Practice Of Contraceptive Use Research Articles

"Knowledge and Practice of Contraceptive Use Among Women Attending Family Planning Clinic at Teaching Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria"

"Knowledge and Practice of Contraceptive Use Among Women Attending Family Planning Clinic at Teaching Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria"

Knowledge attitude and practice of contraceptive use among mothers in Kahda Internal displaced people (IDPs) Camp Mogadishu-Somalia. Cross-sectional study

Knowledge attitude and practice of contraceptive use among mothers in Kahda Internal displaced people (IDPs) Camp Mogadishu-Somalia. Cross-sectional study

An Exploratory Study on the Perspectives And Practices of Contraceptive Use Among Married Females of Reproductive Age Group (15-49 Years) of Selected Urban Areas Of Dist. Shimla (Himachal Pradesh)

“AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE PERSPECTIVES AND PRACTICES OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG MARRIED FEMALES OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP (15-49 YEARS) OF SELECTED URBAN AREAS OF DIST. SHIMLA (HIMACHAL PRADESH)” 1Heena Verma, 2Gunjali Singh, 3Ankit Sharma 1Community Health Nursing Department, 2Mental Health Nursing Department, 3Mental Health Nursing Department ABSTRACT Contraception is a process or technique for preventing pregnancy by means of medication, device or method that blocks or alters one or more of the processes of reproduction in such a way that sexual union can occur without impregnation. Objectives: To assess the perspectives of contraceptive use among married females of selected urban areas of Dist. Shimla (H.P), To identify the contraceptive practices among married females of selected urban areas of Dist. Shimla (H.P), To associate the perspectives and practices of contraceptive use with the selected socio demographic variables of married females. Method: The study has adopted quantitative research approach and exploratory research design. Total 238 samples were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria through multistage cluster sampling technique. Data was collected in terms of socio demographic profile of the married females, semi structured questionnaire and Likert scale was used to assess the perspectives of contraceptives use, semi structured checklist was used to assess the practices of contraceptives among married females. Results: Major findings of the study revealed that most of the married females i.e. 47% were between the age group of 20-29 years, 72% belonged to Hindu religion, 47% were graduate or above, 32% were self-employed, 58% were having duration of marriage between 1-10 years, 85% were living with spouse and children, 64% were having 1 child, 39% had monthly family income Rs. between 20001-30000, 66% married females were living in nuclear family, 91% married females had television as the source of information and contraceptive method used was condom in 71% married females. In the present study, the perspectives of married females in terms of awareness showed that 35% of females were having good awareness, 50% were having average awareness and 15% were having poor awareness. In terms of opinion, 30% of married females were having positive opinion, 70% were having neutral opinion and none of them was having negative opinion regarding contraceptive use. Majority 65% of married females having average practices of contraceptives, only 31% of females were having poor practices and the rest 4% were having good practices. Mean and standard deviation for perspectives of contraceptive use in relation to awareness and opinion was 14.66 ± 3.98, 72.16 ± 8.24. Mean and standard deviation for practices of contraceptives were 7.71 ± 2.42. There was significant association of age, education, occupation, duration of marriage, living status, monthly family income, type of family, source of information and contraceptive method used with perspectives of contraceptive use at p<0.05 level of significance.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Contraceptive Use among Women of Reproductive Age in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Contraceptive Use among Women of Reproductive Age in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

A study on knowledge of contraceptive usage and its determinants among married women in urban slum of Nalgonda district

Background: India was the first country in the world to launch National Family Welfare Programme in 1951.Modern contraceptive use remains an important public health intervention to reduce maternal mortality, avert unintended pregnancies, and to control population explosion especially in developing countries. To determine the extent of knowledge, awareness and practices of contraceptive use among married womenMethods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done for a period of three months duration conducted among married women in reproductive age group of 15-49 years in urban slums of field practice area. Results: Among eligible couple, those who want to avoid pregnancy, though they have knowledge and awareness (93.5%), Out of them only 21% of participants were using temporary methods. Most of them (37.4%) were opting for tubectomy. The source of information is mostly from health personnel (46.8%), followed by friends and family members 42%. Partner (38.7%) and “in-laws” (14.8%) consent, fear of side effects (29.6%), illiterates (31.6%) and low socio-economic status (47%) playing major role as barriers of acceptance of birth control methods.Conclusions: The prevalence of contraceptive usage in our study was found to be 58.7%. In present study 41.2% women use no contraceptives which clearly indicate that awareness about contraceptives is not sufficient for its actual use in this community and extended efforts will be needed.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Contraceptive Use among Postpartum Women in Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia

Population growth remains high in the group of 48 countries designated by the United Nations as the least developed countries (LDCs), of which 27 are in Africa. Ethiopia, the second most populous country in Africa, still has high fertility rate (4.6 children per woman) and fast population growth rate. Despite the enormous benefits of using modern contraceptive methods, the utilization of contraceptives remains low in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia.

