English Language Teaching Practices Research Articles

Is Indonesia's ELT Implementation Already Aligned with the Concept of 21st Century Language Teaching?

The 21st century demands that students acquire the 4C’s skills so that they can face future challenges. In that case, English teachers have to select particular teaching methods or techniques to assist the students in sharpening their 4C skills. Therefore, to make the teaching relevant and effective, teachers should understand the notion of 21st-century language teaching and implement particular teaching methods and strategies that suit their needs. This research is aimed at examining if English language teaching in Indonesia has turned to the ideas of 21st-century education based on the student’s point of view. To seek the answer, this research employed a descriptive-qualitative approach. There were 58 secondary student participants from public and private schools. A survey, documents, and FGD were used as the instruments to collect the data. The data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that many of our English language teaching practices in Indonesia were still conducted with a teacher-centered approach, focused on language components rather than sharpening their holistic knowledge, and rarely integrated with technology. In conclusion, based on the students’ perspectives, ELT in their schools has not tuned to the notion of 21st-century education. It was indicated by three reasons discussed in the study. Keywords: ELT; Language; Learning; Perspectives; Students; Teaching.

영어교육 위기 상황에서의 융합 영어영문학의 역할

This study aims to offer how English language education based on English literary works (including children's literature) can respond more actively to the current crisis in which 'Korean-style' English language education is heading towards collapse. This study also aims to help English language instructors and scholars themselves understand the pedagogical, ethical, and political aspects of their teaching and research so that learning should be at the heart of all transformative actions against the crisis in the way that English language education can help EFL learners acquire a strong sense of agency, practice critical thinking, and respond to and initiate changes against the crisis. This study 1) critically reflects on the communicative approach that has long dominated our English language teaching and learning; 2) examines the hybridity and non-convergence of the various foreign language teaching and learning principles and methodologies introduced so far and attempts to develop new convergent English language teaching principles, directions, and methodologies with a humanistic approach as the centerpiece; and finally, 3) explores the necessity, importance, and methodology of shifting to content-competence- based English language teaching. It is hoped that these efforts can be integrated to overcome the gap between English language teaching practices and the world outside the classroom, thus helping overcome the current crisis in English language education from within and outside.

Enhancing English Language Review Sessions with Concept Mapping: A Junior Middle School Study

This study delves into the effectiveness of concept mapping as a pedagogical tool in the context of junior middle school English education. It contrasts the traditional review methods commonly employed in the classroom with innovative, visual learning strategies, specifically focusing on the use of concept maps. Through a carefully structured quasi- experimental design, the research was conducted across two parallel classes, enabling a controlled comparison between traditional teaching methodologies and the concept mapping approach. The primary aim was to assess the impact of concept mapping on students' academic performance, particularly in areas such as vocabulary acquisition, grammar understanding, and text comprehension skills. Additionally, the study sought to evaluate how concept mapping influences student engagement and enthusiasm for learning English. The findings from this research are quite revealing, demonstrating that students exposed to concept mapping showed significant improvements not only in their academic performance but also in their overall engagement with the learning material. These improvements were observed across multiple dimensions of language learning, including enhanced vocabulary retention, a deeper understanding of grammatical structures, and improved ability to comprehend and analyze texts. Such outcomes suggest that concept mapping, as a visual learning tool, can play a transformative role in educational practices, especially in the context of language learning. By leveraging the visual and interactive nature of concept maps, educators can create more dynamic and effective review sessions. This approach not only facilitates a deeper understanding of the material but also promotes greater retention of the English language among junior middle school students. The study underscores the potential of integrating visual learning strategies into traditional educational paradigms, offering a compelling case for the adoption of concept mapping as a standard practice in English language teaching and learning.

Unravelling the deficit ideologies in English language education in Pakistan: A decolonial perspective

AbstractIn this study the author combines translingualism and raciolinguistic perspectives to analyze the language ideologies and idealized listening/reading subject positions that undergird discourses on English language teaching in Pakistan. Drawing on data from national policy documents, the national curriculum for English, and English proficiency assessment reports, he shows how discourses on English as a medium of instruction, the English language curriculum, and assessment in Pakistan are fraught with deficit ideologies that emphasize a particular view of English proficiency that serves as an imaginary line of demarcation between proficient and deficient English teachers and reinforce linguistic and socioeconomic hierarchies. Instead of reified, Anglo‐normative orientations to English proficiency, the author proposes a translingual orientation that places students' multilingual identities at the center of English language teaching (ELT) practices. He concludes with a call for ELT practitioners and critical language scholars to develop organic links between classroom translingualism and political activism in order to dismantle socioeconomic hierarchies.

