Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital Research Articles

The Impact of an Evidence-Based Bundle on Cesarean Section-Related Surgical Site Infections: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Objective To compare the effectiveness of an evidence-based bundle in minimizing cesarean section (CS)-related surgical site infections (SSIs) with that of standard routine care. Methods This was a single-center, parallel, and randomized clinical trial conducted at KAHER’s Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital, Belagavi, India, from January 2021 to December 31, 2021. Three hundred twenty women undergoing CS delivery were selected and allocated into two groups (1:1) using simple randomization with fixed allocation. An evidence-based surgical bundle (a combination of more than three perioperative interventions) was used for the intervention group, whereas the control group received routine standard perioperative care. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI (superficial, deep, and organ or space SSIs) within 6 weeks postpartum in both groups. Categorical and continuous data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests with a significance threshold set at P < 0.05. Results In this study, 16 and 17 participants each from the control and intervention groups, respectively, were lost to follow-up, resulting in a total of 144 and 143 study participants included in the respective groups. Twenty-eight (19.4%) and 14 (9.8%) women developed SSI in the control and intervention groups, respectively (P = 0.02). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most common cause of SSI in both groups (63.6% (7/11) and 100% (3/3) in the control and intervention groups, respectively). Conclusion The use of the evidence-based bundle for CS-related SSI prevention effectively decreased the incidence of SSI by half compared to standard routine practice. Implementing the use of this bundle in routine perioperative care will reduce the cost of CS and improve health outcomes in CS. Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry-India (www.ctri.nic.in). Registration number: CTRI/2020/11/029246.

A Comprehensive Retrospective Evaluation of Autopsy Findings and Histopathological Changes in Cases of Fatal Electrocution in Western Ghats of Karnataka, India.

Background: The aim of this study is to give an account of autopsy findings and histopathological changes in fatal electrocution cases. A secondary aim was to know the epidemiological profile, cause of death, and its relation to the survival period in fatal electrical injuries. study design: A retrospective study was undertaken of all fatal electrocution cases autopsied in the mortuary of Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital of Belagavi, Karnataka, India between January 2011 to December 2021. Data was collected from autopsy reports, police information, and hospital records. It was further analyzed and expressed in percentages. results: Cases represented 8.2% of all autopsy cases. Only 27% of cases were due to low voltage electric current. Burn injury was seen in 81% of total cases. 43% of cases showed both entry and exit marks. When the skin of this area was sent for histopathological examination there was a mononuclear infiltrate and subepidermal separation seen. There were interstitial hemorrhages on the right atrium of the heart and hemorrhagic foci were seen on the kidneys and lungs too. Petechial hemorrhages were seen on the heart, lungs, and brain. conclusions: Histopathological findings can be used as evidence in determining the cause of death. Deaths due to electrocution demand closer awareness.

Comparison of efficacy of filter paper cyanmethemoglobin method with automated hematology analyzer for estimation of hemoglobin.

BACKGROUND:Screening of hemoglobin (Hb) before blood donation is one among the vital tests. It is performed to select a blood donor to prevent the collection of blood from an anemic person. However, no accurate, cost-effective, reliable, and standardized method is available to estimate Hb.OBJECTIVE:The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of filter paper cyanmethemoglobin (FPCH) method with the automated hematology analyzer in the estimation of Hb concentration for screening of a suitable donor.METHODOLOGY:This was a cross-sectional study in which the blood samples of 2000 patients visiting KLE's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital, Belagavi, were collected in vials and directly estimated for Hb using automated hematology analyzer. To evaluate the efficacy of FPCH, 20 μL of blood sample was transferred onto Whatman filter paper and dried at room temperature. After drying, it was placed in 5 mL of Drabkin's solution for 30 min. Optical density was estimated by measuring the absorbance. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The correlation coefficient, paired t-test, and difference between the means of both the methods were calculated.RESULTS:The mean Hb estimated by FPCH was 11.25 g/dL and automated hematology analyzer gave 11.35 g/dL. The difference in the means of both the methods was 0.1 g/dL. Paired t-test was done to test the level of significance and the result was 8.151 (95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.13 g/dL, P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.976 (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:FPCH is an efficient method, which is comparable to the automated hematology analyzers for Hb estimation. It could be used as an alternative screening tool for detection of Hb in a blood donation camp.

