Practices Of Diabetic Patients Research Articles

Foot care knowledge and practices of diabetic patients

Foot care knowledge and practices of diabetic patients

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diabetic Patients About Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia in Atbara Teaching Hospital, December 2022 – October 2023

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which can increase the risk of micro and macro vascular complications. Hypoglycemia strongly associated with increase mortality in diabetic patients. The American Diabetes Association defines the hypoglycaemia as “any abnormally low plasma glucose concentration that exposes the subject to potential harm”, and proposes a threshold of <70 mg/dl. Prevention of hypoglycaemia can occur if much efforts spent in patient education regarding risk factors, food & physical activity, warning signs, and treatment of hypoglycaemia at an early stage. Objective: To identify Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diabetic patients about symptoms of Hypoglycaemia at Atbara teaching hospital. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study done in Atbara teaching hospital, River Nile state, Sudan. From December 2022 – October 2023. The study population were all diabetic patients who presented to the hospital during the period of the study. Exclusion criteria was severely ill patient or those who refuse to participate in the study. With total coverage sample size was 200. The data was collected by interviewing the respondents through close ended questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS. Result: The male to female ratio equal one. With the predominant age between 20 to 35. Most of the participants HBA1c were between 7%-10%. The duration of diabetes was not exceeding 10 years in 44% of the participants. Majority were on oral hypoglycemic drugs with good adherence to it. Tremor is the most reported symptoms of hypoglycemia. With most of the participants deal with the symptoms by them self. Conclusion: Over all the participants show acceptable level of knowledge toward hypoglycemia. Expressed through that most of them deal with the symptoms immediately by them self. Attitude of the participant need to be more investigated in the future with further studies.

IDF23-0118 Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Diabetic Patients on Ocular Complications of Diabetes in Lomé (Togo)

IDF23-0118 Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Diabetic Patients on Ocular Complications of Diabetes in Lomé (Togo)

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding the Risk of Diabetic Feet Among Diabetic Patients in the Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction A patient suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) has a high chance of developing a diabetic foot. Awareness and attitude towardthe prevention of diabetic foot ulcers are necessary for a better quality of life. Educating patients with diabetes about the methods of foot care plays an important role in preventing diabetic foot complications in individuals with DM. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices of diabetic patients about the risk of diabetic feet in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted using an online questionnaire. Participants were older than 18 years of age. IBMSPSSStatistics for Windows, Version 27 (Released 2020; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used for data analysis. The questionnaire included patient personal data, patients' knowledge regarding diabetic feet, attitude, and practice regarding the risk of diabetic feet among diabetic patients. Results A total of 1155 participants completed the questionnaire. Exactly 79.9% of people had good knowledge regarding diabetic feet and their care. The analysis revealed that age, gender, education level, and family history of DMare all significant predictors of knowledge levels among the participants. The majority of participants strongly agreed that diabetic patients should promptly seek medical assistance in case of any foot infections (90.8%) and take regular checkups (76.5%). Regarding foot care practices, people generally take good care of their feet but do not seek checkups until they experience symptoms (81.8%). Conclusion The study showed that participants had good knowledge about diabetic feet and a careful attitude towardthem. Their practices towarddiabetic feet were acceptable; however, the issue of late medical consultation after the development of symptomatology needs to be addressed.

Examining Influenza Vaccination Patterns and Barriers: Insights into Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Diabetic Adults (A Cross-Sectional Survey).

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent global chronic condition affecting individuals of all ages. People with diabetes face an elevated risk of lower respiratory tract infections such as pulmonary tuberculosis, influenza, and pneumonia. Additionally, the influenza virus increases the likelihood of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of diabetic patients regarding the influenza vaccine. This study involved 418 diabetic patients (53.3% female) at Jordanian outpatient respiratory clinics, with an average age of 49 (±14) years. The results showed that 70.6% had never received the influenza vaccine, and only 23.7% intended to do so in the current year. A positive attitude toward the influenza vaccine significantly reduced hesitancy to get vaccinated (OR = 0.505, 95% CI 0.424-0.601, p < 0.001). The duration of diabetes exhibited a positive association with vaccine hesitancy (OR = 1.053, 95% CI 1.006-1.102, p = 0.028). The primary reason for not getting vaccinated was a lack of awareness of its benefits (42.6%). Future health education programs should emphasize the importance of the influenza vaccine for diabetic patients and address their concerns.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Diabetic Patients toward Diabetic Retinopathy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background: To document knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) patterns of diabetic patients regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR), to determine associations between them, and to identify barriers to compliance with follow up and treatment regimes. Method: This is a cross-sectional study including 504 participants who attended the outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. The participants included diabetic patients and questionnaires were completed to collect information about their sociodemographic and healthcare characteristics. A Chi-square test and Pearson correlation test were performed to analyze the data. Results: A total of 504 participants were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 62.84 ± 7.62 years and a mean diabetes duration of 12 ± 4.42 years. The majority (65.07%) of the participants had higher secondary education or above. Good knowledge, a positive attitude, and poor DR practices were observed in 56.34%, 68%, and 66.6% of participants, respectively. The most common barrier to complying with regular follow-up despite having knowledge were domestic issues (no family support, lack of transport). Conclusion: The study reported good knowledge and attitude about DR among type 2 diabetics with relatively poor eye-care practices. Therefore, it is recommended that a collaborative approach amongst primary care providers, ophthalmologists, diabetologists, and health policy makers is necessary to transform this good knowledge and attitude into good practices.

