Practical Resolution Research Articles

Unconventional coil shape design of eddy current sensors and the effect of shape parameters on the micro/nano-scale metal film thickness measurement performance

Abstract The thickness of metal film is a critical parameter, especially in micro/nano-manufacturing, where high-precision measurement is essential. The eddy current method, a non-destructive testing technique, is well-suited for in-situ measurement of micro/nano-scale metal film thickness due to its superior performance. However, enhancing the measurement capabilities of eddy current sensors remains a significant challenge. In practical applications, thickness sensitivity and spatial resolution are two key performance indicators of eddy current sensors, and improving both simultaneously is difficult. While the sensitive element (coil) of an eddy current sensor has a substantial impact on thickness sensitivity, its effect on spatial resolution has received less attention.
This study establishes an eddy current coil model based on electromagnetic field theory, defining both thickness sensitivity and spatial resolution in the context of micro/nano-scale metal film thickness measurement. Two unconventional coil shapes are introduced, contrasting with the traditional cylindrical design, to investigate the influence of coil shape parameters, specifically the spatial distribution of the coil turns, on the key performance indicators. Simulation results are corroborated through experimental validation. Based on a series of calculations and analyses, an optimization method for coil shape parameters is proposed using a defined comparison factor that balances both thickness sensitivity and spatial resolution, which offers a promising approach for improving coil shape design.

The Paradox of “即 (Jí)” in Tiantai Buddhism

The character “即 (jí)” in Chinese shares the meaning of “is”, indicating an identity or equivalence between two concepts. In this framework, one might expect the antecedent and the consequent of “即” to be identical in meaning, or at least for a term with a positive connotation not to be paired with one of negative connotation. However, in Tiantai Buddhism, many core propositions follow the structure “x 即 y”, where x is negative and y is positive, or vice versa. This suggests an identity between opposites, creating a paradoxical feature in the system. This essay argues that the paradox within Tiantai Buddhism is a veridical paradox, as defined by Quine, meaning it can be resolved in various ways and does not reflect a genuine contradiction in reality. While Western Buddhist philosophers and logicians have focused primarily on the paradoxes in Nāgārjuna’s thought, this essay demonstrates that Chinese Tiantai Buddhism offers practical resolutions to these paradoxes. The paper first explicates the paradox by examining its roots in Buddhist history, then explores responses to it. Finally, different methods for resolving the paradox are compared and evaluated.

Field Application of Evaluation Model for Development Effect on Horizontal Waterflooding in Thin Low-permeability Carbonate Reservoirs

Abstract Low-permeability carbonate reservoirs with layered characteristics generally exist in Middle East district. The reservoirs achieved low recovery efficiency using vertical well by depletion mode in the early stage, and low horizontal and vertical sweep efficiency by vertical waterflooding due to high permeability streak and interlayer. Some oilfields in the district has successively implemented horizontal waterflooding technology and achieved good development results. Feasible and effective report has not been provided yet on the problem that the range of recoverable reserves and recovery efficiency can be increased by horizontal waterflooding. Considering some oilfields accomplished horizontal waterflooding in quick succession and some oilfields were just developed by horizontal waterflooding, practical resolution should be recommended such as the corresponding evaluation model for enhancing recovery efficiency range of the technology. The paper put forward an evaluation model for enhancing recovery reserves and recovery efficiency of horizontal waterflooding based on production decline model and waterflooding curve model. The resolution can also provide an evaluation basis of enhancing recovery efficiency for optimization and adjustment of horizontal water flooding. Applications of these concepts are illustrated with D oilfield in Oman. Results indicated that recovery efficiency by horizontal waterflooding after natural depletion development may be increased around 25% and about 4% by the optimization and adjustment process. The evaluation model will be used effectively to predict IOR effect of the similar reservoirs in Middle East oilfields.

Ultrasonic waveguide based super resolution imaging using structured channel metamaterial lenses

The extension of metamaterial concepts to the ultrasonic domain is challenging because of the shorter wavelength, which necessitates the use of spatially narrow band receiving techniques to capture wavefields past fine features of the metamaterial. Currently, the Laser Doppler Vibrometer is the only option with several drawbacks hampering its widespread practical implementation, including cost and sensitivity to external disturbances. This paper proposes a novel waveguide based reception technique to capture the amplified evanescent fields transmitted through the subwavelength features of the metamaterials. Numerical simulations and experiments are carried out on a structured channel metamaterial and a thin stainless steel waveguide attached to a commercial transducer. A practical super resolution ultrasonic imaging down to a third of the operating wavelength is successfully demonstrated in comparison with a commercial laser receiver. The physics of the imaging and dispersion characteristics of the waveguide enabling the process are discussed. The promising results showcase broadband, low-cost, portable alternatives with important implications for high-resolution ultrasonic imaging in industrial and biomedical applications.