Teachers’ perspectives on effective English language teaching practices at the elementary level: A phenomenological study

This study examined instructional practices and challenges English language teachers face in elementary schools. This study used a phenomenological approach and a mixed-method design. The data were collected through four tools: questionnaires, case studies, interviews, and observations in eight elementary schools in which eight educators and two hundred students participated from schools of three districts in central Punjab, Pakistan. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of teachers and students regarding the current pedagogical and instructional practices employed in English language classes. This study identified issues related to the lack of professional training and qualifications, overcrowded classrooms, cultural and social barriers, limited availability of the latest resources and technology, and a lack of parental cooperation. The findings suggested revisiting teachers’ professional development programs, focusing on innovative teaching methods, incorporating technology into language teaching classes and classroom materials development, and adaptation preparation. It further suggested that teachers with low levels of professional qualifications and training should consider focusing on specific approaches to meet the challenges they face in language classes instead of general teaching approaches.

Cross-Cultural Context in ELT in Nepal

This study explored the teachers’ practices of English Language Teaching (ELT) in cross-cultural context. Two teachers teaching English at secondary level schools located at Kapilvastu Municipality, Kapilvastu District were interviewed through zoom meeting to excavate the findings. While teaching in the multi-cultural classroom, teacher participants experienced communication misunderstandings and misinterpretations of the meaning due to the cultural differences of the students. Teachers were in need of the trainings for developing their professionalism in teaching effectively to multicultural students and in multicultural classrooms. However, they were not being facilitated with any kind of multi-cultural students teaching trainings so that they could make their teaching more effective to the students from diverse cultural backgrounds and linguistic differences. The study revealed that teachers had to teach in diverse cultural classes, shared learning of culture was practised using contextualization method and linguistics chaos was dug out in meaning construction. English language teaching and learning were influenced by mother tongues, cultural differences and cultural domination.

Prospective English language teachers' understandings of global English language teaching

AbstractDespite various calls for a thorough re‐conceptualization of current English language teaching (ELT) practices, incorporating courses for critical perspectives on linguistic and cultural diversity is still a major challenge in most teacher education programmes in many English as a foreign language (EFL) countries. Therefore, we explored the evolving perspectives of English as a global language among Turkish pre‐service English teachers (PELTs) in response to a global Englishes‐focused curriculum. Using self‐report data, the study reveals participants' complex and diverse views on language varieties in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) communication, driven by various reasons. After a GE‐oriented course, most participants shifted to plurilithic orientations as they softened their beliefs in native‐speaker English superiority and developed a more sophisticated understanding of English. Seven participants with monolithic orientation appeared to reduce the complex and dynamic nature of language to racialized stereotypes associated with native speaker norms. Based on the findings, how language orientations and ideologies may inform teacher preparation in language teaching was discussed. Several recommendations for further research and preparation of PELTs were made.

ELF Communication Strategies: A Pedagogical Intervention Pilot Study

AbstractThis study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of ELF communication strategy instruction for university students’ communicative competence. Conceptual studies on ELF‐informed pedagogy stress the importance of teaching strategies, which promote mutual understanding and positive relationships, but few empirical pedagogical studies exist. This gap seriously hinders efforts to develop more inclusive English language and intercultural communication teaching practices that meet real‐world communication needs. In response, this pilot study developed and tested the effectiveness of instructional materials and assessment instruments for teaching ELF communication strategies. These materials were pilot tested with 26 L1 and LX English speaking participants. The two assessments resulted in statistically significant improvements from pre‐ to posttest with small effect sizes. Participant opinion survey responses were overwhelmingly positive. Based on these encouraging preliminary results, follow‐up pedagogical studies should expand on this pilot study to yield a more comprehensive understanding of ELF communication strategy instruction.