Diabetes Awareness and Complications in Patients from Clinics in the Centre Region, Cameroon

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with complications having significant morbidity and mortality on the populations. It is a growing condition in developing countries, which are hosting nearly 75% of the world's diabetic patients. In the present study, we assessed the knowledge, attitude and practices of diabetic patients about the disease risk factors (smoking, alcohol, lack of exercise), and determined the frequencies of complications and some links between risks factors and complications in patients attending health clinics in the centre region of Cameroon. Methodology: The study was conducted from June 2017 to June 2020 in diabetes clinics of the Centre region of Cameroon. Diabetic patients attending the clinics for routine follow-up were enrolled in the study after they consented and signed an informed consent form. Their socio-demographic data, dietetic habit (eating, cigarette and alcohol intake, physical activity) were recorded on a questionnaire while the disease complications were obtained from their medical record. Results: A total of 588 patients were involved in the study including 68.20% females and 31.80% males. Fourteen (2.4%) patients were type 1 diabetes while 96.60% were type 2 diabetes. The mean age of participants was 31.28 ± 4.38 and 59.00 ± 12.21 years old for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively 37.52% participants regularly consumed alcohol whereas 3.74% were smokers. Complications of diabetes such as hypertension and ketoacidosis were detected in 62% and 15% of the diabetic participants, respectively. Physical activity significantly prevented or delayed the onset of hypertension, stroke and dyslipidemia. Significant association was observed between stroke and dyslipidemia in smokers as compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: This study reveals that diabetic patients had poor level of awareness, non-appropriated attitude toward preventing the outcome of disease complications.

The Impact of Knowledge, Perception on the Major Amputation in People with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge and practice of diabetic patients in terms of the diabetic foot and correlate it with the severity of diabetic foot and limb loss.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-sectional study&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Vascular Surgery, Combined military hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan 2020 to Jan 2021.&#x0D; Methodology: Data was recorded in terms of demographics, knowledge and practice of control of blood sugars and foot care of the patients. SINDBAD scoring was used to assess the severity of diabetic foot and compare it with their knowledge and practice and ultimately as an outcome of their limb salvage.&#x0D; Results: Most patients 171(88.6%) already had a diabetic foot ulcer. Hypertension alone 72(37.3%) was the most common comorbid condition. A large percentage of patients, 108(63%), ultimately ended up with a limb amputation. A higher age and longer duration of diabetes were associated with an adverse outcome of diabetic foot disease. According to the SINDBAD scoring, the assessment of the foot showed the majority 142(73.6%), had lost protective sensation, with the ulcer being greater than 1cm2 in a large number 147(76.2%) of feet.&#x0D; Conclusion: While steps are made for patient awareness related to diabetes and its complications, there is a need to address the decreased applicability of this knowledge by the patients, especially with regard to diabetic foot disease.&#x0D;

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Diabetic Patients Following Up In King Khalid University Hospital about Insulin Use; a Cross-Sectional Study

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Diabetic Patients Following Up In King Khalid University Hospital about Insulin Use; a Cross-Sectional Study

