Ppm In Combination Research Articles

Effect of Scion Dip Treatments and Growing Condition on Physiological Parameter of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Wedge Graft cv. Dashehari

The current study was carried out on wedge grafting in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari during the2022-23 at the Fruit Research Station, Imaliya, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV Jabalpur. This research includes the use of many different plant growth regulators, ZnSo4, and growing conditions. The research was carried out using a statistical design known as Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD).The primary objective of this study is to determine the influence that different scion dip treatments and growing conditions have on the physiological characteristics of the plant. According to the findings, among the various treatments, IAA 200 ppm + ZnSo4 500 ppm under shade net condition was proved superior with respect to maximum chlorophyll content index (27,18.5), leaf area duration (2720.67 cm2/day, 2,620.67 cm2/day), leaf area index (8.65,1035) and light transmission ratio (24.05,18.15) at 60 and 120 days after grafting (DAG). It was also noticed that scion dip treatments with IAA 200 ppm in combination with ZnSo4 500 ppm under the shade net condition were favorable as compared to the open condition.

Efficacy of nanomaterials for sustainable crop productivity of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) var. Rani under naturally ventilated polyhouse

Nanomaterials, as a source of plant nutrients, play a significant role in cellular metabolism and nutrients uptake by plants, so they have the potential to improve the growth and productivity of Capsicum. A replicated field trial was carried out in 3 x 3 factors Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors viz., micronutrients (Cu, B and Mn) and nanomaterials (nano-Fe, nano-Zn and nano-Mg) applied at the rate of 1000 ppm to explore efficacy of nanomaterials and micronutrient for enhancing productivity of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) var. Rani. The layout of experimental area was designed to accommodate 9 treatments (3 x 3) and a control (without treating with micronutrients and nanomaterials). Inside the naturally ventilated polyhouse, the raised beds (height-30 cm, length-50 m, width-90 cm and bed spacing-60 cm) were prepared for the transplanting capsicum seedlings. Application of nano-Zn and/or nano-Fe @ 1000 ppm in combination with borax and/or CuSO4 @ 1000 ppm was significant (p<0.05) for improving various plant growth and productivity parameters of Capsicum. The combined application of nano-Zn with borax or CuSO4 and nano-Fe with borax or CuSO4 (@ 1000 ppm each) was the effective approach for improvement in plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, number of fruits, yield plant-1 and estimated yield hectare-1. The experimental findings of the present study confirm the necessities of nanomaterials as a nutrient source for enhancing capsicum's productivity to achieve food and nutritional security and promote sustainable agriculture, inclusive and sustainable economic growth of the farming community.

Efficiency and assimilation of nitrogen in bean plants through foliar application of zinc and molybdenum nano fertilizer

Fertilization with nanoparticles offers alternatives to improve the efficiency of nutrient absorption in a sustainable way in crops. The objective of this work was to study the influence of foliar application of zinc-molybdenum nanofertilizer (Nano ZnMo) on nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE), as well as on yield parameters and N assimilation in green bean plants cv. “Strike”. Three doses of Nano ZnMo (0, 4 and 8 ppm) were applied foliar in combination with four doses of N in the form of NH4NO3 in nutrient solution (0, 3, 6 and 12 mM). The treatment that obtained the greatest increase in total biomass was the combination of 6 mM N + 4 ppm Nano ZnMo, with an increase of 11.6% compared to the treatment without application of Nano ZnMo. The treatment that registered the highest yield was the combination of 3 mM of N + 4 ppm of Nano ZnMo with an increase of 39.3% compared to the treatment without foliar application of Nano ZnMo (3 mM of N). The utilization coefficients (NUtE) and NUE were favored with the foliar application of Nano ZnMo at 4 ppm in combination with 3 and 6 mM of N in nutrient solution. These treatments made it possible to reduce the dose of N fertilization without compromising production. Therefore, the foliar adhesion of Nano ZnMo makes it possible to improve the efficiency of nutrient absorption and sustainably increase crop productivity.

Serum Diamine Oxidase Values, Indicating Histamine Intolerance, Influence Lactose Tolerance Breath Test Results.

