PPS Fiber Research Articles

Rigid-flexible coupling poly (phenylene sulfide) fiber membrane: a highly stable chemical and thermal material for energy and environmental applications

The poly (phenylene sulfide) (PPS) fiber membrane is composed of interwoven fibers, with a three-dimensional porous structure. The three-dimensional porous structure makes PPS fiber membranes have high porosity and large specific surface area, which stands out in the field of membrane separation. A PPS fiber is a high-performance fiber with excellent chemical and thermal stability. These characteristics allow PPS fiber membranes to be used in harsh membrane separation environments such as strong acids, alkalis, and high temperatures. However, the corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability of PPS fibers also make the preparation of PPS fibers and their membranes challenging. In this paper, the preparation method is summarized, including two direct methods to make a PPS fiber membrane: melt-blown spinning and melt electrostatic spinning, and two indirect methods: wet papermaking and weaving. Additionally, the applications of PPS fiber membranes are summarized in detail in energy and environmental fields, such as lithium-ion batteries, alkaline water electrolysis, air filtrations, chemical catalyst substrates, and oil-water separations. This review provides an insightful understanding of PPS fiber membrane preparation methods and the interconnections between these preparation methods and specific applications, thus laying a solid foundation for further advancing the range of PPS fiber membrane applications.

Effect of quercetin on the structure and oxidation resistance of polyphenylene sulfide fiber prepared by melt spinning

Polyphenylene sulfide fiber is easily oxidized at high temperature, thus vastly reducing its application range. In this study, polyphenylene sulfide/quercetin fibers were prepared via melt spinning. The effect of quercetin on the spinnability of the composite fibers was explored, and their cross-sectional morphology, crystalline properties, orientation, tensile properties, thermal stability and oxidation stability were investigated. At the quercetin content of 1.5 wt.%, particle agglomerates and some gasification, causing fluctuations in melt pressure, fiber breakage and poor spinnability, were observed in the polyphenylene sulfide matrix. The addition of quercetin can increase the crystallization temperature of polyphenylene sulfide, shorten its crystallization time, refine the crystalline particles therein, and improve the degree of fiber orientation. At the quercetin content of 1.0 wt.%, the tensile strength and elongation at break of composite fibers increased by 30.8% and 7.6%, respectively, as compared to those of pure polyphenylene sulfide fibers. Moreover, the decomposition temperature and the oxidation induction temperature at a 5% weight loss were 16.3°C and 13.4°C higher than those of the unmodified PPS fibers. The loss of strength of composite fibers subjected to oxidation for 240 h was only 18.4%. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the phenolic hydroxyl groups in the quercetin structure were able to capture free radicals generated during the oxidation of polyphenylene sulfide fibers, as well as inhibit the oxidative degradation reaction and improve the oxidative stability of the fiber. The oxidation resistance mechanism of composite fibers was also proposed.

Polyphenylene Sulfide Ultrafine Viscous Fibrous Membrane Modified by ZIF-8 for Highly Effective Oil/Water Separation under High Salt or Alkaline Conditions.

The oil/water separation in harsh environments has always been a challenging topic all over the world. In this study, the ZIF-8/PPS fiber membranes were fabricated via the combination of hot pressing and in situ growth. The distribution of ZIF-8 in the membranes was adjusted by changing the ZIF-8 in situ growth time, which could control the oil/water separation effect. Due to the hydrophilic nature of the ZIF-8/PPS fiber membranes, the water molecules in the oil-in-water emulsion could quickly penetrate into the fiber membrane under the drive of pressure, gravity, and capillary force, forming a water layer on the surface of the fiber membranes. The coupling of the water layer and the fiber structure prevented direct contact between the oil molecules and the fiber membrane, thereby realizing the separation of the emulsion. The results show that when the ZIF-8 in situ growth time was 10 h, the contact angle, the porosity, and the pure water flux of the ZIF-8/PPS fiber membranes were 72.5°, 52.3%, and 12,351 L/h·m2, respectively. More importantly, the separation efficiency of M10 was 97%, and the oil/water separation efficiency reached 95% after 14 cycles. This study provides a novel strategy for preparing MOFs/fiber materials for oil/water separation in harsh environments.

