Ppm In pH Research Articles

New fabrication of CuFe2O4/PAMAM nanocomposites by an efficient removal performance for organic dyes: Kinetic study.

Today, removing pollutants from water sources is essential because of the population increase and the growing need for safe drinking water. Dyes are one of the most critical pollutants from industrial effluents such as paper and textile industries that profoundly affect the environment. There are several ways to remove environmental contaminants. Magnetic nanoparticles have a high ability to adsorb dyes. Of course, increasing the interaction between magnetic nanomaterials and pollutants is also essential, which can be done using porous materials such as dendrimers. In this work, the synthesis of CuFe2O4 magnetite nanoparticles within the polyamidoamine dendrimers structure was used as an efficient sorbent to remove both alizarin reds (ARS) and brilliant green (BG) dyes. Moreover, various parameters for dyes removal were studied. The optimum removal conditions were obtained for ARS within 30min at a sorbent dose of 2mg per 5mL for the initial dye concentration of 7.0ppm in pH 6at 25°C, and for BG within 45min at a sorbent dose of 5mg per 5mL for the initial dye concentration of 17.0ppm in pH 8at 25°C. At the optimum values of the above parameters, both dyes' removal efficiency was more than 97%. Also, the obtained results showed that the adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model and Temkin model for ARS and BG, respectively. This method was successfully used for the removal of both dyes in water samples.

Investigating Changes in the Physical and Chemical Effects of Tartarazine Dye Remove on Industrial Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Method

This study has been accomplished to investigate the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) in aqua and determine operative condition and the effect of elements (Iron, Aluminum as an electrode), as well as, different connections in the amount of removing the tartrazine color of aqua using DC sources in an electrochemical cell, including anode and cathode the effect of each of varieties like the density of electricity circulation, time of the electrolyze distance between two electrodes, the density of electrolytic and pH which can have the most effect on color destroy. For solution 500 ppm NaCl +50 ppm tartrazine, COD (the amount O2 in chemical activity) almost equals 40 ppm in pH about 6, the density of electricity flow was about 125 Am-2 and distance between two electrodes was 2 cm in 8 min from electrolyzing almost 100% color and 90% COD were canceled in next stage. We compared the efficiency of EC cells, including monopole electrodes in parallel connection and series with EC cells including polarize electrode along with one simple cell of EC. The result of this experiment demonstrated that EC cells including monopole electrode with series connection with sacrifices electrode of aluminum and cathode, anode iron had more efficiency and when using EC simple cells, including an ironic anode and cathodic aluminum. We could see better results rather than EC simple cells including ironic anode cathode.

THE POTENTIAL OF ADJUVANT AGAINST PRODUCTION OF ANTISTREPTOCOCCAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN Y (IGY) IN AQUACULTURE

This study was conducted to explore the potential of adjuvant for the production of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) as antistreptococcosis in layer chicken with mass production orientation. Enterococcus faecalis which causes streptococcosis in the red tilapia was selected as a candidateantigen. The production of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) was carried out on Isa Brown layer chickens and aged around 20 weeks. Furthermore, thechickens were grouped into four groups (A, B, C, and D groups), each consisting of three chickens based on the type of adjuvant, while twochickens were used as a control group. Each group was treated by giving MONTANIDE™ ISA 71R VG adjuvant (A), Freund's adjuvant (B), aluminum potassium sulphate adjuvant (KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O) concentration of 50 ppm in pH 7 (C), and only antigens without adjuvant (D). Chickens were kept for 35 days and each week was checked for presence the IgY antigen in the serum and egg yolk. Booster was conducted on 14th and 28th days of maintenance. The results showed that IgY in treatment group A was detected on day 28 in the serum and day 35 in the yolk. Whereas the treatment group B could be detected on day 35 in the serum. However, the IgY was not detected in the serum and yolk in C, D, and control groups until the end of the maintenance. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the appearance of IgY in serum and yolk in a relatively fast time is obtained in the combination of Enterococcus faecalis antigen with the emulsion of water-in-oil adjuvant (SEPPICMONTANIDE™ ISA 71R VG) compared to the other types of adjuvant that use in this study.

