Practical Applications Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Unlocking the Potential of Silver Nanoparticles: From Synthesis to Versatile Bio-Applications.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are leading the way in nanotechnological innovation, combining the captivating properties of silver with the accuracy of nanoscale engineering, thus revolutionizing material science. Three main techniques arise within the alchemical domains of AgNP genesis: chemical, physical, and biological synthesis. Each possesses its distinct form of magic for controlling size, shape, and scalability-key factors necessary for achieving expertise in the practical application of nanoparticles. The story unravels, describing the careful coordination of chemical reduction, the environmentally sensitive charm of green synthesis utilizing plant extracts, and the precise accuracy of physical techniques. AgNPs are highly praised in the field of healthcare for their powerful antibacterial characteristics. These little warriors display a wide-ranging attack against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Their critical significance in combating hospital-acquired and surgical site infections is highly praised, serving as a beacon of hope in the fight against the challenging problem of antibiotic resistance. In addition to their ability to kill bacteria, AgNPs are also known to promote tissue regeneration and facilitate wound healing. The field of cancer has also observed the adaptability of AgNPs. The review documents their role as innovative carriers of drugs, specifically designed to target cancer cells with accuracy, minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Additionally, it explores their potential as cancer therapy or anticancer agents capable of disrupting the growth of tumors. In the food business, AgNPs are utilized to enhance the durability of packing materials and coatings by infusing them with their bactericidal properties. This results in improved food safety measures and a significant increase in the duration that products can be stored, thereby tackling the crucial issue of food preservation. This academic analysis recognizes the many difficulties that come with the creation and incorporation of AgNPs. This statement pertains to the evaluation of environmental factors and the effort to enhance synthetic processes. The review predicts future academic pursuits, envisioning progress that will enhance the usefulness of AgNPs and increase their importance from being new to becoming essential within the realms of science and industry. Besides, AgNPs are not only a subject of scholarly interest but also a crucial component in the continuous effort to tackle some of the most urgent health and conservation concerns of contemporary society. This review aims to explore the complex process of AgNP synthesis and highlight their numerous uses, with a special focus on their growing importance in the healthcare and food business sectors. This review invites the scientific community to explore the extensive possibilities of AgNPs in order to fully understand and utilize their potential.

Fabrication of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles with Improved Antibacterial Potential and Antioxidant Activity

Recent years have seen a dramatic uptick in both research into and practical application of nanoparticles (NPs). Many biomedical applications have found success with the use of nanoparticles due to their wide spectrum of significant biological effects, including antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Nanoparticles that aren't harmful are gaining traction as a promising new class of antioxidants. Cerium oxide is a lanthanide rare-earth element. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) exhibit a large surface area and good catalytic activity, the result of the dual oxidation state of CNPs, Ce3+ and Ce4+, has good antibacterial and antioxidant activity. CNPs were characterised by using analytical techniques such as the UVVisible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). CNPs exhibited a strong zone of inhibition against S. aureus (15mm) and E. coli (14mm). In vitro antioxidant activity of CNPs was investigated using the DPPH and ABTS techniques, with 50% of their radical scavenging potential being observed at concentrations of 47.61µg/mL and 49.26µg/mL respectively. Thus, our study reports that CNPS could be used as a prominent and efficient antioxidant and antibacterial agent. However, further studies are needed to understand the possible mechanisms of toxicity assessment.

PH-responsive high stability polymeric nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics

The practical application of nanoparticles (NPs) as chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems is often hampered by issues such as poor circulation stability and targeting inefficiency. Here, we have utilized a simple approach to prepare biocompatible and biodegradable pH-responsive hybrid NPs that overcome these issues. The NPs consist of a drug-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) core covalently ‘wrapped’ with a crosslinked bovine serum albumin (BSA) shell designed to minimize interactions with serum proteins and macrophages that inhibit target recognition. The shell is functionalized with the acidity-triggered rational membrane (ATRAM) peptide to facilitate internalization specifically into cancer cells within the acidic tumor microenvironment. Following uptake, the unique intracellular conditions of cancer cells degrade the NPs, thereby releasing the chemotherapeutic cargo. The drug-loaded NPs showed potent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo while exhibiting no toxicity to healthy tissue. Our results demonstrate that the ATRAM-BSA-PLGA NPs are a promising targeted cancer drug delivery platform.