A Cleanable Self-Assembled Nano-SiO2/(PTFE/PEI)n/PPS Composite Filter Medium for High-Efficiency Fine Particulate Filtration.

A silicon dioxide/polytetrafluoroethylene/polyethyleneimine/polyphenylene sulfide (SiO2/PTFE/PEI/PPS) composite filter medium with three-dimensional network structures was fabricated by using PPS nonwoven as the substrate which was widely employed as a cleanable filter medium. The PTFE/PEI bilayers were firstly coated on the surfaces of the PPS fibers through the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique ten times, followed by the deposition of SiO2 nanoparticles, yielding the SiO2/(PTFE/PEI)10/PPS composite material. The contents of the PTFE component were easily controlled by adjusting the number of self-assembled PTFE/PEI bilayers. As compared with the pure PPS nonwoven, the obtained SiO2/(PTFE/PEI)10/PPS composite material exhibits better mechanical properties and enhanced wear, oxidation and heat resistance. When employed as a filter material, the SiO2/(PTFE/PEI)10/PPS composite filter medium exhibited excellent filtration performance for fine particulate. The PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm) filtration efficiency reached up to 99.55%. The superior filtration efficiency possessed by the SiO2/(PTFE/PEI)10/PPS composite filter medium was due to the uniformly modified PTFE layers, which played a dual role in fine particulate filtration. On the one hand, the PTFE layers not only increase the specific surface area and pore volume of the composite filter material but also narrow the spaces between the fibers, which were conducive to forming the dust cake quickly, resulting in intercepting the fine particles more efficiently than the pure PPS filter medium. On the other hand, the PTFE layers have low surface energy, which is in favor of the detachment of dust cake during pulse-jet cleaning, showing superior reusability. Thanks to the three-dimensional network structures of the SiO2/(PTFE/PEI)10/PPS composite filter medium, the pressure drop during filtration was low.

Melt differential electrospinning of polyphenylene sulfide nanofibers for flue gas filtration

AbstractPolyphenylene sulfide (PPS) nanofibers have broad application prospects in high temperature dust removal, high temperature oil‐water separation, radiation protection, and other fields. PPS nanofibers were prepared by melt differential electrospinning without any other additives, which ensures the excellent properties of PPS fibers. The effects of spinning parameters (spinning voltage, spinning distance, spinning temperature) on the morphology of PPS fibers were systematically studied, and the average diameter of PPS fibers with 1.28 μm was obtained under the optimum conditions (spinning distance of 6 mm, temperature of 310°C and spinning voltage of 35 kV). The effect of spinning voltage on the crystallinity and thermal stability of the fiber was analyzed. Finally, the filtration efficiencies of the commercial dust‐proof filter bags and the obtained PPS fibers with the same weight were compared. It was demonstrated that filtration efficiency of the obtained PPS fibers with 186 g/cm2reached up to 99.95%. This study aims to provide a new idea for green industrial manufacturing and application of electrospinning PPS nanofibers.

Study of thermomechanical coupling in carbon fibers woven‐ply reinforced thermoplastic laminates: Tensile behavior under radiant heat flux

