Elements Of Practice Research Articles

Emotions and cognitive processes in labor activity: the role of emotional intelligence

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the relationship between emotions and reason, as well as the phenomenon of emotional intelligence (furthermore - EI), which combines the ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. This paper examines the critical components of emotional intelligence, such as self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills, and their impact on the professional environment. A high level of emotional intelligence allows employees to more effectively cope with emotional stress, improve interpersonal relationships, motivate themselves and others, and make informed decisions in stressful situations. The article provides an overview of the main theories of emotions proposed in the context of analytical, cognitive, and domestic psychology, with the aim of expanding the understanding of emotional intelligence. The primary attention is paid to the analysis of theories that consider emotions as a result of physiological reactions or cognitive processes, as well as in the context of social learning and motivation. The critical aspects of the interaction of emotions with perception, motivation, and mental processes, as well as their role in the formation of the integrity of the personality and adaptation to the external environment, are considered. Essential accents are made on analyzing emotional reactions, assessing their significance for the subject, and searching for a connection between emotional states and cognitive activity. The article's conclusions emphasize the importance of EI as a critical factor in understanding emotional reactions, making it an essential element in psychological theory and practice.

The Impact of Language Revitalization Efforts on Indigenous Cultural Practices: A Case Study of the Tahltan, Cherokee, and Lakota Nations

Historically (and currently) Indigenous languages have been suppressed and marginalized within society, inspiring declining levels of language usage and L1 and L2 speakers. It can be argued that these declining levels of speakership have impacted the tangible and intangible elements of Indigenous cultural practices. Although Indigenous peoples have faced punishment for using their languages, the reclamation or revitalization of Indigenous languages can lead to the recovery of cultural knowledge and, in the process, help heal the trauma caused by colonization. This article seeks to address the impact language revitalization efforts can have on maintaining the cultural practices of Indigenous communities by examining three case studies of ongoing revitalization efforts: the Tahltan Nation, the Cherokee Nation, and the Lakota Nation. Moreover, a theoretical analysis will be conducted following the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis of linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism. A review of these practical and theoretical examples demonstrates that the language we speak can shape our thinking patterns as well as how we are predisposed to view the world.

A Scoping Review of Intervention Outcomes for School Students With Communication Difficulties.

For speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in schools, outcome measurement is an important element of practice, enabling us to evaluate the efficacy of our service provision and guiding future decision making, funding, and resource allocation. When selecting outcomes to measure, it is helpful to consider both the level at which change may be occurring and the extent or impact of that change. The primary aim of this review was to identify the outcomes measured in intervention studies for school-aged children with speech, language, and communication difficulties (SLCD) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to classify the outcomes. A second aim was to identify tools used in research studies to measure the outcomes. A systematic search of five databases was undertaken to identify papers reporting outcomes for school students who had received intervention targeting SLCD. Articles written in English and published between January 2000 and August 2021 were included. The Taxonomy for Categorizing Outcome Measures for SLCD was created to enable a review of outcomes and measurement tools. There were 125 papers included in the final review. Most papers (n = 109, 87.2%) reported on studies that included outcome measures that captured changes at Body Function level, while approximately half captured Activity-level change. Only 24 (19.2%) explored changes at Participation level. Change at the Body Function or Activity levels does not always reflect change at the Participation level. Measuring outcomes at the Participation level enables SLPs to determine the real-world impact of the adjustments they have recommended or the intervention they have provided. However, in order to measure outcomes at the Participation level, we need the tools for capturing those changes for school-aged students with SLCD.

Creativecritical relations: Outgrowing current crises of connection

Creativecritical writings and methods in the humanities are examples of what Anna Tsing et al. call arts of living on a damaged planet (Tsing, Bubandt, Gan, & Swanson, 2017). Exploring creativecritical writing as “arts of living”, this essay addresses life writings that reflect a vibrant more-than-human relationship: the topic of gardens and gardening. Combining elements of creative practice and critical analysis to generate and explore new ways of relating to knowledge, creativecritical writings make room for the uncertainties of embodied self-experience and self-reflection, shifting the focus from the largely disembodied knowledge practices which traditional university teaching relies on. The present exploration of what nouns, actions and methodologies to attach to the adjective “creativecritical” takes place in a global climate of threat: “The urgencies of the Anthropocene, Capitalocene, and Chthulucene demand [a] kind of thinking beyond inherited categories and capacities, in homely and concrete ways” (Haraway, 2016, p. 7).