Contraception use and its associated factors among grand multipara mothers in Kuantan

Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth bring health risks for women, and it is magnified in grand multipara mothers. Effective practice of contraceptive is important in spacing out childbirth to ensure both mother and child acquire optimum quality of life. Thus, with increasing number of grand multipara mothers who would face a greater reproductive risk, it is crucial to have a better understanding of their reproductive health. This study aimed to determine the contraceptive use and to identify associated factors influencing contraceptive use among grand multipara mothers in Kuantan. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Klinik Kesihatan Ibu dan Anak Jaya Gading using purposive sampling. 49 respondents had been selected. The data of this study were analyzed and transformed by using statistical software. Results: The prevalence of contraceptive use among grand multipara mothers was 51%. Grand multipara mothers who had high level of knowledge (p=0.030) regarding contraceptive, positive attitude (p=0.017) toward contraceptive use and having discussions with the spouse on contraception (p = 0.008) were more likely to use contraception. There was no statistically significant difference between the practice of contraceptive use and occupation (p=0.175) or number of living children (p=0.250). However, in this study, we found a statistically significant association between the contraceptive use and educational level (p=0.036). Conclusions: The prevalence of contraceptive use in this study compared relatively low to other studies. Effective health promotion programs need to be done to encourage the practices of contraceptive.

KAP study regarding contraceptive use among married women in Hayatabad, Peshawar

Introduction: Population growth has great impact on economic development of a country. Despite population growth contraceptive prevalence rate in Pakistan is 35.4%. There is need to increase knowledge and awareness regarding contraception among people of Pakistan.
 Objectives: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding contraceptive use among married women of Hayatabad, Peshawar, as well as the reasons for not adopting contraception.
 Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from March to May 2019 on married women attending the Gynecology Outpatients, who were willing to provide data. Participants were interviewed through a structured questionnaire containing demographics, and relevant sections on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of contraceptive use; a section on reasons for not using contraceptives was also included. SPSS version 24.0 and Microsoft Excel were used for descriptive data analysis.
 Results: A total of 200 married women were interviewed through structured questionnaires; 76.5% of them were uneducated. The most prevalent method of contraception was Oral Contraceptive Pills (23%); 31% of participants fell below the poverty line with monthly household income of PKR 20,000 or below. Majority (83.2%) of women showed positive attitude towards contraceptive use.
 Conclusion: There is a need to create awareness about the use of contraceptive methods as this awareness is crucial to improve contraceptive prevalence rate of Pakistan.
 Keywords: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Prevalence; Family Planning Services.

Determination of prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practices of contraceptive use in an urban population in South India: a community based study

Background: Family planning influences mothers and infant’s health, population growth and regional and national development. Studying the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptive methods of a region aids in overcoming the barriers in the utilization of the services providing them.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done among 350 married women of an urban population by systematic random sampling using a structured questionnaire.Results: From a total of 350 women enrolled, majority were of the Hindu religion (84.9%) and from the lower socio-economic status (68%). The prevalence of use of contraceptive methods was 75.4% and it was predominantly female sterilization. It was significantly higher (p<0.001) in women aged above 32 years, married for more than 10 years, having more than two children and last child birth of more than seven years. Only 142 (40.6%) of the participants had adequate knowledge of contraceptive methods. However, 299 (85.4%) had a positive attitude to contraception and 296 (84.6%) had good practice of family planning (FP) methods.Conclusions: The knowledge and use of contraceptive methods especially temporary methods needs to be improved in our community. The utilization of media can be improved in addressing this shortfall. Health care providers being the bulk source of information on contraceptive methods must be pro-active in every interaction with women and men of reproductive age group by providing information on the various methods.