ChatGPT and ELT: Exploring Teachers’ Voices

This study investigates the perceptions of English language teachers regarding the use of ChatGPT in English Language Teaching (ELT). The study aims to fill the research gap by exploring teachers' perspectives on the integration of ChatGPT as an instructional tool and its implications for ELT practices. Using a mixed methods approach, the study employed focus group discussions and an online survey to gather insights from a sample of 115 English language teachers in Metro Manila, Philippines. Findings revealed English language teachers’ perspectives on the use of ChatGPT in ELT including potential use of ChatGPT in ELT (e.g., integration for vocabulary expansion and writing practice and enhancing language fluency and communication), potential benefits of ChatGPT to English languge learners (e.g., translation and language comprehension support, conversational practice and language development, access to information and cultural understanding), and potential limitations of using ChatGPT in ELT (e.g., cheating and plagiarism, lack contextual understanding and nuance, reliability and accuracy of information). These findings shed light on teachers' perceptions of ChatGPT as a language teaching tool including ChatGPT’s integration into ELT, use of ChatGPT in writing activities, use of ChatGPT in improving language skills, and other benefits of using ChatGPT, including teachers' concerns regarding the authenticity of AI-generated content and the potential impact on language learning outcomes. The findings of this research contribute to the existing literature on the integration of AI technology in ELT and offer practical recommendations for educators seeking to leverage the potential of ChatGPT in language teaching. By giving voice to teachers' perspectives, this study underscores the importance of considering teachers' perceptions and experiences when incorporating emerging technologies like ChatGPT into the ELT classroom. Ultimately, this research aims to foster a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics between AI technology and language teaching, paving the way for informed decision-making and effective implementation in the field of ELT.

Teachers’ Perceived Value of Integrating ICT in Transposing English Language Teaching in Nepal

In the evolving landscape of English Language Teaching (ELT), the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has emerged as a fundamental pedagogical approach. This research delves into the perceptions and value attributed by teachers in Nepal towards the incorporation of ICT tools and methodologies in their teaching practices. I have used content analysis method to gather the related field of studies and analysed the data. Findings indicate that significant challenges such as limited technology access, lack of trainings, administrative support, over-load of unnecessary paper-work cause major obstacles in transposing ICT in classroom. However, ICT also offers great opportunities to transfer the traditional teaching practices, develop ICT skills, access to vast source of information and more importantly, the potential era for a paradigm shifts in the recent practices. The study emphasizes the need for a strategic approach, including investment in technology infrastructure, teacher training and supportive policy environment, to enhance ICT integration in ELT classrooms. In addition, the study provides valuable insights for policy makers, educators, researchers, and other stakeholders in their efforts to integrate ICT in teaching and learning in Nepal. Most importantly, this research contributes to the escalating discourse on ICT integration in ELT by providing nuanced insights grounded in the Nepalese context. The findings advocate for a holistic approach encompassing infrastructural development, targeted professional development initiatives, and transformative pedagogical strategies to optimize the potential benefits of ICT in transposing English language teaching practices in Nepal.

An Analysis of the Innovation of English Teaching Strategies and Their Impact on Learning Effectiveness in the Age of Big Data

Abstract In recent years, a wealth of research on English language teaching practice has emerged in the academic community at home and abroad, mainly focusing on the use of teachers’ strategies in the English language teaching classroom and less on whether the use of strategies can enhance students’ English language learning effectiveness. In this paper, we look for the factors affecting the effectiveness of English learning from the two subjects of teachers and students respectively, identify the main variables of the study, and put forward the relevant research hypotheses. By using partial least squares regression to construct a model of research impact on learning effectiveness, a regression test is proposed that utilizes Person’s correlation analysis as a benchmark. The research data were collected by means of an online survey, and in the descriptive statistics of the variables, the content mastery measure of the sense of learning goal effectiveness scored the highest at 4.253, and the learning content explanation of the English teaching innovation was adequate. The R2 of English learning strategies and goal effectiveness sense is 0.289 and adjusted is 0.265, the F value is 378.621, and the P value is less than 0.001, which is positive and significant. The more frequently English teaching innovation strategies are used in this study, the higher the sense of goal efficacy, which can significantly improve the effectiveness of learning.