Transformation in the digital era: optimising social media for news coverage

The development of communication technology also refers to the evolution of social media, which provides numerous benefits for its users. Journalists, in carrying out their work, have also undergone a transformation by optimising social media as an initial source of news. This research discusses the transformation of journalists in the digital era, focusing on optimising social media in covering news. The aim of this research is to analyse the use of social media by exploring the challenges and opportunities faced by journalists in utilising these platforms to obtain information, interact with audiences, and disseminate news swiftly and widely while adhering to the Journalistic Code of Ethics. This study is qualitative research employing a case study approach, with data collection methods involving in-depth interviews with journalists from various media outlets in Indonesia. The results of this research indicate, first, that the role of social media has evolved into a crucial element in modern journalistic practice. Social media, initially regarded as a social platform, has now become a primary source of information for journalists when commencing news coverage. The rapid dissemination of information via social media facilitates journalists' access to real-time data, the latest news, and public opinion. The Codes of Ethics serve as a guide to ensure that, despite information originating from social media, the verification process, objectivity, and balance of news remain paramount.

Exploring biomimetic inspiration and biomechanical optimization in brand design strategy

Nature’s principles serve as a source of inspiration for biomimetic design incorporating them to achieve the best functionality and creativity. Biomechanical optimization takes this approach further by focusing on the effective use of physical resources and dynamics. They offer a solid foundation for brand design. This research seeks to look into a new method for biomimetic and biomechanical brand design using a deep learning (DL) model called Resilient Ant Colony Optimized Generative Adversarial Networks (RAC-GAN). The dataset comes from primary sources, including current brand logos and biomimetic images from nature such as plant structures, animal shapes, and natural patterns. These biomimetic images show a range of organic forms and textures that can flash creative and practical design elements. The team filtered the collected images to get rid of duplicates and adjusted to have the same resolution. They applied techniques similar to contrast enhancement to make sure the training data was high-quality. After pre-processing, the dataset into the RAC-GAN model used biomimetic principles to copy organic patterns, while biomechanical optimization made sure the created designs balanced creativity with functionality. The suggested model combines generative modeling with ant colony optimization to guide the creation process. The aim is to make sure the design is strong and works well by using ant-like paths that change to find the best setups. The RAC-GAN methodology demonstrated its ability to generate new concepts for logos that remained accurate to the brand’s values.

The Perceived Impact of Leadership Practices of Academic Leaders on Student Success in a Higher Education Institution in South Africa

The research reported on in this paper was motivated by the need to investigate student complaints in the higher education sector in South Africa regarding the poor quality of teaching and learning which has resulted in low student success rates in many institutions in the country. To mitigate poor student success rates, higher educational institutions in South Africa need to consider implementing effective leadership practices of academic leaders to support students in their academic journey. This study identified how academic leaders leadership practices are perceived by students in a higher education institution in South Africa, and to identify which leadership practices are more impactful in supporting student success. According to Hoadley, Christie and Ward (2009) and Hallinger (2011), leadership practices are indeed aligned to academic performance. Grajfoner (2024) suggests that effective academic leadership is a key contributor to attaining academic excellence. However, Bryman (2007: 14) asserts that “one of the key problems in Higher Education is that not enough is known about exactly what makes an effective leader and what, in turn, may make them ineffective”. The theoretical framework upon which the study is based was developed by Mukan, Hawryluk and Stolyarchuk (2015: 42), who suggest that “leadership is a derivative quality of people collaborating, co-operating and supporting each other. It is characterized by openness and is a dynamic, inclusive, collegial process that occurs in a particular context”. In this research, a quantitative study was conducted using a purposeful sample selected from the target population of students at a higher education institution in South Africa. The final sample included 78 undergraduate students from the selected institution. The analysis undertaken in the study revealed that perceived leadership practices of academic leaders do have an impact on student success and that student success is not based on any one element of leadership practice alone; instead there are various perceived dimensions of leadership practices that play a role in promoting student performance. The findings of the study highlighted three key leadership practices that impact on student success, namely engagement, support and communication.