Comparison of Manual, Semi-automatedand Fully-automated Enzymatic Methods for HighDensity Lipoprotein Estimation- A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Spherical particles with nonpolar neutral lipids at the center and more polar amphipathic lipids at their surface are called Lipoproteins. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) aids in cholesterol homeostasis by removing it from cells by several different mechanisms. The results of HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C) should be accurate and reliable, especially for the patients with borderline values, where the variation resulting from the methodology used may interfere with the interpretation of clinical scenario by the doctors. Aim: To compare the results of HDL values obtained by using three different technical methods. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using 30 serum samples from the Biochemistry laboratory of KLE Society’s Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India for HDL values, each for the three different technical methods (fully-automated, semi-automated and manual method). The data obtained was analysed statistically by computing descriptive statistics the mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient. Results: Results of serum samples analysed for HDL-C values ranged from 31-79 mg/dL (mean 43.1) in fully-automated analyser, 28.06-75.18 (mean 39.6) in semi-automated and 27.06-62.7 mg/dL (mean 39.7) using manual method. There was significant difference in the mean values of HDL-C values obtained using the three different methods and positive correlation was established on comparing semi-automated and manual method (Semi-automated v/s manual method, r=0.827) and found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: As HDL estimation is routinely done in many of the clinical laboratories, a sound knowledge of the HDL values obtained using different techniques can help the clinicians while ordering for the test and also for diagnosing and monitoring of the cases with various lipid abnormalities.

Study of “three delay model” of maternal morbidity and mortality in two tertiary care hospitals of Belagavi

INTRODUCTION: Every year millions of women around the world suffer from pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum complication. Approximately 810 women die every day worldwide from preventable causes related to pregnancy and delivery. The concept of severe acute maternal morbidity or near miss was aptly developed for the present health-care system. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined “near-miss” as a woman, who is close to death, survives a complication that occurred during pregnancy, delivery, or up to 42 days after the termination of her pregnancy. The important causes of maternal mortality and morbidity have been summarized as the three delays. These delays have been identified to understand the gap in access to adequate obstetric management. Delays in access to quality care have been identified as one of the important determinants of preventable maternal death. The present study was planned to assess the “three delay model” leading to the occurrence of severe maternal outcome (SMO) in two tertiary care hospitals of Belagavi, Karnataka, as proposed by the WHO near-miss approach. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to study the “three delay model” leading to maternal morbidity and mortality in two tertiary care hospitals of Belagavi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two major tertiary care hospitals of Belagavi, namely KLE Dr Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital and Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital for a duration of 1 year among antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum mothers experiencing SMO. A sample of 200 was calculated based on the prevalence of previous maternal near-miss (MNM) incidence ratio. To assess the MNM cases, “Modified Facility Based MNM Review Form” was used. RESULTS: Out of 200 MNM cases, 145 (72.5%) subjects belonged to the age group of 21–30 years and 17 (8.5%) of the women were aged ≥31 years. The mean ± standard deviation age of the study participant was 25.0 ± 4.45 years. Based on the obstetric profile of the study subject, it was noted that 139 (69.5%) participants had presented to the study hospitals as unbooked cases and 93 (46.5%) were primigravida. Majority (160, 80.0%) of the MNM women had presented as referred cases. The MNM incidence ratio in the present study was recorded as 12.05/1000 live births with a MNM: maternal death ratio of 3.3:1. All types of delays were noted among the study participant in our study. Type I delay that consisted of lack of awareness and resources was seen in 134 (67.0%) MNM cases, followed by 130 (65.0%) experiencing Type II delay comprising logistics delay between home and health-care facility and in between the health facilities along with lack of communication network and the third type of delay being observed at the referring health facility in all the referred study participant. Assessment of association between maternal outcome and the “3 delay model” by use of logistic regression analysis suggested that women who faced any kind of delay (I, II, and III) during their pregnancy were more likely to end up with poor maternal outcomes. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The present study aimed to assess the delays that lead to poor maternal outcomes. The current study revealed the deficiencies that need to be tackled and taken care of on an urgent basis. Hence, there must be a multidisciplinary approach to manage the high-risk maternal cases for timely intervention and management and reduce the burden of maternal morbidity and mortality on a global scale.

HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN WITH THALA SSEMIAAT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN BELAGAVI.- A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

A study was conducted on 90 children suffering with thalassemia who are attending thalassemia unit of KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital Belagavi. To assess the health related quality of life of children with thalassemia and to find out the association between health related quality of life of children with Thalassemia and selected demographic variables. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. Data was collected using standardized paediatric inventory quality of life (PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales) tool. Data obtained was tabulated and analysed in terms of objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that Majority 70 (77.78%) of thalassemia children had average level of quality of life where as minimum 10 (11.11%) of thalassemia children had low and high level of quality of life. The association between age groups and levels of QOL is found to be not statistically significant (Chi-square= 6.3530, p=0.1740) and the association between religions and levels of QOL is found to be not statistically significant.