AbstractThe present work focuses on the thermomechanical behavior of carbon fibers woven‐ply polyphenylene sulfide (PPS thermoplastic)‐based composite materials subjected to the combined action of a tensile mechanical loading and one‐side heat flux (40‐60 kW/m2) representative of fire exposure. An experimental bench was specifically designed to provide an insight in the coupling between a medium heat flux thermal aggression and a tensile mechanical loading (either in monotonic or creep mode) within quasi‐isotropic C/PPS laminates. When subjected to a monotonic tensile loading, a 50% increase in the heat flux lead to a 50% increase of the temperature at the exposed surface resulting in a 10% decrease in the maximum load borne by the laminates. When subjected to a creep loading at 60 kW/m2 (worst case scenario with the cone calorimeter), by dividing by 2.6 the applied creep stress (from 31% to 12% of the ultimate strength ), it results in a time‐to‐failure multiplied by 2.5. The temperature distribution on the exposed and back surfaces are measured to evaluate the influence of PPS matrix melting, pyrolysis, and fibers oxidation on the stress redistribution within the laminates plies.

Application of A New Firefighter Protective Clothing Material in Fire Rescue

Firefighters are usually exposed to high temperatures, smoke and other hazards from the environment when carrying out fire fighting and rescue. Fire fighting clothes are special protective clothes used to protect firefighters from high temperature and fire damage. PPS fabrics can meet the basic requirements of fire service coatings. According to the standard requirements of a pair of firefighters’ chemical protective clothing, this topic further coats the surface of PPS fabric to achieve a certain chemical penetration resistance, and does basic research on the application of PPS fibers in the outer layer of chemical protective clothing. It can be used to make exterior material of Fire Fighting Protective clothing. Fabric density affects the warp and weft tear properties, but due to the limited fabric density in this design, the density does not affect much. In addition, it has been found that reducing the latitude and longitude density difference can increase the latitudinal tear strength value. The possibility of multi-stage airbag cushioning type pressure-proof protective clothing captured in actual fire-fighting and rescue work is analyzed, which provides a certain guarantee for the safety of fire-fighters during fire-fighting and rescue operations.

Kinetics and evolved gas analysis of the thermo-oxidative decomposition for neat PPS fiber and nano Ti–SiO2 modified PPS fiber

Using isoconversional methods and model-fitting methods, the non-isothermal thermo-oxidative decomposition kinetics of the nano Ti–SiO2 modified PPS fiber (AO-PPS) and neat PPS fiber are investigated. Decomposition processes of both PPS fibers can be differentiated into two stages with totally different mechanisms. Using the Málek method combined with residual sum of squares, the most probable mechanism model of the first stage is derived, which belongs to the deceleration α-t curve and the integral form is g(α) = (1-α)−1-1. Thermo-oxidative decomposition processes of the second stage are the aggregation of many complicated reactions, which cannot be expressed through the simple, single kinetic mechanism. Evolved gas analysis of both PPS fibers gives an insight of the mechanism of the thermo-oxidative decomposition processes. The main reactions of the first stage involve the breaking of the phenyl-S bonds and the cross-linking of remaining molecules. The multiple complex reactions in the second stage verify the kinetic analysis of the mechanisms.

Fabrication and characterization of pre-oxidized PAN composite filters

In order to develop efficient and low-cost hot gas filtration medium, composite filters were prepared with PTFE fabric as the substrate, and mixing of OPAN fiber and PPS fibers as functional layers. The fiber entanglement was evaluated via image analysis, and some other characteristics, such as tensile properties, pore size, thermal stability, and filtration performance were also discussed. The results showed that with increasing ratio of PPS fibers, the fiber entanglement, breaking strength, thermal stability, and filtration efficiency increase, while the pore size decreases. Mixing with 40% weight PPS fiber leads to the filtration efficiency of the composite filter increasing from 64.68 to 94.68% for removing particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm.

Preparation and mechanical properties of poly(p-phenylene sulfide) nanofiber sheets obtained by CO2 laser supersonic multi-drawing

Abstract In this study, poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) nanofiber sheets were fabricated by winding PPS nanofibers onto a spool. Previously, PPS nanofibers have been prepared by irradiating a PPS fiber with a CO2 laser while drawing it at supersonic speeds by single-fiber injection through an orifice. Here, we incorporated the nanofibers obtained into large nanofiber sheets and determined their mechanical properties. Supersonic air was introduced into a vacuum chamber through eight fiber injection orifices to obtain large PPS nanofiber sheets. The nanofibers were collected for 10 min, producing a rectangle sheet with dimensions of 17 cm×18 cm, a thickness of 70 μm, and an average fiber diameter of 700 nm. The dependence of the sheet’s mechanical properties on winding speed was investigated in the machine direction (MD) and traverse direction (TD) at four winding speeds.