Student Teachers’ Practices: A Case of English Language Teaching Classrooms

The primary purpose of carrying out the study was to explore English language teaching (ELT) practices adopted by the student teachers (STs) in their classrooms and to examine the effectiveness of teaching practice (TP) of Janapriya Multiple Campus (JMC), Pokhara Nepal. The information was collected through unstructured tools such as observation, questionnaire, and focused group discussion (FGD). The collected information was analyzed through qualitative methods. The STs were found punctual, dedicated, and responsible in their TP. They were found practicing various classroom activities such as language games, role plays, discussions, group works, pair works, translations, question and answer, and drillings during their TP. In addition, they also were found conducting various activities in the classrooms such as debates, storytelling, essay writing, quiz contests, and eloquence. Moreover, they also carried out a case study and wrote a report, prepared a Secondary Education Examination (SEE) model question, constructed various types of questions, observed three peers’ classes, and kept a record of their classroom activities and teaching materials. Completing all the required activities, the STs performed effectively during their TP. The findings of the study can be useful to make the TP more effective.

Learning English Across Borders: Nepali Students’ Experiences in Nepal and Australia

The students’ experiences, perceptions, and outcomes of learning English may be affected by the different methods and practices of English Language Teaching (ELT). Methods and strategies used in ELT may differ from one country to another due to various factors. This qualitative study employed an interpretive framework and narrative inquiry approach to explore the way Nepali students learned English in Nepali and Australian contexts. The participants involved five Nepali students who studied an advanced-level English for Academic Preparation (EAP) course at Melbourne City College Australia (MCCA). The researcher employed snowball sampling to select the subjects. The technique used in data collection was a semi-structured interview. All the interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was coded and categorized using thematic analysis to find common themes and patterns. The findings revealed significant differences in the teaching methods, vocabulary instruction, feedback practices, and technology use. The study emphasized the importance of using pedagogical strategies that foster communication skills, contextual vocabulary learning, constructive feedback, and technology integration for effective ELT.

Application of TBLT (Task-based language teaching approach) in English teaching in junior high schools and universities

Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) offers a student-centered approach that encourages meaningful interactions and authentic language use, aligning with the growing emphasis on communicative language teaching. Researching TBLT can contribute to improving English language teaching practices by exploring innovative instructional methods. Thus, through literature review, this paper provides an overview on the application and effects of TBLT in English language education in middle school and university settings. In addition, the demerits of TBLT are also analyzed to provide a critical view and suggestions. This paper aims to examine the rationale for researching TBLT in English language teaching, discuss the research methods employed, outline the main themes explored, and emphasize the importance of such research.

Situacionnaya model' prepodavaniya anglijskogo yazyka v vuzah Kitaya v kontekste teorii «zhiznennogo obrazovaniya» Tao Sinchzhi

This article expounds Mr. Tao Xingzhi’s life education theory, and closely links it with university ELT (English language teaching) practice, and analyzes the important role of life education theory in university ELT practice, so as to put forward some application strategies of life education theory in combination with university ELT practice, which leads to high language learning efficiency.

PELATIHAN PENERAPAN KURIKULUM MERDEKA BELAJAR DI DALAM KONTEKS PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS

This article reports a community service program held by the Master’s Program in English Language Education at the Faculty of Language Arts, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, in collaboration with the Salatiga Education Department. The program was in the form of teachers’ training about best practices of implementing the Merdeka Belajar curriculum in the English language teaching and learning practices. Thirty-six (36) English teachers in junior high schools in Salatiga participated in this training from July 31 – August 1, 2023. There were five main sessions in the training, namely (1) critical thinking and Merdeka belajar, (2) differentiated instruction in the ELT contexts/EFL classrooms, (3) digital text-based learning for teaching English in secondary schools, (4) best practices in technology-enhanced language learning, and (5) the implementation of Merdeka Belajar curriculum: A reflection. Brief descriptions of what the presenters discussed in each of their sessions, directions for future community service programs, and research are presented.