Clinico-haematological profile of patients with bicytopenia

Bicytopenia is the reduction of any of the two cell lines of blood, i.e., erythrocytes, leukocytes or platelets. Many studies are done on pancytopenia but very few studies exist in the literature evaluating the spectrum of aetiologies of bicytopenia. To date, no study is available on bicytopenia in adults. We aimed to study the clinico-haematological profile of patients with bicytopenia and to investigate the different aetiologies of bicytopenia. Four hundred patients with bicytopenia admitted to KLE Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre were selected using systematic random sampling and included in the study. Their clinical profiles and haematological parameters were evaluated. Bicytopenia was observed in all ages with the mean age being 30.7 years. The occurrence of bicytopenia in different age groups was 6% in neonates, 7% in infants, 25% in children, 17% in teenagers, 85% in adults and 11% in elderly. The most common bicytopenia observed was anaemia with thrombocytopenia (61%) followed by anaemia with leukopenia (26%) and leukopenia with thrombocytopenia (13%). The male to female ratio was 1.6:1. The most common aetiology of bicytopenia was found to be non-malignant (56%) followed by infectious (31.7%), malignant (8.3%) and drug-induced (4%). Megaloblastic anaemia was the predominant aetiology among the non-malignant group, closely followed by immune thrombocytopenic purpura and alcoholic liver disease. The most common infectious disease was dengue (12%). Signs like lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were most significantly associated with haematological malignancies (p<0.001). Pallor, bleeding, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were most frequent in non-malignant conditions (p<0.001). Fever and lymphadenopathy were most frequent in the infectious category (p<0.001). The most prevalent signs in drug-induced aetiology were lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly (p<0.001). Bicytopenia is a good haematological indicator for many non-malignant and malignant diseases. Knowledge of its aetiologies can help in the diagnosis and efficient management of patients.

Assessment of functional outcome of mini-open rotator cuff repair: a hospital based prospective study

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; The mini-open repair is considered to be the gold standard for rotator cuff repair. This study was aimed to assess functional outcome of mini-open rotator cuff repair of shoulder joint in adult patients&lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This was a one year hospital based prospective study conducted from January 2016 to December 2016. A total of 20 patients diagnosed to have rotator cuff tear of shoulder joint undergoing rotator cuff repair in the department of Orthopaedics, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, and KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital, Belagavi were studied.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Majority of the patients (85%) of the patients was male and male to female ratio was 5.6:1. Most of the patients were aged between 31 to 40 years (30%). The mean age was 41.90±13.98 years. Most of patients had degenerative rotator cuff tear (45%) and (70%) presented with features of swelling. At enrollment all the patients (100%) had poor constant score (&amp;gt;30) and fair/poor UCLA score (&amp;lt;27) suggestive of severe pain functional restriction. There were gradual but steady increase in scores from enrollment to each follow up till six month follow up with respect to mean flexion (6.25±5.35 to 163.50±7.63),abduction (5.50±5.10 to 112.0±5.94),external rotation (3.00±4.7 to 82.50±2.56 ),internal rotation (2.50±4.44 to 67.25±3.43 ) and UCLA score (5.35±1.63 to 29.60±0.82 ) (p&amp;lt;0.001) also there was gradual but steady decrease in mean VAS score from enrolment (7.70±0.47 ) to six months follow up (0.00±0.00) and constant score ( from 85.70±1.98 to 7.85±1.46 respectively) (p&amp;lt;0.001). The constant score and UCLA score at six month follow up revealed excellent functional outcome&lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; The mini-open rotator cuff repair of shoulder joint results in excellent functional outcome among adult patients with rotator cuff tear of shoulder joint especially after six month with no complications and complete pain relief&lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

To compare the efficiency of maxillomandibular fixation screws over erich arch bar in achieving intermaxillary fixation in maxillofacial trauma: A clinical study