Direct Monitoring of Molecular Events at the Surface: One-Step Access to Flexibly Stable Colloidal Ag Nanoparticles.

Design, control, and direct characterization of surface properties are prerequisites to all the practical applications of nanoparticles. Since stable and homogeneous colloidal conditions are required for most applications, the amenability of nanoparticles to in-solution processing must also be addressed. Herein, we demonstrate that solution 1H NMR spectroscopy is an effective tool for direct monitoring of the production of Ag nanoparticles. The production consists of two stages, complexation and reduction, which are both clearly observed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Design and synthesis of a series of amphiphilic amines have led to the one-step production of "flexibly" stable colloidal Ag nanoparticles, which form clear stable brown solutions in a wide range of solvents.

XPS investigation of titanium contact formation to ZnO nanowires

Ti is often used to form an initial Ohmic interface between ZnO and Au due to its low work function, and the TiO2/ZnO heterojunction is also of great importance for many practical applications of nanoparticles. Here, Ti has been controllably deposited onto hydrothermally grown ZnO nanowires and the formation of metal–semiconductor contact has been investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. XPS results showed that that the Ti initially reacts with surface oxygen species to form TiO2, and further deposition results in the formation of oxides with oxidation state numbers lower than four, and eventually metallic Ti on top of the TiO2. The formation of TiC was also observed. XPS showed that the onset of metallic Ti coincided with a Zn 3p core level shift to lower binding energy, indicating upwards band bending and the formation of a rectifying contact. Annealing caused a near-complete conversion of the metallic Ti to TiO2 and caused the Zn 3p to shift back to its original higher binding energy, resulting in downwards band bending and a more Ohmic contact. PL measurements showed that the optical properties of the nanowires are not affected by the contact formation.

Nanoporous Cellulose as Metal Nanoparticles Support

Despite considerable progress in the field of metal nanoparticles synthesis, major challenges remain in many practical applications of nanoparticles which require their immobilization on solid substrates, presenting additional difficulty in separation and processing. Here, transparent nanoporous cellulose gel obtained from aqueous alkali hydroxide-urea solution was examined as supporting medium for noble metal nanoparticles. Silver, gold, and platinum nanoparticles were synthesized in the gel by hydrothermal reduction by cellulose or by added reductant. Both methods gave nanoparticles embedded with high dispersion in cellulose gels. Supercritical CO2 drying of the metal-carrying gel gave corresponding aerogels with high transmittance, porosity, surface area, moderate thermal stability, and good mechanical strength. The cellulose and metal-cellulose gels were characterized by UV/vis spectroscopy, optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, nitrogen physisorption, TGA, and tensile testing, systematically.

Adsorption of Sodium Oleate on Nano-sized Fe3O4 Particles Prepared by Coprecipitation

Nano-sized Fe3O4 is one of the most important magnetic materials wildly applied in various fields and sodium oleate (SO) is a very useful anionic surfactant for dispersing nano-particles in aqueous solution in the practical applications of nano-particles. However, studies of its adsorption properties on Fe3O4 nano-particles are scarce. This work firstly characterized the shape, size and phase structure of the nano-sized magnetite (Fe3O4) particles synthesized with chemical co-precipitation in aqueous solution by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Then, the UV absorbance behaviors of sodium oleate (SO) aqueous solution were explored and the adsorption of SO on nano-sized Fe3O4 particles was carried out. Based on the UV characteristics of SO, the isothermal adsorption of SO on these magnetite nanoparticles was measured under pH 10.5 at room temperature. Meanwhile, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to confirm the attachment of SO on the magnetic particles. Moreover, the adsorption equilibrium isotherm was fitted well by the Langmuir mode and proved that this adsorption was a monolayer adsorption. Keywords: Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Sodium oleate, Absorption, Adsorption, UV Spectrophotometry