requires critical care services, there are a limited number of intensivists in South Africa (SA). Medical practitioners at district and regional public sector hospitals frequently manage critically ill patients in the absence of intensivists, despite these medical practitioners having had minimal exposure to critical care during their undergraduate training. To identify core competencies in critical care for medical practitioners who provide critical care services at public sector hospitals in SA where intensivists are not available to direct patient management. A preliminary list of core competencies in critical care was compiled. Thereafter, 13 national and international experts were requested to achieve consensus on a final list of core competencies that are required for critical care by medical practitioners, using a modified Delphi process. A final list of 153 core competencies in critical care was identified. The core competencies identified by this study could assist in developing training programmes for medical practitioners to improve the quality of critical care services provided at district and regional hospitals in SA. The study provides consensus on a list of core competencies in critical care that non-intensivist medical practitioners managing critically ill patients in healthcare settings in South Africa, especially where intensivists are not readily available, should have. The list can form the core content of training programmes aimed at improving critical care competence of general medical practitioners, and in this way hopefully improve the overall outcomes of critically ill patients in South Africa.

Surgical training and capacity development in the South African internship programme.

Medical practitioners in South Africa manage a quadruple burden of disease. Junior doctors, who contribute significantly to the health workforce, must complete 2 years of internship training and 1 year of community service work in state health facilities after graduation to register as an independent medical practitioner. The aim of this article is to give a critical appraisal of the current national internship programme and why it was implemented, and outline suggestions for future changes. There is a compelling need to train competent, confident doctors while ensuring that the requirements and demands of our health system remain a central concern.

Adoption of remote work: implications for tax practitioners

The object of the study is the remote work. The prevalence of remote work has increased, bringing a dual effect for businesses and employees. On the other hand, it has the potential to blur boundaries between family and work responsibilities which can lead to family conflicts. The study investigated the challenges and opportunities of remote work for tax practitioners in South Africa. Drawing from a qualitative research approach, a purposive sampling technique was used to select the participant. The participants were selected based on their lived experience of remote working. The sample for the study comprised fifteen Tax practitioners from eThekwini municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. The study adopted semi-structured telephone interviews as a data collection tool, interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded, while thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that remote work saved Tax practitioners time on travelling to and from work, travel costs and offered a flexible work environment. In addition, privacy, family conflicts, overwork, access to digital devices and lack of digital skills were found to be the main challenges experienced by practitioners working remotely. From the findings, it’s clear that remote work is influenced by invisible and visible factors that affect productivity. Therefore, the systems in remote work should provide a conducive environment that will buffer the factors mentioned in remote work to exploit the opportunities presented by remote work. The study recommends that employers develop new policies that will allow employees to work remotely in an optimised way.

Information Trends in South Africa with Specific Reference to the Development of an Information Policy for the Electronic Media

The Information society in South Africa seems to be much more complex and much less predictable than those in most other countries. In many respects it is a First World country in terms of technology, sophisticat- ed media and computerisation. From that viewpoint, it faces the same kind of complex- ities than any other technological society. On the other hand, it is also a Third World coun- try and an integral part of Africa: from that viewpoint it also has to face a different kind of complexity, namely that of languages, cul- tures, life-styles etc. This makes it difficult to assess and anticipate the effects of global in- formation trends such as information over- load, allenation and resistance, the informa- tion paradox and the Information elite. In planning an information strategy for the country, it seems that thorough analysis of the different audiences and their information needs, accompanied by a careful segmenta- tion strategy, is a very high priority. Deregu- lation and privatisation of the electronic me- dia are also advocated, despite financial difficulties and the risk of information over- load. This will call for a greater responsibili- ty and gatekeeping function on the part of communication practitioners in South Africa. Possible options regarding a deregulation policy for the electronic media in South Africa are also explored.

Last interview

This article pays tribute to Chris Skinner who was a participant in my master’s research entitled“Corporate communication strategy: aligning theory and practice amongst selected publicrelations practitioners in South Africa.” A man who needs no introduction to the South African public relations industry, Chris Skinner was known as a passionate leader and mentor who left indelible footprints as a lecturer andas the author of the highly influential ‘Public Relations Handbook’. A fellow of the Institute forPublic Relations and Communication Management Southern Africa (PRISA); an accreditedpublic relations practitioner and a well respected communication specialist, Skinner had 40 years’experience in business and corporate affairs (LinkedIn, 2017). During his career he worked,amongst others, as a research associate at the Durban University of Technology (DUT) andas a senior consultant with the East and Southern African Management Institute (ESAMI), andcontributed significantly to public relations education, corporate social responsibility, conservationand crisis communication. In addition he served as Chairman of the Wildlife and EnvironmentSociety of South Africa (Amanzimtoti) and president of the Amanzimtoti Rotary Club. Skinner diedon June 9, 2016. It was only after I learned of his death that I realised this might have been his last interview. Iwould like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the contribution he made to public relations,and share his comments on corporate communication strategy.

Determinants of the Empiric Use of Antibiotics by General Practitioners in South Africa: Observational, Analytic, Cross-Sectional Study.

The overuse of antibiotics is the main driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, there has been limited surveillance data on AMR and antibiotic prescribing at a primary healthcare level in South Africa. An observational, analytic, cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess key factors associated with empiric antibiotic prescribing among private sector general practitioners (GPs) in the eThekwini district in South Africa, particularly for patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). A semi-structured web-based questionnaire was used between November 2020–March 2021. One hundred and sixteen (55.5%) responding GPs prescribed antibiotics empirically for patients with ARIs more than 70% of the time, primarily for symptom relief and the prevention of complications. GPs between the ages of 35–44 years (OR: 3.38; 95%CI: 1.15–9.88), >55 years (OR: 4.75; 95% CI 1.08–21) and in practice < 15 years (OR: 2.20; 95%CI: 1.08–4.51) were significantly more likely to prescribe antibiotics empirically. Three factors—workload/time pressures; diagnostic uncertainty, and the use of a formulary, were significantly associated with empiric prescribing. GPs with more experience and working alone were slightly less likely to prescribe antibiotics empirically. These findings indicate that a combination of environmental factors are important underlying contributors to the development of AMR. As a result, guide appropriate interventions using a health system approach, which includes pertinent prescribing indicators and targets.

Examining collaborative buyer-supplier relationships and social sustainability in the "new normal" era: the moderating effects of justice and big data analytical intelligence.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a slew of new business practices that have put the society and environment under strain. This has drawn the attention of supply chain researchers working to address the COVID-19 pandemic's looming social sustainability issues. Prior literature has indicated that collaborative relationships improve organizational performance. Over the past years, problems related to justice are reported (e.g., between Walmart Canada and the Lego group), which might negatively affect the buyer-supplier relationship. In the new normal, the effect of justice on collaborative buyer-supplier relationships on social sustainability in the COVID-19 context is obviously essential but under-explored. The current study examines buyer-supplier collaborative relationships' influence on social sustainability under the moderating effect of justice and big data analytical intelligence. In this paper, we employ the stakeholder resource-based view, loose coupling theory, and resource dependency theory as the theoretical lens to establish the research hypotheses. Using primary survey data collected from supply chain practitioners in South Africa, hypothesis testing is done using a covariance-based structural equation modelling technique. To enhance research rigor, we have checked the dyadic perspectives of both buyers and suppliers. Our empirical results reveal that collaborative buyer-supplier relationships positively influence supplier social sustainability in the new normal era. However, it is relatively stronger from the suppliers' perspective when compared with the buyers' perspective. Secondly, the moderating effect of perceptions of organizational justice and big data analytical intelligence on the relationship between collaborative buyer-supplier relationships and supplier social sustainability is also statistically significant. However, it is relatively stronger from the buyers' perspective when compared with the suppliers' perspective. These are major findings of this study. Theoretical and managerial implications are further discussed.

HPLC-Based Purification and Isolation of Potent Anti-HIV and Latency Reversing Daphnane Diterpenes from the Medicinal Plant Gnidia sericocephala (Thymelaeaceae).

Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV persists in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) due to emerging drug resistance and insufficient drug accessibility. Furthermore, cART does not target latently-infected CD4+ T cells, which represent a major barrier to HIV eradication. The “shock and kill” therapeutic approach aims to reactivate provirus expression in latently-infected cells in the presence of cART and target virus-expressing cells for elimination. An attractive therapeutic prototype in LMICs would therefore be capable of simultaneously inhibiting viral replication and inducing latency reversal. Here we report that Gnidia sericocephala, which is used by traditional health practitioners in South Africa for HIV/AIDS management to supplement cART, contains at least four daphnane-type compounds (yuanhuacine A (1), yuanhuacine as part of a mixture (2), yuanhuajine (3), and gniditrin (4)) that inhibit viral replication and/or reverse HIV latency. For example, 1 and 2 inhibit HIV replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by >80% at 0.08 µg/mL, while 1 further inhibits a subtype C virus in PBMC with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.03 µM without cytotoxicity. Both 1 and 2 also reverse HIV latency in vitro consistent with protein kinase C activation but at 16.7-fold lower concentrations than the control prostratin. Both 1 and 2 also reverse latency in primary CD4+ T cells from cART-suppressed donors with HIV similar to prostratin but at 6.7-fold lower concentrations. These results highlight G. sericocephala and components 1 and 2 as anti-HIV agents for improving cART efficacy and supporting HIV cure efforts in resource-limited regions.

The use of the official indigenous languages in the south african judcial system reimagined, poignant and tacit issues explored

The objects of this research are, First, to highlight the unfair language practice that is still persisting in the South African Judicial System despite the provisions contained in the democratic constitution of equitable use of all official languages. Second, to explore the variables that contribute to this appalling state of affairs where English is predominately used in the South African Judicial System. Third, to suggest possible measures that could be applied to lessen or circumvent the situation.&#x0D; The researcher investigated the following problem, The inadequate use of the official indigenous languages in the South African Judicial System, the reasons behind this practice and its consequences.&#x0D; The main results of the research are, first, English is still the predominately used language in the South African courts of law and minimal use of official indigenous languages in the judicial system is still continuing unabated. Second, language policy regarding the South African Judicial System need to be reviewed with the aim of putting emphasis on the use of official indigenous languages for various activities in the judicial system, secondly, benefits derived from adequate use of official indigenous languages in the judicial system need to be explored more so that maximal participation of people who speak these languages can be achieved. Third, the study has shown that the reason for this inadequate use of the official indigenous languages is as a result of various intertwined variables such as globalisation, economic factors, negative attitudes towards African languages and a lack of existing inclusive language policies regarding the SA judicial system. Fourth, the use English language for various purposes in the judicial system is a linguistic injustice, it portrays the South African judicial system as still not transformed but still colonised.&#x0D; The area of practical use of the research results are, all citizens who seek justice through South African judicial System, Law practitioners in South Africa, human rights organisations, university students and staff members of the criminal justice department.&#x0D; Innovative technological product, Inclusive language policy development measures&#x0D; Scope of the innovative technological product, The practice of multilingualism in the area of law.

First Do No Harm: Legal Principles Regulating the Future of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care in South Africa