PPS-Polymer-Composites for High Performance Rubber Components

Based on their properties, PPS fibers are a promising material for reinforcing elastomeric components that are subjected to high mechanical and thermal loads. The use of this material is at present hindered because of the low adhesion between the fiber and matrix. Atmospheric pressure plasma treatments based on the dielectric barrier discharge were performed on PPS fibers using air as reactive gas for different treatment durations in order to improve the adhesion. The effects of these treatments have been characterized by determining the surface energy, and the residual tensile strength as well as by analyzing the surface chemistry. Required conditions for an improved wetting behavior and a significant increase in the polar component of the surface energy could then be identified.

Dyeing behavior of chemically modified poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide) fiber towards disperse, anionic, and cationic dyes

Poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) exhibits good dimensional stability and flame retardant characteristics but its commercial development as fibers is highly limited due to lesser dyeing and finishing characteristics. Hence in the present study, we focused on the anionic and cationic modifications of PPS to enhance its dyeing ability towards disperse, cationic, and anionic dyes. Novel sulfonation and chloromethylation-quaternization of PPS fiber were carried out to achieve an industrially viable dyeing process methodology. The chemically modified PPS fiber is dyed with disperse, cationic, and anionic dyes, and the dyeing adsorption efficiency is quantitatively studied using a dye-o-meter equipped with UV-visible absorption spectroscope. The ideal parameters for dye adsorption were determined as a function of dyeing time, material-toliquor ratio, dyeing temperature, carrier concentration, sulfonation, and chloromethylation. The fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were also studied. Overall, with a maximum dye uptake of 99 % and 90 % achieved for sulfonated PPS and quaternized PPS respectively, the optimized conditions can be readily scaled-up to the commercial dyeing of PPS fiber with disperse, anionic, and cationic dyes.

Poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) nanofibers prepared by CO2 laser supersonic drawing

ABSTRACTPoly(p‐phenylene sulfide) (PPS) nanofibers are prepared by irradiating a PPS fiber with a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser while drawing it at supersonic speeds. A supersonic jet is generated by blowing air into a vacuum chamber through the fiber injection orifice. Nanofibers obtained at a laser power of 30 W and chamber pressure of 10 kPa exhibit an average diameter of 600 nm and a draw ratio of 110,000. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analyses are employed to investigate the relationships among the chamber pressure, fiber morphology, and crystallization behavior. The nanofibers exhibit two melting temperatures (Tm): approximately 280°C and 320°C. The endothermic peak at Tm = 280°C is ascribable to lamellar crystals and that at Tm = 320°C to the highly complete crystals, since the polymer molecular chain is highly oriented. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40922.

Study on Preparation and Property of High Thermal Oxidation Stability PPS/SiO<sub>2</sub> Fiber

PPS/SiO2 composite was studied to enhance the thermal oxidation stability of PPS. In order to improve the dispersity of SiO2 in PPS matrix, the SiO2 was modified by silane coupling agent, KH-570. The fractured surface morphologies, thermal properties and rheological property of PPS/SiO2 composite were researched. The high thermal oxidation stability PPS/SiO2 fibers were prepared by melt spinning. The thermal ageing treatment was carried out, and the strength and retention strength, before and after ageing treatment, of two kinds of fibers (PPS fibers and PPS/SiO2 fibers) were compared. The results of SEM showed the good dispersity of the modified SiO2 in PPS matrix. After adding modified SiO2, the initial decomposition temperature increased. At the same time, the fiber strength and retention strength were improved, which can be found by comparing. Compared with pure PPS, after adding 1.0 wt%, which was proved to be the optimum dosage by the research, modified SiO2 into PPS, the initial decomposition temperature was increased by 15.3°C, the retention strength was increased from 60.3% to 85.1% after ageing treat.