The psychometric properties of instruments measuring ethical sensitivity in nursing: a systematic review.

Recognizing and appropriately responding to ethical considerations is a crucial element of ethical nursing practice. To mitigate instances of ethical incongruity in healthcare and to promote nurses' comprehension of their professional ethical responsibilities, it is imperative for researchers to accurately evaluate ethical sensitivity. Conducting a systematic review of the available instruments would enable practitioners to determine the most suitable instrument for implementation in the field of nursing. This review aims to systematically assess the measurement properties of instruments used to measure ethical sensitivity in nursing. A systematic literature search was conducted in July 2022 in the following electronic databases: Scopus, CINAHL, APAPsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the studies in accordance with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The updated criteria for good measurement properties are used to rate the result of measurement properties, and the modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to grade the quality of the summarized evidence. This review encompasses a total of 29 studies that describe 11 different instruments. Neither cross-cultural validity nor responsiveness was examined in any of the included studies. Whereas the majority of the instruments were conducted with at least some type of validity assessment, nearly all of the reliability results rated were indeterminate. Two instruments were recommended, the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (ESQ-NS) and the Ethical Awareness Scale for nurses in intensive care units. It is recommended that new self-administration instruments for special nursing settings be developed in accordance with the item response theory (IRT)/Rasch model. The selection of ethical sensitivity measurement instruments in nursing, and further research on the development, psychometric, and cross-cultural adaptation of these instruments, could be conducted in accordance with the findings and suggestions of this systematic review. • This review was conducted to assess 11 instruments that were used to measure ethical sensitivity in nursing in 29 studies. • The Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (ESQ-NS) and the Ethical Awareness Scale for nurses in intensive care units can be recommended, but further reliability and cross-cultural validity testing are needed. • The IRT/Rasch model is also recommended to measure ethical sensitivity in nursing. • The potential limitation of utilizing the COSMIN checklist for assessing methodological quality is worth considering. • Test-retest was considered inappropriate; thus, the reliability testing of ethical sensitivity measurement instruments still needs to be explored.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Forensic Neuropsychology: Foundational Elements of Practice.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Forensic Neuropsychology: Foundational Elements of Practice.

RACISM IN FOOTBALL: CONTRADICTIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FROM THE REGENCY IN THE PEDAGOGICAL RESIDENCE PROGRAM

This abstract exposes racism in football in a discriminatory way, with its implications in conscious or unconscious practices (Almeida, 2019). The topic was addressed in the training of students through Physical Education (PE) classes, in the Pedagogical Residency Program (PRP), of the Federal University of Alagoas - Arapiraca Campus, at the Aurino Maciel Field School, of the state network, in the city of Arapiraca-AL. General objective: to work on racism in football, with a view to overcoming racial discrimination in the social sphere. Specific objectives: to combat the different forms of prejudice existing in football practices; to identify stereotypes and position oneself critically in the face of prejudiced behavior; to respect the diversity of gender, ethnicity, among others. Methodology: approach of Critical-Overcoming PE (Coletivo de Autores, 2012) and method of social praxis of Historical-Critical Pedagogy (Saviani, 2021). Taking social practice as a starting and finishing point, starting from everyday practice and equipping students, aiming for catharsis (incorporation of the constituent elements of sports practice). Activities developed: seminars, guided study, individual and group work, and practical classes with simulations of racist acts. Conclusions: racism was and still is very present in our society, and this becomes contradictory due to the existing measures to criminalize this behavior. People still insist on committing acts of racial discrimination, through gestures towards athletes. Finally, we conclude that soccer was developed within a historical context marked by racial prejudice.