Introduction: Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) is regarded as a significant step in the management of maxillofacial trauma. Various techniques have been mentioned in the literature for achieving maxillomandibular fixation (MMF). The conventional methods such as arch bars and eyelet wiring are the most commonly used, but these methods have their own shortcomings. With the introduction of self-tapping MMF screws in 1989, many of the drawbacks with the use of arch bars can be eliminated. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of MMF screws over arch bars in achieving IMF. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients that required IMF as a part of their treatment and reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery KLE VKIDS and Dr. Prabhakar Kore charitable hospital, K LE, Belgaum, were included in the study. Patients were divided randomly into two groups: Group A: Patients treated using MMF screws and Group B: Patients treated using arch bars. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test and unpaired t-test. Results: There was a significant difference in oral hygiene index between the two groups at the end of the 14th postoperative day. The time taken for the placement of MMF screws was significantly less (mean 18.7 min) as compared to arch bars (mean 41.2 min). Screw loosening was seen in 4 (26%) out of 15 patients and 3 screws (4.5%) out of 66 screws used showed partial mucosal coverage at the end of 2 weeks. There were no cases of penetration injury in Group A, while in Group B, penetration injury to the surgeon was noted in 5 (33.3%) cases. Conclusion: MMF screws provided good intraoperative MMF. Placement of screws consumes less time and reduces the intraoperative period and also the risk of penetration injury to the surgeon. We also observed better oral hygiene, better patient compliance, and no major complications with the use MMF screws. Hence MMF screws proved to be an efficient alternative to the conventional methods of achieving IMF.

Efficacy and Safety of Atorvastatin in Dyslipidemic Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital

Aims: The objective of the study was to assess the safety, effectiveness and Adherence of morning versus evening atorvastatin administration in dyslipidemic Patients. Settings and design: A comparative study conducted at KLE’s Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital & Medical Research Centre; Department of Medicine; Belagavi, Karnataka, India. Methods and material: Patients who were prescribed atorvastatin 40 mg p.o. daily by their physician were interviewed by clinical pharmacist for study enrolment. Patients were excluded if they had any history diseases or medication known to effect serum lipid levels, blood samples were collected after overnight fasting period and serum lipid levels were measured at 4th and 8th week. Statistical analysis used: Paired t-test; SPSS version 20.0 Results: 85 male patients (83.3%) and 17 (16.6%) female patients with a mean ± S.D. age of 56.72 ± 10.09 years were enrolled into the study. All patients were receiving atorvastatin in the evening, after four week the same patients were changed to morning dose. No significant change in lipid values measured were found between morning and evening administration after 8 weeks. There were no difference in the incidence of clinical adverse reactions among the morning and evening regimen. Conclusions: Atorvastatin 40 mg was found to be safe and effective regardless of the time of drug administration i.e. morning versus evening without much change in the levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. On the contrary, significant adherence levels increased with morning administration than evening which may contribute to increase in compliance.

Retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing blood transfusion in obstetrics at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Belgaum: A cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to know the various indications of blood transfusion (blood and blood products) in obstetrics and to know transfusion reactions if any. METHODOLOGY: This study was done from September 2014 to September 2015 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KLE Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi. All women who received blood and blood product transfusion for any obstetric cause during this period were analyzed to know the indications for transfusion and to know transfusion reactions. RESULTS: A total of 204 women received blood and blood products transfusion in this study. The indications for blood and blood product transfusion observed in our study were anemia, obstetric hemorrhage, hemolysis, elevation of liver enzymes and low platelets, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, ruptured ectopic, ruptured uterus, and others (incomplete abortion, complete abortion, hydatidiform mole, and persistent trophoblastic disease). Anemia in pregnancy was the most common indication and was observed in 121 cases (58.45%) followed by Obstetric hemorrhage, which was seen in 40 cases (19.32%). The incidence of transfusion reactions was 4.41% in our study. CONCLUSION: A proper knowledge for blood and blood product transfusion is needed to make it available for people who are actually in need and also to decrease the economic burden. The appropriateness of utilization of blood and blood products lies with the physicians' compliance with blood transfusion guidelines. Anemia followed by obstetric hemorrhage still persists to be a major cause for blood and blood product transfusion. Measures to prevent anemia should be implemented. Obstetric hemorrhage is an emergency situation and cannot always be avoided or prevented. The development of various strategies to avoid transfusion reactions is needed.