Effect of Low Temperature Plasma Treatment on Surface Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfide Fiber

The performance of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber (PPS) was investigated by low temperature glow discharge plasma . The experimental results show that under the treatment of different plasma conditions, the PPS fiber surfaces appear the varying degree physics and chemical etching. It’s found that the friction coefficient and hydrophilicity of PPS fiber treated by low temperature plasma improve . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that the surface of PPS fiber produced etching, cross-linking, oxidation. Variations of tensile breaking strength of PPS with different parameters are analyzed.

Structure and properties enhancement in poly(phenylene sulfide) melt spun fibers. III. Effect of two zone drawing and annealing

AbstractThis article discusses the enhancement of structure and morphology of PPS fibers by annealing and two zone draw‐annealing. Also investigated is the comparison between fiber morphology and properties achieved by single zone draw‐annealing vis‐à‐vis extended annealing and two zone draw‐annealing. Annealing of undrawn as‐spun fibers yields tenacities around 4.5 gpd (grams/denier). It is shown that when compared with one zone drawing, two zone drawing improves PPS fibers' drawability and enhances the tensile properties significantly. Fibers spun from high molecular weight PPS resins, when drawn and annealed under optimum processing conditions during two zone draw‐annealing, possess tenacities around 6 gpd. A model for the fiber structure is proposed based on the morphological studies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

The Effect of Normal Pressure Air Plasma Treatment on the Hydrophilicity of PPS Fiber

Because of the hydrophobicity of PPS fiber,we used normal pressure air plasma treatment on PPS fiber with the rusult that the PPS fiber was modied and its hydrophilicity was improved effectively.The surface of PPS fiber was etched under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), observation. With the power and the time increasing, the water absorption of PPS fiber increased first and then decreased. However, to the breaking strength of PPS fiber, it was declined basically with the power increasing. Also, it had no great influence for the lasting of time.

Structure and properties development in poly(phenylene sulfide) fibers, part I: Effect of material and melt spinning process variables

AbstractThe detailed research study of manufacturing PPS fibers using melt spinning and further enhancement of tensile properties by drawing and annealing experiments, a study lacking as of today in open scientific literature, was the focus of this research. This article discusses the effect of polymer molecular weight (MW) and melt spinning process variables on the structure and properties development in melt spun fibers manufactured from proprietary Fortron® linear PPS resins. Structure‐properties relationship was studied using several characterization tools like tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light optical microscopy, and wide‐angle x‐ray scattering. Changes in dynamic mechanical behavior of as‐spun fibers manufactured from resins of varying MW and different melt spinning take‐up speeds were also studied. The study showed that by a combination of higher MW of the polymer and spinning at higher take‐up speeds, tensile properties of as‐spun PPS fibers can be improved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

Preparation of SiO<sub>2</sub>/PPS Fiber and Study of its Heat-Resistant Properties

Through the addition of nano-silicon dioxide in the pure polyphenylene sulfide, the masterbatches were obtained, then using melt spinning technology to prepare SiO2/PPS fiber. The structure and heat-resistant properties of samples were characterized by transmission election microscopy (TEM), infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and other measurements. The experiment results indicate that the mechanical and heat resistance properties of PPS fiber were improved after adding the content of 1%wt nano-silicon dioxide. When the fiber was heated at 230°C for 24 hours, the breaking strength and elongation increased by 2.412cN/dtex and 11.90% compared to the pure PPS fiber. Moreover, the working temperature raised by 50°C.

Introduction and Application of PPS Fiber

Introduction and Application of PPS Fiber