Knowledge and self-reported practice of insulin injection device disposal and associated factors among diabetes patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a serious long-term condition with a major impact on the lives and well-being, of societies worldwide. Poor disposal practices of devices potentially result in personal injury and injuries to people in the household and the general community. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and self-reported practice of insulin injection device disposal and associated factors among diabetes patients in TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 182 adults with diabetes. The study participants were selected through systematic random sampling. Data were collected from March/17/2020 - May/18/2020. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4. 6 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression with crude and adjusted odds ratios along with the 95% confidence interval was computed and interpreted accordingly. Good practice and adequate knowledge were defined based on median calculation; a result above the median value of good practice and adequate knowledge with a p - value &lt; 0.05 was considered to declare a result as statistically significant. Results: About 54% of the participants had inadequate knowledge about safe insulin injection waste disposal. More than two-thirds (73%) of respondents had poor practice and 92.3% of respondents did not know how to dispose of lancets after use. Conclusion: This study revealed that the knowledge and practice of diabetic patients were inadequate and poor towards safe insulin injection waste disposal in the study area. Educating patients and awareness creation training on proper insulin injection device disposal should be considerable.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Fasting in Ramadan among Diabetic Patients

Background: Every year, Muslims fast from dawn to dusk in the Holy month of Ramadan. Mostly, patients with diabetes are unaware of the complications related to fasting including hypoglycemia and dehydration. This study aimed to determine the socio-demographic data of diabetic patients and knowledge, attitude, and practices of diabetic patients toward Ramadan fasting in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospital, Peshawar. A total of 180 diabetic patients have participated in the study. All patients were Muslim-diagnosed diabetic patients irrespective of age, gender, ethnicity, and type of diabetes. Structural self-designed questionnaire related to diabetes and associated information. Questions were asked after taking the consent form from all participants. The questionnaire was related to education, doses timing, glucose monitoring, eating habits, and physical activities. Results: Among a total of 180 diabetic patients, 53.9% were male and 46.1% were female diabetic patients. The minimum age was 15 years and the maximum age was 88 with a mean age of 52.7+14.5 years. The highest number of diabetic patients were identified in the age-group 46-55 years with 26.3%. Diabetic patients were more found illiterate (49.4%) as compared to educated. Type II diabetes mellitus was found in 92.8% of patients. Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that knowledge and practice of diabetic patients during fasting in Ramadan is less. Ramadan health education and training in diabetic patients can improve and guide patients to ensure safe and risk-free fasting. Keywords: Diabetes, Ramadan, Fasting, Knowledge, Attitude, Practices

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diabetic Patients Towards Oral Health: A Cross-sectional Study

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diabetic Patients Towards Oral Health: A Cross-sectional Study

IDF21-0441 Knowledge and Practice Regarding Foot Care in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Evaluation in South India

Background: Knowledge regarding self-care practices including foot care is very vital in preventing the complications of diabetes mellitus. So, an assessment regarding diabetes self-care in India, which is known as the diabetes capital is very crucial. Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of foot care in diabetes mellitus patients visiting a diabetes clinic associated with a tertiary care hospital in Kerala. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients using a pretested questionnaire to assess the knowledge and practice of diabetic patients regarding foot care. The knowledge score was classified as excellent if score >80%, and good if scored between 51 – 80%, and poor if the score was <50%. The practice score was categorized as good (>50%) and poor (<50%). Demographic details including the level of education, marital status, place of living, occupation were also collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics are performed using SPSS version 20. Results: Among the 364 patients who completed the questionnaire, the majority (n=112, 30.76%) of respondents were between 46-55 years and the male gender was dominating (n=204,56.0%). The majority of respondents were from urban locality 269 (73.9%) and most of them were married (88.7%). Even though a good number of the respondents 80 (22.0%) were educated, a good number of them were either unemployed or homemakers (n=218,59.8%). A large number of respondents (58.8%) had adequate knowledge and had a poor practice of DM foot care (62.4%). Place of living (p=0.003), level of education (p<0.001), marital status (p=0.007), occupation (p < 0.001) had a statistically significant association with knowledge and practice score. The gender of the participants has no statistically significant association with foot care practices. Discussion: Customized patient education strategies are necessary to enhance the overall knowledge and practice to ensure the decreased incidence of diabetic foot complications. Conclusion: Customized patient education strategies are necessary to enhance the overall knowledge and practice to ensure the decreased incidence of diabetic foot complications.