Application of The Principle of Justice in Islamic Civil Dispute Resolution in Indonesia

This article discusses the application of the principle of justice in the resolution of Islamic civil disputes in Indonesia by using qualitative methods through literature studies and research in libraries. Justice is one of the important aspects in the resolution of Islamic civil disputes to ensure that individual rights are defended in accordance with the principles of fair and balanced Islamic law. This study explores various sources of literature related to Islamic civil law practice, justice, and dispute resolution in Indonesia. In the context of Islamic civil law, justice refers not only to compliance with formal law, but also to the moral, ethical, and social justice aspects that underlie Islamic teachings. This article reviews the concept of justice in Islam which includes individual rights, protection of the public interest, and dispute resolution mechanisms that prioritize mediation and peace. The results of the study show that the application of the principle of justice in Islamic civil dispute resolution in Indonesia still faces various challenges, such as obstacles in the implementation of the law, a culture of conflict resolution, and limited access to the judicial system. Nevertheless, measures to improve justice in Islamic civil dispute resolution continue to be developed, including through increasing understanding of Islamic law, training for law enforcement officers, and promoting alternative dispute resolution that is deliberative.

CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GIÁO DỤC PHỔ THÔNG 2018 VÀ NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ CẦN TIẾP TỤC NGHIÊN CỨU

This report presents the theoretical and practical foundations upon which the General Education Curriculum 2018 has been developed to comprehensively enhance learners' qualities and competences. It also addresses the initial implementation of the curriculum, highlighting issues that require further research and practical resolution for advancing the curriculum and organising effective practical implementation activities. The ultimate goal is to successfully enact general education innovations in line with the Resolutions of the Central Party Committee and the National Assembly. Keywords: Curriculum; curriculum development; moral quality; capacity; assessment.

Conflict management: a practical case, analysis, interpretation and resolution

Conflict management: a practical case, analysis, interpretation and resolution

Kinetic Resolution of N-Allylic Pyrazoles via Photoexcited Chiral Copper Complex-Catalyzed Alkene E → Z Isomerization.

Herein, we present an efficient and practical kinetic resolution (KR) of racemic allylic pyrazoles utilizing photoexcited chiral-copper-complex-mediated alkene E → Z isomerization. This method enables the synthesis of both enantioenriched E- and Z-allylic pyrazoles, achieving enantiomeric excesses (e.e.) of up to 97% and selectivity factors (S factors) as high as 217. Remarkably, the method's ability to furnish allylic pyrazoles with the Z-configuration, which is notably arduous to obtain under thermodynamic control, underscores the transformative potential of this synthetic protocol.

A method to comprehensively identify germline SNVs, INDELs and CNVs from whole exome sequencing data of BRCA1/2 negative breast cancer patients.

In the rapidly evolving field of genomics, understanding the genetic basis of complex diseases like breast cancer, particularly its familial/hereditary forms, is crucial. Current methods often examine genomic variants-such as Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs), insertions/deletions (Indels), and Copy Number Variations (CNVs)-separately, lacking an integrated approach. Here, we introduced a robust, flexible methodology for a comprehensive variants' analysis using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) data. Our approach uniquely combines meticulous validation with an effective variant filtering strategy. By reanalyzing two germline WES datasets from BRCA1/2 negative breast cancer patients, we demonstrated our tool's efficiency and adaptability, uncovering both known and novel variants. This contributed new insights for potential diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies. Our method stands out for its comprehensive inclusion of key genomic variants in a unified analysis, and its practical resolution of technical challenges, offering a pioneering solution in genomic research. This tool presents a breakthrough in providing detailed insights into the genetic alterations in genomes, with significant implications for understanding and managing hereditary breast cancer.