Leading the early years of school: A relational and responsive model of early childhood pedagogical leadership

Early childhood pedagogical leadership has been found to enhance program quality by assisting educators to reach deeper understanding of pedagogical practices. In the early years of school where pedagogical tension resides, research on early childhood pedagogical leadership is scarce. Furthermore, there are few models of early childhood pedagogical leadership that describe how early childhood pedagogical leadership might be enacted in practice. This paper presents a relational model of early childhood pedagogical leadership that was developed from the findings of an investigation into early childhood pedagogical leadership enactment in school settings. The practical elements of pedagogical leadership outlined in this model may assist educators to understand how they can lead continuous improvement while empowering their colleagues and building leadership capability of their team.

The Perceived Impact of Leadership Practices of Academic Leaders on Student Success in a Higher Education Institution in South Africa

The research reported on in this paper was motivated by the need to investigate student complaints in the higher education sector in South Africa regarding the poor quality of teaching and learning which has resulted in low student success rates in many institutions in the country. To mitigate poor student success rates, higher educational institutions in South Africa need to consider implementing effective leadership practices of academic leaders to support students in their academic journey. This study identified how academic leaders leadership practices are perceived by students in a higher education institution in South Africa, and to identify which leadership practices are more impactful in supporting student success. According to Hoadley, Christie and Ward (2009) and Hallinger (2011), leadership practices are indeed aligned to academic performance. Grajfoner (2024) suggests that effective academic leadership is a key contributor to attaining academic excellence. However, Bryman (2007: 14) asserts that “one of the key problems in Higher Education is that not enough is known about exactly what makes an effective leader and what, in turn, may make them ineffective”. The theoretical framework upon which the study is based was developed by Mukan, Hawryluk and Stolyarchuk (2015: 42), who suggest that “leadership is a derivative quality of people collaborating, co-operating and supporting each other. It is characterized by openness and is a dynamic, inclusive, collegial process that occurs in a particular context”. In this research, a quantitative study was conducted using a purposeful sample selected from the target population of students at a higher education institution in South Africa. The final sample included 78 undergraduate students from the selected institution. The analysis undertaken in the study revealed that perceived leadership practices of academic leaders do have an impact on student success and that student success is not based on any one element of leadership practice alone; instead there are various perceived dimensions of leadership practices that play a role in promoting student performance. The findings of the study highlighted three key leadership practices that impact on student success, namely engagement, support and communication.

Pivoting Back to the In-Person Capstone Biochemistry Lab: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Online Modality to Improve the Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience.

The restructuring of an upper division biochemistry lab capstone course intended for biochemistry students with a range of laboratory experience was explored. A goal of the course was to give students practice with necessary skills needed for an entry level general position in biotechnology. The immediate impact of the online capstone course mandated by the COVID-19 pandemic limited students on learning essential hands-on research skills but evolved during the transition back to in-person instruction to include more elements of in-person practice. This article highlights the restructuring of the online remote course back to an in-person CURE capstone lab, which includes changes in the way information was disseminated and modifications in student assessments. This article documents how course evolution resulted in a shift in pedagogical strategies that also resulted in building a community of biochemistry learners.

A survey of beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors about evidence-based practice in physical therapists of Latin America: a cross-sectional study

Evidence-based practice (EBP) refers to the integration of scientific evidence into the clinical setting. This study aimed to determine whether Latin American physiotherapists use EBP, analyze the associated factors, barriers, and facilitators, and examine the relationships between these elements in clinical practice. To conduct this cross-sectional study, the web-based questionnaire survey method was chosen. Survey was self-administered questionnaires to assess understanding of various EBP-related terms and determine their knowledge and ability to apply these concepts in clinical practice. The association between attitudes, awareness, and knowledge scores and the demographic data such as age group, years of experience, professional membership registry, and self-reported education was assessed. The questionnaire was distributed to a total of 5000 physical therapists, of which 4099 (82%) responded from seven Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, México, Perú, and Venezuela), between June 1, 2020, and May 31, 2024. Overall, the physical therapists had positive attitudes, beliefs, and interests in EBP. Their educational background, knowledge, and skills related to assessing and interpreting information were associated to the use of EBP. In addition, 53% of respondents indicated that lack of time was the main obstacle to the use of EBP. The top 3 barriers included insufficient time (53%), lack of information resources (20.8%), and lack of research tools (13.6%). Among Latin American physical therapists, individual characteristics workplace, clinical experience, educational background, and demographic characteristics, may behave as facilitators or barriers when performing an EBP. Thus, identifying methods and strategies to support physical therapists in adopting EBP in the Latin American is necessary. The academization of physiotherapy training might change this in the future.

Valuing the Societal Impact of Medicines and Other Health Technologies: A User Guide to Current Best Practices.

This study argues that value assessment conducted from a societal perspective should rely on the Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (GCEA) framework proposed herein. Recently developed value assessment inventories- such as the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness's "impact inventory" and International Society of Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Research (ISPOR) "value flower"- aimed to more comprehensively capture the benefits and costs of new health technologies from a societal perspective. Nevertheless, application of broader value elements in practice has been limited in part because quantifying these elements can be complex, but also because there have been numerous methodological advances since these value inventories have been released (e.g. generalized and risk-adjusted cost effectiveness). To facilitate estimation of treatment value from a societal perspective, this paper provides an updated value inventory- called the GCEA value flower- and a user guide for implementing GCEAfor health economics researchers and practitioners. GCEA considers 15 broader value elements across four categories: (i)uncertainty, (ii) dynamics, (iii)beneficiary, and (iv) additional value components. The uncertainty category incorporates patient risk preferences into value assessment. The dynamics category petals account for the evolution of real-world treatment value (e.g. option value) and includes drug pricing trends (e.g. future genericization). The beneficiary category accounts for the fact health technologies can benefit others (e.g. caregivers) and also that society may care to whom health benefits accrue (e.g. equity). Finally, GCEA incorporates additional broader sources of value (e.g. community spillovers, productivity losses). This GCEA user guide aims to facilitate both the estimation of each of these value elements and the incorporation of these values into health technology assessment when conducted from a societal perspective.

Improving forensic examiner decision-making through deliberate practice.

Forensic examiners make important decisions to address legal questions, yet there is now ample evidence that their decisions can be subjective and inconsistent. This commentary suggests that elements of deliberate practice may help in not only having more consistent forensic decisions but also toward expected accuracy. Specifically, four elements of deliberate practice: (1) setting a goal, (2) motivation, (3) feedback, and (4) repetition are outlined with examples for addressing issues of cognitive bias and managing stress at work. If any of these elements are missing, such as delayed or no feedback, then suboptimal or no improvement of examiners' decision-making may result. This tool for deliberately improving decision-making may be applicable to other legal professionals; thus, potentially driving policies that may help enhance the criminal justice system broadly.

Doctor–patient communication practices: A cross-sectional survey on Indian physicians

ABSTRACT Background: Effective communication is a critical and fundamental element of a successful medical practice and exerts a substantial influence on patient contentment, adherence, and disease outcome. This study was planned to identify domains for improvement in doctor–patient communication to enhance good practices in the future. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 500 randomly selected samples of clinicians from government or private medical colleges across India. Data collection about current communication practices was carried out using google questionnaire forms and analysed. Results: Among the practitioners, there were 315 males and 185 females. The average time spent on patients’ consultation is 9.8 minutes. Nearly 80% of doctors do not introduce themselves to the patients, while half of the doctors consistently employ the patient’s name throughout discussion. The majority (82.8%) of the doctors listen to the patients attentively and showed empathy and positive attitude towards them. The maximum number of the doctors (55%) check that they comprehend what the patient explains about the disease, explain the need of prescribed tests (78%), and inform the result of the examination to the patient (68.8%). Approximately half of the study participants did not discuss the advantages and disadvantages of given treatments, but 78% of them agreed to do so in the future. More than half of clinicians schedule patient interviews to break unpleasant news. The majority of the doctors (60.8%) communicate the future treatment strategy and prognosis to patients. Conclusion: Overall, a positive attitude was observed; however, a few domains that needed improvements were discussing awareness of the disease, advantages and disadvantages of treatment, and patient satisfaction.

A deep neural network model for classifying pharmacy practice publications into research domains

BackgroundPharmacy practice faculty research profiles extend beyond the clinical and social domains, which are core elements of pharmacy practice. But as highlighted by journal editors in the Granada Statements, there is no consensus on these terms. Four domains (clinical, education, social & administrative, and basic & translational) of pharmacy practice faculty research are proposed. ObjectivesTo develop a classifier for categorizing pharmacy practice faculty publications into four proposed domains, and to compare the model with zero-shot performances of state-of-the-art, general purpose large language models (gpLLMs). MethodsOne thousand abstracts from 2018 to 2021 documents published by pharmacy practice faculty were reviewed, labelled and used to screen and finetune several Bidirectional Encoders Representations from Transformers (BERT) models. The selected model was compared with zero-shot performances of 7 state-of-the-art gpLLMs including ChatGPT-4o, Gemini-1.5-Pro, Claude-3.5, LLAMA-3.1 and Mistral Large, using 80 randomly selected abstracts from 2023 publications labelled with ≥80% consensus by all authors. Classification metrics included F1, recall, precision and accuracy, and reproducibility was measured with Cohen's kappa. A use case was demonstrated by testing the null hypothesis that the research domain distribution of faculty publications was independent of the pandemic. ResultThe model – Pharmacy Practice Research Domain Classifier (PPRDC) produced a 5-fold stratified cross-validation metrics of 89.4 ± 1.7, 90.2 ± 2.2, 89.0 ± 1.7, and 95.5 ± 0.6, for F1, recall, precision and accuracy, respectively. PPRDC produced perfectly reproducible classifications (Cohen's kappa = 1.0) and outperformed zero-shot performances of all gpLLMs. F1 scores were 96.2 ± 1.6, 92.7 ± 1.2, 85.8 ± 3.2, and 83.1 ± 9.8 for education, clinical, social, and translational domains, respectively. ConclusionsPPRDC (https://sadeosun-pprdc.streamlit.app) performed better than gpLLMs in this abstract classification task. Among several other impacts, PPRDC opens a new frontier in bibliometric studies; it will also advance the goals of the Grenada Statements by aiding authors and journal editors in journal selection and article prioritization decisions, respectively.

Knocking Down the Pillars of Democracy in Europe: Politicisation of Science and Law in Response During COVID-19

Abstract The European Parliament has stressed on numerous occasions in public documents and speeches its non-conditional support for the principles of democracy, the rule of law, good governance, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Yet as the pandemic has developed these principles have not been defended by various member states of the EU, being traded for public health and public good. This presentation seeks to critically analyse the content of key rhetoric and narratives from the outbreak of the pandemic until the present time through public statements that shall be contrasted against the “unconditional principles” above within the theoretical frame of Situational Crisis Communication Theory. Attention shall be paid to key political officials and understand the role of mainstream mass media and social media as gatekeepers of the orthodoxy of knowledge established. Orthodoxy of knowledge is group consensus on defining and constructing ‘realities’ in the physical realm, even when the consensus is coerced. Given the increasing lack of scientific debate, which is a fundamental element of good scientific practice, and the use of heavy handed and largely unsuccessful responses to the virus (such as lockdowns, vax passports and vaccination campaigns), Europe (not only) is in a precarious position in terms of its societal principles and practice. Crisis management is expediently rushed through face of fear and time constraint based upon a lack of consideration for the consequences and long-term effects, some of which are already emerging but being silenced. Hence a creeping crisis of significant psychological and physical impact is in the making.

Theoretically informed codesign of a tailored intervention to support pressure ulcer prevention behaviours by older people living in their own homes in the UK and their lay carers: an intervention codesign study (C-PrUP)

ObjectiveTo codesign a theoretically underpinned, healthcare practitioner-mediated, tailored intervention to support housebound older patients and their lay carers to adopt pressure ulcer prevention behaviours.DesignTheoretical domains framework informed codesign.SettingOne geographical area...