Study of determinants of contraceptive practices and impact assessment of counselling on acceptance of contraception in tribal area of Rajasthan, India

Background: Unmet need of family planning affects the society by uncontrolled population explosion. Tribal population being socioeconomic deprived group requires special attention for contraceptive needs. This study was planned to study the determinants of contraceptive practices and impact of intervention in the form of counselling over the family planning acceptance behaviour.Methods: This community based longitudinal study was conducted for duration of six months in selected areas of Udaipur district, by two stage sampling method. Baseline data was collected followed by counselling of non-users of contraception and later on collection of post intervention data for comparison.Results: Out of total 422 study subjects, 193 (45.7%) were contraceptive users and 229 (54.3%) were non-users. All the participants had knowledge about permanent method (100%) of sterilization followed by barrier methods (62%). Non-users of contraception were counselled and their practices improved significantly (p<0.001) afterwards.Conclusions: The knowledge of family planning methods is present inadequately among tribal and non-tribal eligible couples and actual practice of contraceptive use is lacking which requires efforts of health workers thorough counselling to change their attitude towards adoption of family planning practices.

Factors Associated with Children Ever Born among Lower Caste Women in Some Selected Wards of Pokhara, Nepal

Fertility is the main components of population growth. Children ever born vary in different sub groups of the same population in terms of age at marriage, age of women, literacy, occupation, contraception user and mass media exposure. The objective of this study is to find out association between children ever born and selected socio-demographic characteristics in lower caste women. A descriptive study was conducted in some selected wards of Pokhara, Nepal during April 2018. Five wards were selected randomly out of 33 wards and 187 lower caste women were selected using convenience sampling technique. The data was collected by using semi-structured interview schedule. Chi-square test was applied to find out association between children ever born and selected socio-demographic characteristics.Higher children ever born were concentrated in the age at marriage from 21 to 25 as compared to other groups of age at marriage. Practice of contraceptive use is low among lower caste people although 66.31% lower caste women were exposed to mass media. The result shows that the factors age at marriage, contraceptive use and mass media exposure were highly associated with children ever born among lower caste women under study (P<0.05). Education on fertility is more powerful than urban residence. Concern authorities should play vital role to increase education level among lower caste people for increasing age at marriage, contraceptive use and practice of family planning to reduce children ever born.

Current Practices of Contraceptive Use Among Palestine Refugee Mothers of Young Children Attending UNRWA Clinics, A Follow Up Study 2015

Current Practices of Contraceptive Use Among Palestine Refugee Mothers of Young Children Attending UNRWA Clinics, A Follow Up Study 2015

The contraceptive revolution in Russia

In the 1960s and 1970s, with the introduction of hormonal contraception, as well as of a new generation of intrauterine contraception, Western countries saw cardinal changes in methods of fertility regulation so significant that the American demographers Ch. Westoff and N. Ryder called them "The contraceptive revolution." By this time, the transition to low fertility in developed countries, as, indeed, in Russia, was completed, and family planning had become a common practice. However, the new technologies significantly increased the effectiveness of birth control, and this change would have important social and demographic consequences. Underestimation of the importance of family planning and underdevelopment of the corresponding services in the USSR and in Russia led to the contraceptive revolution beginning here much later than in the West, not until the post-Soviet years with the arrival of a market economy and information openness. For decades, induced abortion played a key role in the regulation of fertility, and only in the 1990s did modern methods of contraception become widespread and the unfavorable ratio of abortions to births begin to change for the better. The article describes the composition of the contraceptive methods used in countries of European culture and of those in Russia, and attempts to explain the difference between them. Based on national representative sample data, an analysis is made of current practice of contraceptive use in Russia. The conclusion is drawn that the contraceptive revolution in Russia is proceeding rather quickly, but without substantial state support.

Контрацептивная революция в России

В 1960-70-е годы с появлением на рынке гормональной контрацепции и внутриматочной контрацепции нового поколения, в западных странах произошли кардинальные перемены в сфере внутрисемейного регулирования рождаемости настолько значительные, что американские демографы Уэстоф и Райдер назвали их «контрацептивной революцией». К этому времени переход к низкой рождаемости в развитых странах, как, впрочем, и в России, был завершен, и планирование семьи стало массовой практикой, однако появившиеся технологии позволили значительно повысить эффективность контроля рождаемости, что имело важные социальные и демографические последствия.
 Недооценка важности планирования семьи и неразвитость соответствующих служб в СССР и в России привели к тому, что контрацептивная революция здесь началась с большим опозданием, уже в постсоветские годы с приходом рыночной экономики и информационной открытости. На протяжении десятилетий ключевую роль в регулировании рождаемости играл искусственный аборт, и только в 90-е годы получили широкое распространение современные методы контрацепции и неблагоприятное соотношение абортов и рождений стало меняться к лучшему. В статье описаны структуры применяемых контрацептивных методов в странах европейской культуры и современной России, сделана попытка объяснить различие этих структур. 
 На материалах национального репрезентативного выборочного обследования проанализирована современная практика применения контрацепции в России и сделан вывод о том, что контрацептивная революция в России идет довольно высокими темпами, хотя и не получает существенной поддержки государства.

Unmet need for contraception among married women of reproductive age in rural Maharashtra

Background: The concept of “unmet need” for contraceptive points to the gap between women’s reproductive intention and their contraceptive behavior. About 12.8% of currently married women in India have an unmet need for contraception. The present descriptive cross-sectional survey was initiated to address the research questions regarding unmet need for contraception among married women of reproductive age group in rural Maharashtra.Methods: 400 married women of reproductive age living in rural area of Sangli district of Maharashtra state interviewed. The survey based on women’s response to survey questions regarding family information, fertility profile and attitude and practice of contraceptive use. Expanded formulation used for surveys to assess the size and characteristics of unmet need group, dividing it into distinct subgroups and to explore the reasons for unmet need using in-depth qualitative research. Data analyzed with absolute number and percentage of women having unmet need which is useful to set priorities in program for effective fertility control. The data was tabulated and analyzed using MS Excel.Results: Total unmet need for contraception was found 27.50% women, which comprises need for ‘spacing’ in 12.25% women, need for ‘limiting birth’ in 13.25% women and need for ‘appropriate contraception’ in 2.0% women among 400 married women of reproductive age. Most unmet need among younger women is for spacing birth (67.18%) while in older women above age 30 year; most unmet need (68.18%) is for limiting birth. The education of women does not affect significantly the unmet need for spacing and limiting birth. After first child the unmet need for spacing decreases with each additional child. On the contrary unmet need for limiting birth increases with each additional child after first child and it was maximum (96.55%) among women having 3 or more children.Conclusions: The study group expresses multiple reasons for the unmet need. Many of the reasons are not directly related to contraception. Most women with unmet need desire to use contraception in future favours spacing methods. People should have access to good quality information and services. Health education and motivation is needed to overcome these causes.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptive use among female students of Dilla secondary and preparatory school, Dilla town, South Ethiopia, 2014

Family planning is known not only as a fundamental intervention for improving the health of women but also as a human right. The aim of this study was to assess the current knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptive use among female students in Dilla secondary and preparatory school, Dilla, South Ethiopia, 2014. A cross sectional study was conducted among 288 female students in Dilla secondary and preparatory school, south Ethiopia, June 19- 29/2014. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. The data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed by SPSS 20. Chi-square test was used to identify associated factors. A total of 263 female students were involved in this study, of which 249 (94.7%) had good knowledge about contraception. The three most frequently identified methods were injectable form (83.9%), oral contraceptive pills (72.7%) and condom (48.6%). A total of 15.7% respondents ever used contraceptive. Among the users, 56.4% used oral contraceptive pills, and 23.1 and 10.2% used injectable form and condom, respectively. In spite of the fact that most respondents had good knowledge of contraception, their attitude and practice was low. Emphasis needs to be given on disseminating health information concerning the attitude and practice of contraceptive method.

Men's perceptions of and participation in family planning in Aqaba and Ma'an governorates, Jordan.

Men's participation in family planning has become a cornerstone in women's reproductive health. The aim of this study was to examine knowledge, attitudes and practice towards family planning of Jordanian men in southern Jordan. In a cross-sectional descriptive study in 2012, structured interviews were made with 104 married men in Aqaba and Ma'an governorates. Although 93.5% of the men had heard about family planning-most commonly the intrauterine device (IUD) and oral contraceptives-only 45.1% reported that they and their wife currently used it. Most men agreed about a minimum 2 years' child spacing (93.3%) and starting contraception after childbirth (71.2%) and that husband and wife should share decisions about family planning (90.2%) and the number of children (89.5%). Level of education significantly affected current use of contraception, while number of children significantly affected previous use of contraception. Although married men had positive attitudes and good knowledge about family planning, this did not translate into practice of contraceptive use.