SURVEY ON VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES OF HIGH–QUALITY ENGLISH STUDIES PROGRAM STUDENTS, SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES, CAN THO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM

This research study aimed to investigate the usage of vocabulary learning strategies among English Studies students at Can Tho University (CTU), specifically those under the high-quality program at the School of Foreign Languages (SFL). The primary objective of the study was to identify the most commonly used strategies for learning English vocabulary and to compare the similarities and differences in how these strategies were applied among students by academic year. A total of 200 survey responses from SFL, CTU got involved in the study, and 12 of whom joined a semi-structured interview. The data gathered were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results of this study provided insights into effective vocabulary learning strategies and would facilitate the improvement of English language teaching and learning practices at the university level.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0031/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Freirean Strategies in Meaningful Learning

Employing a qualitative research method and Freire’s critical pedagogy as the main lens, this study explores the techniques of using the contextual approach in the context of secondary level public school in Nepal. Critical pedagogy is seen as one of the burning theories to uplift marginalized learners for equity to enhance the quality of education in the field of English language teaching. Contextualized teaching is not a new approach where its usefulness is understood and practiced. And for lack of training and traditional teaching model still being dominant, this approach has yet to take traction in many school levels of English teaching in Nepal. Data are obtained from participants in-depth interviews and written documents, which were transcribed and analyzed for developing themes. Teachers who have been teaching for long years at secondary level applying contextual approach were purposefully selected as the participants for this study. Through the eyes of the participants the natural world was seen and reached in the conclusion incorporating the practises and experiences. Based on the perspectives of participants and practices the collected data were interpreted and analyzed. Moreover, my own past experience as a student in a rural public school in Nepal also provides the initial drive for this study. Triangulation of data suggests that contextualizing English language teaching practices exists and exhibits in multiple ways and they need to be fore grounded for the benefits they have for innovative teaching, organic leaning, linking learning with real life, and providing students with tools and opportunity to empower themselves as well as own learning.

Teachers’ Perception and Practice of English Language Teaching Following CLT Approach in Chinese Higher Education - A Study of Two Higher Educational Institutions in China

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of teachers’ perception and practice of English language teaching in the implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach in two Chinese universities, which was conducted with three pragmatic purposes: 1). to investigate teachers’ perception on the characteristics of CLT approach used in English language teaching; 2). to identify teachers’ perceived practice of instructional strategies with CLT approach in helping students develop their communicative language skills; 3). to explore the problems and obstacles in the midst of English language teaching with it. The mixed methodology of (Quant +qual) approaches was employed in this study. The data was collected from forty college English teachers who were working at the Department of Applied English through survey questionnaire, a case study, and semi-structured phone-call interview. The findings revealed that almost teachers’ perception and practice had a noticeably positive correlativity with the characteristics of CLT approach in ELT, directly manifesting that the three intricate characteristics and instructional strategies of CLT approach in practice as they’ve frequently perceived highly related to the improvement of students’ English language communication skills, respectively. Nevertheless, some problems and obstacles were likewise illustrated, which probed to be difficultly operated in prolific English language teaching class within CLT approach. Implications for the study are that teachers’ perception and practice of ELT with the characteristics of CLT approach have meaningful effects on ELT development in Chinese higher education as well as the exhibited issues in class operation profoundly requires consideration to be kept from in college class.

Exploring the Relationship between Language Attitude and Language Awareness towards World Englishes: A case of Indonesian pre-service English Teachers

Introduction. World Englishes (WE) is an important topic, especially regarding pre-service English teachers' attitude and awareness towards the plurality of WE in English language teaching (ELT) practices. Many previous studies have discussed language attitude and language awareness separately. In contrast, research into the relationship between language attitude and awareness towards WE, especially in the context of pre-service English teachers, has not been widely explored.
 Purpose. This study aims to fill the gap by researching the relationship between language attitudes and awareness of WE among pre-service English teachers, and its implication for their teaching practice.
 Method. This study employed a mixed-method approach using correlational and interview-based research. The research data was obtained from 62 respondents who filled out questionnaires from three universities in Jakarta and Tangerang, Indonesia. In addition, there were nine interviewees.
 Results. The results showed a weak relationship between Indonesian language attitude and awareness of WE pre-service English teachers. Respondents indicated a positive attitude towards WE but had moderate awareness.
 Conclusion. We concluded that pre-service English teachers view WE as an essential topic, but they tend not to teach WE because they have to obey the school curriculum.