Super-resolution of diffusion-weighted images using space-customized learning model.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a noninvasive method used for investigating the microstructural properties of the brain. However, a tradeoff exists between resolution and scanning time in clinical practice. Super-resolution has been employed to enhance spatial resolution in natural images, but its application on high-dimensional and non-Euclidean DWI remains challenging. This study aimed to develop an end-to-end deep learning network for enhancing the spatial resolution of DWI through post-processing. We proposed a space-customized deep learning approach that leveraged convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the grid structural domain (x-space) and graph CNNs (GCNNs) for the diffusion gradient domain (q-space). Moreover, we represented the output of CNN as a graph using correlations defined by a Gaussian kernel in q-space to bridge the gap between CNN and GCNN feature formats. Our model was evaluated on the Human Connectome Project, demonstrating the effective improvement of DWI quality using our proposed method. Extended experiments also highlighted its advantages in downstream tasks. The hybrid convolutional neural network exhibited distinct advantages in enhancing the spatial resolution of DWI scans for the feature learning of heterogeneous spatial data.

A statistical resolution measure of fluorescence microscopy with finite photons

First discovered by Ernest Abbe in 1873, the resolution limit of a far-field microscope is considered determined by the numerical aperture and wavelength of light, approximately λ2NA\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\frac{\\lambda }{2{NA}}$$\\end{document}. With the advent of modern fluorescence microscopy and nanoscopy methods over the last century, this definition is insufficient to fully describe a microscope’s resolving power. To determine the practical resolution limit of a fluorescence microscope, photon noise remains one essential factor yet to be incorporated in a statistics-based theoretical framework. We proposed an information density measure quantifying the theoretical resolving power of a fluorescence microscope in the condition of finite photons. The developed approach not only allows us to quantify the practical resolution limit of various fluorescence and super-resolution microscopy modalities but also offers the potential to predict the achievable resolution of a microscopy design under different photon levels.

A Concise, Practical Chiral Resolution Approach of Racemic (E)-4,4-Dimethyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)pent-1-en-3-ol to Its both Enantiomers via Strategy of Diastereomeric Ester Formation and Crystallization Using both N-Boc-D- and N-Boc-L-phenylglycines as Chiral Auxiliaries

A Concise, Practical Chiral Resolution Approach of Racemic (E)-4,4-Dimethyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)pent-1-en-3-ol to Its both Enantiomers via Strategy of Diastereomeric Ester Formation and Crystallization Using both N-Boc-D- and N-Boc-L-phenylglycines as Chiral Auxiliaries

Redefining a global Cosmopolitanism: An attempt towards openness as a central concept in postcolonial conflict resolution

AbstractThe paper deals with the question whether cosmopolitanism is still a relevant concept for conflict resolution and peacebuilding. First, three common criticisms of cosmopolitanism are addressed, namely that it is Eurocentric, elitist and hegemonic. The paper concludes that these criticisms tend to focus on a limited liberal understanding of cosmopolitanism that does not do justice to the diversity of the concept. A redefinition and renarration of cosmopolitanism from a postcolonial standpoint is therefore necessary. Such a definition can only be an open minimal definition that leaves room for appropriation and localisation. This new, global perspective on cosmopolitanism is then evaluated against the background of conflict resolution in practice. The relevance of the concept becomes apparent when looking at the presence of elitist cosmopolitanism in the field.

Who Should We Blame for Android App Crashes? An In-Depth Study at Scale and Practical Resolutions

Android system has been widely deployed in energy-constrained IoT devices for many practical applications, such as smart phone, smart home, healthcare, fitness, and beacons. However, Android users oftentimes suffer from app crashes, which directly disrupt user experience and could lead to data loss. Till now, the community have limited understanding of their prevalence, characteristics, and root causes. In this article, we make an in-depth study of the crash events regarding ten very popular apps of different genres, based on fine-grained system-level traces crowd-sourced from 93 million Android devices. We find that app crashes occur prevalently on the various hardware models studied, and better hardware does not seem to essentially relieve the problem. Most importantly, we unravel multi-fold root causes of app crashes, and pinpoint that the most crashes stem from the subtle yet crucial inconsistency between app developers’ supposed memory/process management model and Android’s actual implementations. We design practical approaches to addressing the inconsistency; after large-scale deployment, they reduce 40.4% of the app crashes with negligible system overhead. In addition, we summarize important lessons learned from this study, and have released our measurement code/data to the community.

Aristotle on Softness and Endurance: Nicomachean Ethics 7.7, 1150a9–b19

Abstract In Nicomachean Ethics 7.7 (= Eudemian Ethics 6.7), Aristotle distinguishes softness (malakia) from lack of self-control (akrasia) and endurance (karteria) from self-control (enkrateia). This paper argues that unqualified softness consists of a disposition to give up acting to avoid the painful toil (ponos) required to execute practical resolutions, and (coincidentally) to enjoy the pleasures of rest and relaxation. The enduring person, in contrast, persists in her commitments despite the painful effort required to enact them. Along the way, I argue that this interpretation qualifies our understanding of the pleasures and pains with which temperance and intemperance are concerned.