Effectiveness of Music Therapy in Reducing Pain and Anxiety among Primigravid Women during Active Phase of First Stage of Labor

Pain of childbirth ranks among the most intense pain experiences. Literature suggests that primigravid women report more intense pain and anxiety requiring appropriate management. There are many non-pharmacologic measures to relieve labor pain and anxiety. Music therapy has found to be very effective in reducing labor pain and anxiety with no adverse effects, its use has been very limited. The objectives of the study were to assess the level of pain and anxiety of primigravid women in first stage of labor before administration of music therapy, to assess the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing pain and anxiety by comparing the pre and post test scores among primigravid women in labor and to assess the effectiveness of music therapy between the experimental group as compared to control group. The study was conducted on a sample of 60 (30 experimental and 30 control) primigravid women during active phase of first stage of labor who are admitted in labor room of K.L.E'S Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital Belgaum, using simple random sampling technique by envelope method. In the present study single-blind randomized control trial was chosen. Data was collected by using standardized visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and Zung'sself rating anxiety scale. The obtained data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study showed that music therapy is an effective, non invasive and cost effective non pharmacological measure among primigravid women in labor to reduce pain and anxiety, to increase coping ability and as a relaxation technique.

A comparison of titanium clips versus Roeder's knot tying suture in laparoscopic appendiceal stump closure: A 1-year randomized controlled trial study in KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital, Belgaum

Background and Objectives: Appendiceal stump closure during laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is an important step. This study was an attempt to evaluate the ease of use and safety of titanium clips compared to Roeder's knot in the appendiceal stump closure in patients undergoing LA by comparing complications (intraoperative and postoperative), hospital stay, and follow-up period. Materials and Methods: This 1-year randomized controlled trial was done in under the Department of General Surgery, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum from January 2014 to December 2014. A total of 60 patients were divided into two groups of 30 each that is, Group R (Roeder's knot using silk suture and Group T (titanium clips). Results: In this study 53.33% of the patients in Group R were females as compared to 36.67% in Group T ( P = 0.795). The mean age in Group R was 29.77 ± 11.24 years and in Group T, it was 29.53 ± 8.96 ( P = 0.929). Other preoperative characteristics of the study population in Group R and T were comparable ( P > 0.050). Significantly higher number of patients (60%) in Group T required lower operative time (45–60 min) compared to Group R (83.33% patients required 61–75 min P P P P = 0.177), postoperative complications ( P = 0.303), and follow-up period in both the groups were comparable ( P > 0.050). Conclusion and Interpretation: Appendiceal stump closure with titanium clips is advantageous in terms of operative time, pressure gradient, and offers early resumption of daily activities.

Pregnancy Outcomes at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karnataka, South India

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify the extent of adverse pregnancy outcomes and their distributions in a tertiary care hospital of the Karnataka, South India. Materials and methods A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital of Belgaum, Karnataka, India. This is the largest multifacility referral center of the Belgaum, Karnataka. Relevant information was scrutinized from the delivery register using structured proforma. Permission was taken from hospital authority for the conduct of study. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results Totally, 1,840 pregnant women attended labor room during April to September 2012. About 4.46% pregnancies ended at abortion and 5% delivered stillbirths (SBs). Three-fifths of the pregnancies were vaginal deliveries. Almost four-fifths were emergency cesareans among all the cesareans sections. Mean weight of the newborns was 2674 ± 51.00 gm. Low birth weight (LBW) was observed among 27.90%. Eight live births had one or other forms of congenital anomaly. Significantly, large numbers of SBs and LBW babies were born to the high-risk mothers and premature deliveries. High-risk mothers had multifold (adjusted odds ratio, 10.40) risk of delivering SBs and nearly double-fold (1.80) risk of LBW as against low-risk mothers. Conclusion Almost one-third pregnancies resulted in adverse outcomes. Adverse outcomes could be reduced by acting on the causes of premature births and preventing the mothers from developing risk factors through effective antenatal and intrapartum care. Further research to identify the causes of premature delivery and their preventions is recommended. How to cite this article Paneru DP. Pregnancy Outcomes at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karnataka, South India. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):193-197.

Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme (PTP) on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Neonatal Hypothermia among Postnatal Mothers

A study was conducted on 60 post-natal mothers admitted in post-natal ward of KLE'S Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital Belgaum. To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of neonatal hypothermia post-natal mothers and to associate the knowledge of mothers with selected socio-demographic variables.

Effectiveness of Infrared Lamp on Reducing Pain and Inflammation due to Episiotomy Wound

The objective of the study was to assess the intensity of pain experienced by postnatal mothers due to episiotomy wound before and after infrared lamp therapy and to evaluate the effectiveness of use of infrared lamp on reducing pain and inflammation. Imogene M King's theory of Goal attainment was used as a conceptual framework for this study. The study involves evaluative approach and the design was a single- blind randomized control trial. One hundred and twenty postnatal mothers were selected from maternity wards of K.L.E.S Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable hospital, Belgaum. The investigator collected the data for analysis and interpretation, using standardized scales such as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and REEDA scale. In order to examine the proposed association the data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics.