Practitioners In Detection Research Articles

Identification of raccoon rabies virus variant in a stray kitten: the role of veterinary practitioners in detection and reporting of a non-native zoonotic pathogen-Nebraska, 2023.

Rabies is a fatal encephalitic disease affecting all mammals. This report describes identification of raccoon rabies virus variant isolated from a stray kitten in an urban Midwestern city that is nonendemic for this virus variant. The kitten originally presented with nonspecific neurologic abnormalities. Astute veterinary, wildlife, and public health professionals played a critical role in the identification of this fatal zoonotic disease and the extensive public health and wildlife management response that ensued. This case serves as an important reminder of the risk of rabies in unvaccinated animals or those without known vaccination status, including stray animals.

Improving Detection and Response to Respiratory Events - Kenya, April 2016-April 2020.

Respiratory pathogens, such as novel influenza A viruses, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and now, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are of particular concern because of their high transmissibility and history of global spread (1). Clusters of severe respiratory disease are challenging to investigate, especially in resource-limited settings, and disease etiology often is not well understood. In 2014, endorsed by the Group of Seven (G7),* the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) was established to help build country capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease threats.† GHSA is a multinational, multisectoral collaboration to support countries towards full implementation of the World Health Organization's International Health Regulations (IHR).§ Initially, 11 technical areas for collaborator participation were identified to meet GHSA goals. CDC developed the Detection and Response to Respiratory Events (DaRRE) strategy in 2014 to enhance country capacity to identify and control respiratory disease outbreaks. DaRRE initiatives support the four of 11 GHSA technical areas that CDC focuses on: surveillance, laboratory capacity, emergency operations, and workforce development.¶ In 2016, Kenya was selected to pilot DaRRE because of its existing respiratory disease surveillance and laboratory platforms and well-developed Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) (2). During 2016-2020, Kenya's DaRRE partners (CDC, the Kenya Ministry of Health [MoH], and Kenya's county public health officials) conceptualized, planned, and implemented key components of DaRRE. Activities were selected based on existing capacity and determined by the Kenya MoH and included 1) expansion of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) surveillance sites; 2) piloting of community event-based surveillance; 3) expansion of laboratory diagnostic capacity; 4) training of public health practitioners in detection, investigation, and response to respiratory threats; and 5) improvement of response capacity by the national emergency operations center (EOC). Progress on DaRRE activity implementation was assessed throughout the process. This pilot in Kenya demonstrated that DaRRE can support IHR requirements and can capitalize on a country's existing resources by tailoring tools to improve public health preparedness based on countries' needs.

Summary of Indonesian Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is characterized by compromised bone strength and increase susceptibility to frature. The problem of osteoporosis is increasing in Indonesia. The Indonesian Osteoporosis Guideline was developed to increase the awareness of medical practitioners in detection and management of osteoporosis. Early detection and prevention is of paramount importance. Assessment of risk factors is an integral part of the management of osteoporosis.

La filière de soin des suicidants aux urgences

In France, a suicide attempt is recorded every 40 seconds, and a death by suicide occurs every 40 minutes. Suicide is the primary cause of mortality in people aged between 15 and 45 years. Suicidal tendencies have been identified as a major public health issue since the 1990s. Mental illnesses (including depression, schizophrenia, and addictions) as well as any personal and family history of suicidal behaviour are major risk factors. Identification and treatment of people in a suicide crisis and/or making a suicide attempt can help prevent repeated suicide attempts. Recommendations for good practice make a hospital, and in particular the emergency departments, a requisite location where a multidisciplinary approach is available. This leads to the need to organize a care process from reception to guidance based on an evaluation in three steps: physical, psychological, and social. The implementation of hospital care and/or intensive outpatient follow-up needs to be adjusted to match each situation. Training general practitioners in detection and treatment of suicidal patients and/or those suffering from depression is critical. Training is also necessary for teams in the emergency departments and in the crisis services with specialisation in handling suicidal adolescents or elderly people in some of them. The emergency wards are also, in a large number of cases, the first place of contact with a psychiatric. The quality of welcoming initial cares, relationships between the nursing staff and carers within the hospital and between the downstream organisations will determine to what extent the patients being treated will continue their treatment, will ensure the continuity of care, and will help to prevent repeated attempts.

The role of the general dental practitioner in detection and prevention of oral cancer: a review of the literature.

Over the last two decades little progress appears to have been made in reducing the incidence and number of deaths associated with oral cancer. The most recently available Scottish data indicate a steady rise in both incidence of, and mortality rates from, tongue and 'mouth' cancer, supporting previous observations of a steady rise in the incidence of oral cancer since the mid 1970s. Very little improvement in 5-year survival rates for oral cancer has been observed in England and Wales and, over the last 30 years, survival rates in Scotland have actually declined. Although many dentists are committed to examining the mouth for oral cancer, the majority still feel uncomfortable with involvement in patient education. Clearly scope exists for dental practitioners to improve patient awareness of both oral cancer itself and the risk factors associated with the disease. Dental teams should be aware of the opportunities within dental practice to contribute to preventive initiatives--such as smoking cessation.

Oral manifestations of AIDS: a study of 84 patients

Early diagnosis of AIDS is vital in providing appropriate referral for medical care and counseling. Subtle intraoral signs and symptoms identified by the dental practitioner can aid in the diagnosis of the disease. Because the role of the practitioner in detection and treatment of AIDS patients is becoming greater, signs found in 84 patients are described.