Council of Europe Resolution on the Implementation of Pharmaceutical Care-A Step Forward in Enhancing the Appropriate Use of Medicines and Patient-Centred Care.

Pharmaceutical care was proposed to address morbidity and mortality associated with medicine-related problems. It utilises the pharmacist's expertise in medicines, their relationship with the patient and cooperation with other healthcare professionals to optimise the use of medicines. The European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), part of the Council of Europe, found significant variation in the acceptance of pharmaceutical care and in the implementation of pharmaceutical care in Europe. A multidisciplinary group was established to draft a statement of principles and recommendations concerning pharmaceutical care. Through face-to-face meetings, circulation of draft texts and informal consultation with stakeholders, the group produced a resolution. On 11 March 2020, the resolution was adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. It explains pharmaceutical care and illustrates pharmacists' contribution to medicine optimisation in different care settings. Pharmaceutical care's value to health services and its place in health policy were emphasised by addressing the risks and harms from suboptimal use of medicines. Pharmaceutical care can improve medicine use, promote rational use of healthcare resources and reduce inequalities in healthcare by realigning the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists and healthcare professionals. EDQM will promote and advocate for the implementation of pharmaceutical care by enacting practice Resolution CM/Res(2020)3.

Developing a teaching-research nexus in teacher education: recounts of an educator’s self-study

ABSTRACT This study shares perspectives on how a teaching-research nexus could be developed in teacher education practices. The focus is on one teacher-educator’s experience of learning to communicate the mutuality of teaching and research initiatives with a group of learner-teachers and colleagues during a college-based teacher education course in Eritrea. A self-study that includes interactions with critical friends, interviewing, and researcher diaries, facilitated in exploring the challenges and improvements in developing a teaching-research nexus while supporting the reflective collaborative practices of a group of learner-teachers. Using the analytic notion of turning points, we share findings on how the teacher-educator positions roles in the process of pedagogizing research, encountering uncertainties and finding practical resolutions while learning to support reflective practices, and a reframed notion of modelling. The study highlights a pedagogy of showing in contexts where teacher-educators are challenged to mediate between aspired and actual teaching practices.

Mental Health Among Elite Youth Athletes: A Narrative Overview to Advance Research and Practice.

Participation in sports during youth is typically beneficial for mental health. However, it is unclear whether elite sport contexts contribute to greater risk of psychological distress or disorder. The aims of this paper are to highlight conceptual issues that require resolution in future research and practice, and to examine the key factors that may contribute to the mental health of elite youth athletes (EYAs). A narrative overview of the literature combined with the clinical and research expertise of the authors. Narrative overview. Level 5. EYAs experience a range of biopsychosocial developmental changes that interact with mental health in a multitude of ways. In addition, there are various sport-specific factors that contribute to the mental health of EYAs that may become more prominent in elite contexts. These include - but are not limited to - patterns relating to athlete coping and self-relating styles, the nature of peer, parental, and coach relationships, organizational culture and performance pressures, and mental health service provision and accessibility. A range of critical factors across individual, interpersonal, organizational, and societal domains have been shown to contribute to mental health among EYAs. However, this evidence is limited by heterogeneous samples and varied or imprecise terminology regarding what constitutes "youth" and "elite" in sport. Nevertheless, it is clear that EYAs face a range of risks that warrant careful consideration to progress to best practice principles and recommendations for mental health promotion and intervention in elite youth sport. Level C.

Lending More Ink to the CBN v. Interstella Controversy: A Practical Resolution

Lending More Ink to the CBN v. Interstella Controversy: A Practical Resolution

A minority of final stacks yields superior amplitude in single-particle cryo-EM

Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is widely used to determine near-atomic resolution structures of biological macromolecules. Due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, cryo-EM relies on averaging many images. However, a crucial question in the field of cryo-EM remains unanswered: how close can we get to the minimum number of particles required to reach a specific resolution in practice? The absence of an answer to this question has impeded progress in understanding sample behavior and the performance of sample preparation methods. To address this issue, we develop an iterative particle sorting and/or sieving method called CryoSieve. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CryoSieve outperforms other cryo-EM particle sorting algorithms, revealing that most particles are unnecessary in final stacks. The minority of particles remaining in the final stacks yield superior high-resolution amplitude in reconstructed density maps. For some datasets, the size of the finest subset approaches the theoretical limit.