Laboratory investigation on the condensation and corrosion rates of top of line corrosion in carbon steel: a case study from pipeline transporting wet gas in elevated temperature

ABSTRACTA glass cell was designed to simulate the condition for top of line corrosion encountered in wet gas transportation pipelines. Aqueous solution of 3 wt-% NaCl saturated with CO2 at atmospheric pressure was employed. Effect of temperature gradient in the formation of condensation and its rate was investigated. API 5L Grade X65 carbon steel material was used as the working electrode for the experiment. The condensation rate was measured for the temperature gradient of 20°C, 30°C and 50°C under atmospheric condition for 24 h duration of the experiment. The corrosion rate of the specimens was measured using weight loss and Linear Polarisation Resistance (LPR) techniques. The LPR probe was immersed in the collected condensed water from the experiment to calculate the corrosion rate. The measured corrosion rate from the weight loss technique was in agreement with the corrosion rate measured from LPR. The corrosion rate measurement was repeated with the addition of 1000 ppm of pH modifying agent. This study indicates that the corrosion rate of pipeline and piping when subject to temperature gradient of 50°C and above is very high and alarming.

Determination of dissolved oxygen based on photoinduced electron transfer from quantum dots to methyl viologen

A rapid colorimetric methodology based on photoinduced electron transfer from excited CdS quantum dots (CdS QDs) to methyl viologen (MV2+) has been developed for the sensitive determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) content. The reduction of MV2+ is initiated by light excitation of CdS QDs, which induces the electron transfer from sacrificial donor glutathione (GSH) to the photogenerated hole of CdS QDs. Due to the presence of oxygen, the reduced radical-cation of methyl viologen (MV+˙) could be rapidly reoxidized, thus turning into the original methyl viologen dication (MV2+). The existence of MV+˙ is confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance technique. This proposed colorimetric methodology has been applied to quantify the concentration of DO in real water samples. The result is consistent with the value obtained while adopting the traditional standard Winkler's methodology. A linear response of the absorbance of CdS QDs-GSH-MV system to the different concentrations of DO is obtained in the range of 0.75∼7.95 ppm, with a detection limit of 0.23 ppm in pH 7.5.

Bactericidal effect of newly developed electrically oxidized water against several genera of bacteria

The purpose of this study is to investigate the bactericidal effects of newly developed electrically oxidized water (EOW) against several genera of bacteria and fungi. This EOW contained hypochlorous acid with chloride ion cuncentrations at 31.1±0.77 ppm in pH 5.20±0.09. Each genus of bacteria (initial concentration of 108 cells/ml) was incubated with EOW for 30sec., one minute, two minutes and five minutes at room temperature. Then the survival rate was determined by colony formation. For the genusStreptococci, E. coli, A. viscosus, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis andA. actinomycetemcomitans, survived cells were less than 102 cells/ml. But for the genusStaphylococci, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa andC. albicans more than 103 cells/ml survival. The bactericidal activity was clearly reduced in the presence of total saliva (final concentration at 10%). These results suggested that the newly developed EOW has a moderate bactericidal effects, and the application of EOW is recommended for disinfection by the washing out.

THE NITRATE DETINNING REACTION IN MODEL SYSTEMS

SUMMARY– As part of a coordinated research program on internal can corrosion, the action of nitrates on tinplate was studied in model systems simulating foods of varying acidities. Detinning rates were measured in citrate buffered nitrate solutions ranging in pH from 3.0–7.0. At pH values less than about 5.2–5.5 the detinning is extremely rapid, with slower rates at higher pH values. Nitrate concentrations of 125 ppm in pH 4 buffers completely detinned cans in about 2 months at ambient temperatures. Ammonia is the principal nitrate reduction product in the pH range of acid products. Nitrous oxide is also produced and acts as an effective detinner at pH 4 and 5. Nitrogen may also be produced at pH 5.