Awareness and practices of contraceptive use among university students in Botswana

In Botswana, unplanned pregnancies, especially among the youth constitutes a growing health and social problem. Research in the field of contraceptive practices, and the causes of sexual practices in Botswana, remains scarce and relatively limited. The objectives of this study was to investigate the awareness and utilization of various contraceptive methods, among university students in Botswana. A descriptive, cross-sectional, research study was conducted among 346 randomly selected students, who completed confidential, self-administered questionnaires. The average age of the respondents was 21 years (SD = 2.8 years). The level of awareness among students regarding contraception was good (score ≥9). Both the male and the female students had almost similar awareness level of contraceptive use, as their mean scores were 8.79 and 8.72, respectively (p = .733). All the female students (100%) were ‘aware’ that the effectiveness of the contraceptives used, as compared to male students, being 93.7%. A greater proportion of the female students (90.6%) knew that using contraceptives irregularly would result in pregnancy, in contrast to 76.4% males. More than half (59.0%) of the students indicated that they had engaged in sexual acts. Significantly, more male students (68.5%) had sexual experiences prior to the study, compared to 54.5% of their female counterparts (p = .038).The majority of the students (76%) reported that they had always used contraceptive methods. The most commonly used contraceptive method was the condom (95.6%), followed by oral contraceptive pill (86.7%). There was no significant association found between the level of awareness and the use of contraceptives. Results suggested that many students still engaged in risky, contraceptive practices by engaging in unprotected sexual acts. Therefore, there is a need to educate the students about sexually transmitted infections, the different contraceptive methods and the regular use of the available contraceptives.

Son Preference in Indian Culture: An Empirical Study in Odisha

For more than 100 years, the Indian census has shown a marked gap between the number of boys and girls, men and women. This gap, which has nationwide implications, is the result of decisions made at the most local level the family. Common wisdom is that the preference for sons is motivated by economic, religious, social and emotional desires and norms that favour males and make females less desirable: Parents expect sons-but not daughters-to provide financial and emotional care, especially in their old age. Sons add to family wealth and property while daughters drain it through dowries; sons continue the family lineage while daughters are married away to another household. Sons perform important religious roles; and sons defend or exercise the family's power while daughters have to be defended and protected, creating a perceived burden on the household. Skewed sex ratio is an issue of major concern and has long-term social and demographic consequences. At the heart of the problem is the low status of women in society, a patriarchal social framework and value system based on ‘son mania’. The problem is getting worse as scientific methods of detecting the sex of the foetus is improving and termination of pregnancy is increasing day by day. The present study aims to find out what should be the ideal number of children a couple should have, the major reasons that prevails among the mothers to prefer a son than a daughter and the practice of contraceptive use among the mothers to defer their next pregnancy and how it is influenced by having a son or a daughter in their previous pregnancy.

Locus of control and contraceptive knowledge, attitude and practice among university students

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between locus of control and knowledge, attitude and practice regarding pill and condom use among university students. METHODS: The inquiry was developed in Campinas, a city in Southeastern Brazil, in 2006. A total of 295 adolescent newcomers to a public university answered a structured questionnaire and Levenson's multidimensional locus of control scale. The scores of the dimensions of locus of control were calculated and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess their correlation with knowledge and practice concerning pill and condom use. In order to assess the relationship between the dimensions of locus of control and sociodemographic variables and variables related to the individuals' sex life, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used. RESULTS: Male adolescents had higher scores of powerful others externality when compared to female adolescents (p=0.01). Students living alone had lower internality (p=0.01). When locus of control was compared to condom use in the first intercourse, considering only the 102 students who informed the age of the beginning of sexual activity, greater internality was found among male adolescents who did not use condoms (p<0.05). When the locus of control scores were correlated with contraceptive knowledge and practice, it was found that the higher the powerful others externality locus, the lower the adequate use of contraceptive methods (r = -0.22, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The powerful others externality locus influences the practice of contraceptive use in this group of adolescents.