Effect of Educational Sessions about Prevention of Retinopathy on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diabetic Patients

Effect of Educational Sessions about Prevention of Retinopathy on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diabetic Patients

The cultural beliefs and practices of diabetes self-management in Javanese diabetic patients: An ethnographic study

BackgroundIt is important to assess the cultural beliefs and practices of diabetic patients since such beliefs and practices greatly influence how patients self-manage the disease. However, how cultural beliefs and practices affect self-management in Javanese diabetic patients in Indonesia is still unclear since research about it is very limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the cultural beliefs and practices of diabetes self-management in Javanese diabetic patients. MethodsAn ethnographic study was conducted between July 2020 and March 2021 in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. Forty-seven participants were included, consisting of 36 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients as key informants and 11 family members and health providers as general informants. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used, and data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and the writing of field notes. The data were analyzed by thematic analyses using NVivo 12 software. ResultsFour themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) misconception about diabetes and management, such as the belief of there being dry sugar and wet sugar types of diabetes; the belief that consuming a lot of cold rice does not increase blood glucose; the belief that insulin causes organ damage; the belief that diabetes can be completely cured; and the belief that walking barefoot is good for the body; (2) cultural beliefs and practices regarding treatment regimen, such as use of medicinal plants to lower blood glucose and home remedies to treat foot ulcers; (3) coping influenced by a blend of culture and religion, such as managing stress by submitting to God and being patients in dealing with their disease; (4) cultural influence on diet management, such as facing difficulties managing their diets at cultural events and difficulties managing the habit of eating sweet-tasting food. ConclusionThis is the first study to show that Javanese culture strongly influences how diabetic patients in Java self-manage their disease. Various aspects of Javanese culture were found to have either beneficial or detrimental effects on diabetic patients’ health status. This study provides new insights for nurses in Indonesia and will help them design a culturally sensitive education program for their diabetic patients.

ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS’ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING DIABETES MELLITUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN EASTERN INDIA

Objectives: Proper assessment and understanding of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among diabetic population towards this disease are important as diabetes needs lifelong adoption of healthy lifestyles for prevention and control. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetic patients regarding their disease in a tertiary care center. Methods: This was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study conducted on diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic over 2 months. Administration of a pre designed, validated, and structured questionnaire consisting of 24 items was done by face-to-face interview. Results: Responses from 129 subjects were analyzed. Most of the subjects could not define diabetes (60.45%). However they identified the symptoms of diabetes (polyurea 62.79% and polyphagia 55.81%), and knew that lifestyle modification was necessary to control diabetes (exercise 66.66%, and dietary modification 62.79%). Majority had the notion that bitter substances could cure diabetes (51.93%) and insulin should be avoided (28.68%). Most of the subjects did not monitor blood glucose at home (81.4%) and did not take care of their feet (59.69%). Positive associations were found between patients’ knowledge and their family history, educational level, and duration of diabetes. Duration of diabetes and educational level were positively associated with practice of the patients. Conclusion: Present study reflects that diabetic patients require support and guidance for practicing better disease management. The role of a clinical pharmacist, as well as clinical activities such as patient counseling and pharmaceutical care program may aid in improving patients’ KAP of diabetes management.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Diabetic Patients on Ocular Complications of Diabetes in Lom&amp;#233; (Togo)

Introduction: The frequency and severity of eye complications from diabetes make patient education essential, which is the basis for adequate management. What is the level of education of diabetic patients in Lomé? The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of diabetic patients on the ocular complications of diabetes in Lomé. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study by surveys on diabetic patients from April 1 to June 31, 2020, in 6 diabetes management centers in Lomé. The correct response rate was established for each component. Knowledge: poor (≤ 50%), low (50% - 65%), medium (65% - 85%) and good (≥ 85%). Attitudes: harmful (≤ 50%), erroneous (50% - 65%), approximate (65% - 85%) and fair (≥ 85%). Practice: harmful (≤ 50%), inadequate (50% - 65%) and adequate (>65%). Results: Over the study period, 150 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 56.98 ± 13.37 years with a sex ratio of 1.1 (79 men/71 women). The overall level of knowledge was insufficient (50.6%) with 65.5% for general knowledge about diabetes and 35.8% for ocular complications of diabetes. Attitudes were approximate (68.7%). In the case of hyperglycemia, 31.3% of patients would confide in a diabetologist and 22.0% in a general practitioner. If decrease in vision, 84.3% of patients would contact the ophthalmologist. The level of practice was harmful (20.4%). For diabetic follow-up, 36.7% of patients have already seen an ophthalmologist, 41.3% have performed a fundus examination, 17.3% retinal angiography, 4% laser retinal photocoagulation and 2.7% intravitreal injection (IVT). An awareness session on the ocular complications of diabetes was followed by 52.7% of patients and 50.7% of patients followed a therapeutic education session. Conclusion: This study has shown that the level of knowledge was poor, attitudes approximate and practices harmful. It is therefore important to raise awareness about diabetes and its ocular complications with the aim to change behavior.