What sets AI systems and AI-powered medical robots apart from all other forms of advanced medical technology is their ability to operate at least to some degree autonomously from the human health care practitioner and to use machine-learning to generate new, often unforeseen, analysis and predictions. This poses challenges under the current framework of laws, regulations, and ethical guidelines applicable to health care in South Africa. The article outlines these challenges and sets out guiding principles for a normative framework to regulate the use of AI in health care. The article examines three key areas for legal reform in relation to AI in health care. First, it proposes that the regulatory framework for the oversight of software as a medical device needs to be updated to develop frameworks for adequately regulating the use of such new technologies. Secondly, it argues that the present HPCSA guidelines for health care practitioners in South Africa adopt an unduly restrictive approach centred in the outmoded semantics of telemedicine. This may discourage technological innovation that could improve access to health care for all, and as such the guidelines are inconsistent with the national digital health strategy. Thirdly, it examines the common law principles of fault-based liability for medical negligence, which could prove inadequate to provide patients and users of new technologies with redress for harm where fault cannot clearly be attributed to the healthcare practitioner. It argues that consideration should be given to developing a statutory scheme for strict liability, together with mandatory insurance, and appropriate reform of product liability pertaining to technology developers and manufacturers. These legal reforms should not be undertaken without also developing a coherent, human-rights centred policy framework for the ethical use of AI, robotics, and related technologies in health care in South Africa.

Immersive Technology Implementation in the Construction Industry: Modeling Paths of Risk

The purposes of this paper are to identify risk factors impacting the successful implementation of immersive reality technology (ImT) in the construction industry, analyze these risk factors (impact and probability), assess the relationships among different categories of risk factors, and provide recommendations to improve ImT implementation. A literature review, a pilot test based on expert interviews, and a questionnaire survey were used. First, the risk factors of ImT applications were identified by consulting the relevant literature on virtual reality, mixed reality, and augmented reality; these were subsequently grouped into five categories—technology, operation, individual/worker, investment, and external. Next, a questionnaire survey was designed and distributed to relevant construction practitioners in South Africa (usable response = 175). Twenty-one ImT implementation risk factors were identified, and risk criticality scores ranged from 2.02 to 3.18. High investment cost, the need for extensive worker training, and the possible introduction of new risks for workers were rated as significant risks. The present study confirmed three statistically significant hypothesized risk paths—namely, those between external issues and individual/worker’s concerns, between external issues and investment limitations, and between individual/worker’s concerns and technology concerns. The present study contributes to the literature regarding the adoption of construction technology by providing a list of critical risk factors that could be used to develop models and tools for assessing ImT adoption and guide practitioners involved in integrating ImTs.

Generic skills of future built environment practitioners in South Africa: unexplored mechanism via students’ perception

PurposeResearchers and policymakers have given attention to generic skills development in higher institutions. One of the intentions is to broaden graduate employability with generic skills. In South Africa, there is a paucity of research concerning future built environment practitioners’ (FBEP) generic skills development from the students’ perspective. Thus, this paper aims to investigate South Africa’s FBEP generic skills and suggest feasible solutions to improve FBEP generic skills from the students’ perception.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers collated the views of FBEP via a phenomenology type of qualitative research design. It covered selected South African public universities and investigated the discourses that underpin “perceived hindrance” in developing generic skills for FBEP. Selected 30 FBEP were engaged in the virtual interviews across three public universities. Data saturation was achieved. Three themes emerged and were analysed through a thematic analysis.FindingsFindings show that FBEP generic skills development will enhance integrated productivity and higher value for money in construction project delivery. But developing these skills demands a holistic approach. Findings have raised concern with the perceived hindrances facing FBEP in developing generic skills. Findings suggest the need to revisit and revamp the curricula to develop these skills and strengthen policies that will “nip” possible hindrances.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was limited to South Africa’s FBEP generic skills from students’ perception. In line with the limited resources, three public universities were covered from the selected provinces in South Africa. Future research with a more diverse sample is needed to ensure a better representative and generalisation of findings.Practical implicationsFindings show that apart from academic knowledge system thinking skills, civic responsibility skills and critical thinking skills are germane for intending construction industry professionals. Others are integrated teamwork skills, good attitude and communication skills, entrepreneurship skills and resources management skills. Findings from this paper may stir up the education sector’s stakeholders to revamp the curricula in enhancing these skills among students from the basic to higher institutions. The outcome will improve productivity in the construction industry.Originality/valueAlthough few scholars have discussed generic skills in the built environment, there are limited studies from the students’ context in developing countries, a South Africa case study, a gap this research aims to fill. Also, it proffers ways to mitigate perceived hindrances facing FBEP in developing generic skills.