Foot care knowledge, attitude and practices of diabetic patients: A survey in Diabetes health care facility.

Among diabetes complications, diabetic foot disease (DFD) is the most common and the most preventable complication. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of foot care among type two diabetes mellitus (DM) patients attending the Diabetic and Endocrine Center at King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Buraydah-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. A descriptive cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted randomly among type two diabetic patients; respondents were 260 patients. Participants were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Of the total studied patients, 54.2% were males with median age of 58 years. Majority 56.5% of patients had good knowledge and 56.9% had good practices regarding diabetic foot care. The mean knowledge score was 4.0 (±1.86) out of 6. About 39.2% of participants received advice regarding foot care from their physicians. Only 41.5% of the patients examined their feet daily, 41.9% carefully dried between the toes after washing, and 40.8% were walking barefooted at home. About 68.5% of the participants had a history of diabetic foot complications. A significant statistical association was found between the good knowledge and patients' age, educational level, family monthly income, duration of diabetic illness and having prior knowledge regarding foot care (P-value <0.05). While, good practice of the participants towards the diabetic foot care was found to be statistically associated with the family monthly income and the prior knowledge regarding diabetic foot care (P-value <0.05). Our study revealed that more than half of the participants had good knowledge and practices of diabetic foot care. However, the role of physicians and medical staff in annual foot examination and health education is crucial. An awareness program implementation for diabetic foot care is highly needed.

Knowledges, Attitudes and Practices of Diabetic Patients Face to Diabetic Retinopathy in Parakou in 2019

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the main causes of blindness. Preventive measures and screening will reduce its impact. Objective: Study the knowledges, attitudes and practices of diabetic patients about diabetic retinopathy from 03 hospitals in the District of Parakou in 2019. Methods: The study was carried out in 03 hospitals in northern Benin (University and Regional Health Center of Borgou and Alibori, Army Health Center of Parakou, and the Diabetes Center of Benin. This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional prospective study that covered a period of 03 months from 15th May to 20th August, 2019. The sampling method was non-probability. Selection of diabetic patients was exhaustive taking care for the consent of each patient. The aged group was at least 18 years old and above, resident in Parakou and followed up in one of the above heath centers. We enrolled 150 patients after submitted them to some questionnaires. Results: From the total number of 150 patients, 59.33% were male. The mean age was 55.07 ± 11.62 years. The participants were predominantly married (87.33%) and 62% of them were literate. 48% of patients said diabetes mellitus is responsible of eye complications. 52% and 12% of patients reported that balancing blood sugar and normalizing blood pressure, respectively, are preventative factors for diabetic retinopathy. 27.33% of patients reported the need for a regular eye fundus exam. 12.67% of patients have a regular annual eye fundus examination and 56.67% of patients have never had one. Education and gender were associated with level of knowledges; education and low income were associated with level of practices. Conclusion: Reducing the impact of diabetic retinopathy requires better involvement of the diabetic patient, the ophthalmologist, the endocrinologist and the authorities of the Ministry of Health.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Foot Care among Diabetic Patients: A Scoping Review

Context: Diabetic foot is considered one of the most preventable complications among patients with diabetes mellitus. This problem is correlated with premature death and severe morbidity because of major long-term complications which affect patients' feet.&#x0D; Aim: This review aims to identify the extent of current evidence regarding the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetic patients about foot care.&#x0D; Methods: Studies published in the period from 2013 to 2020 were evaluated. International electronic databases such as Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase Classic, EMBASE (Ovid), The Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), The Cochrane Library (Wiley), and CINAHL and (EBSCO) were explored to find articles written in English-language using relevant keywords. All quantitative studies that focused on the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding diabetic foot care among diabetic patients have been searched.&#x0D; Results: There are two main themes generated from this scoping review and seven subthemes. In this scoping review, 845 articles were searched. After checking for duplicates, 815 papers were left to evaluate titles and abstracts. This evaluation left 52 articles for reading of full texts. Of these, 21 papers did not meet the aim. Thirty-one studies were included in the present review.&#x0D; Conclusion: Patients' knowledge, practices, and attitude toward foot care were not considered satisfactory in most study settings included in this review. Several factors affect patients' knowledge, attitude, and practices, including gender, income, age of patients, marital status, and educational level. Specific health education programs should be targeted toward patients with diabetes mellitus to enhance and improve their knowledge and practices regarding protecting them from future harmful complications as diabetic foot.