Lactose intolerance (LIT) is one of the major causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) spectrum complaints. Differences in inadequate lactose digestion are described as various LIT phenotypes with basically unknown pathophysiology. In LIT patients, we retrospectively assessed the effect of histamine intolerance (HIT) on expiratory hydrogen (H2) during H2 lactose breath tests. In a retrospective evaluation of charts from 402 LIT patients, 200 patients were identified as having only LIT. The other 202 LIT patients were found to additionally have diamine oxidase (DAO) values of <10 U/mL, which indicates histamine intolerance (HIT). To identify HIT, standardized questionnaires, low serum DAO values and responses to a histamine-reduced diet were used. Patients were separated into three diagnostic groups according to the result of H2 breath tests: (1) LIT, with an H2 increase of >20 parts per million (ppm), but a blood glucose (BG) increase of >20 mg/dL, (2) LIT with an H2 increase of 20 ppm in combination with a BG increase of <20 mg/dL, and (3) LIT with an exhaled H2 increase of <20 ppm and BG increase of <20 mg/dL. Pairwise comparison with the Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the areas under the curve (AUC) of LIT and LIT with HIT patients. Exhaled H2 values were significantly higher in H2 > 20 ppm and BG < 20 mg/dL patients with LIT and HIT (p = 0.007). This diagnostic group also showed a significant higher number of patients (p = 0.012) and a significant higher number of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms during H2 breath tests (p < 0.001). Therefore, low serum DAO values, indicating HIT, influence results of lactose tolerance breath tests.

Impact of growth hormones on vegetative propagation of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb.

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. commonly identified as ‘rudraksha’, belonging to Elaeocarpaceae possess a great religious, spiritual and materialistic significance which is placed under the threatened category in the tropical wet evergreen forests of North East India. Because of its over-exploitation, poor germination, low viability rate and hard seed coat, an attempt has been done for mass production of planting materials through cuttings and air layering’s. Cuttings trials were conducted during three different periods, mid - March, mid – July and mid – November by using Indol butyric acid and Napthalene acetic acid of 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 ppm where air layering’s were done during mid - May by treating IBA and NAA solution of 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm in combination with para-hydroxybenzoic acid of 2000 ppm as synergist. Application of IBA and NAA of different concentration did not encourage the growth in the cuttings in all three periods. Air layering’s treated with NAA 1000 ppm+2000ppm para- hydroxy benzoic acid and IBA 500 ppm +2000ppm para- hydroxy benzoic acid resulted the highest and same value of callusing and rooting percent (70 and 66.67%), respectively while minimum callusing and rooting percentage (56.67 and 51.67%) was recorded in control. The present study focused on the mass production of planting materials in shorter duration with a reasonable cost for enhancing production as well as socio-economic conditions.

IMPACT OF ROOTING PROMOTER (PHOS ROOT-X) WITH OR WITHOUT USING IBA ON ROOTING OF TERMINAL AND MIDDLE CUTTINGS OF ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.)

This study was carried out in the Ornamental Plants Farm, Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Two individual experiments were done. The first experiment aimed to study the effect of Phos root-x as newly rooting promoter at different rates (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 cm3/l) on rooting of the terminal cuttings of rosemary plants. This study was carried out on 20th of July during the two seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments with 3 replicates, every replicate contained 3 cuttings per treatment. Data collected refer to that the 2.5 cm3/l of the newly rooting promotors were the best. Chemical analysis of terminal cutting refers to a decreasing in C/N ratio of terminal cuttings with increasing of Phos root-x concentrations. The second experiment was done on 25th of October in the same seasons, 2019 and 2020 for both terminal and middle cuttings and treated with Phos root-x complex with or without IBA, the treatments were 0, 1, 2, 3 cm3/l of Phos root-x with or without IBA at 0, 100, 500 ppm in combination. The experiment consisted of 24 treatments; each treatment consisted of three replicates with 3 cuttings per replicate. Data showed that for all parameters the best types for rooting was terminal cuttings, and a higher concentration of phos root-x favored better results especially with 3 cm3/l level. These results may be due to the higher concentrations of amino acids complex inside the newly rooting promotor compound (Phos root-x).

Effect of squid pen chitooligosaccharide in conjugation with different modified atmospheric packaging conditions on color and storage stability of tuna slices

Effect of squid pen chitooligosaccharide (COS) at different concentrations (0, 400, and 800 ppm) on the discoloration and quality changes in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) slices packed under modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) using oxygen, argon or their mixture at 4 °C up to 9 days was investigated. Tuna slices packed with oxygen-based MAP in the presence of 400 ppm COS (C4-OXY) showed the lowest reduction in oxymyoglobin (oxyMb) and a* value (redness). This coincided with the lowest formation of metmyoglobin (metMb) than other samples (p < 0.05). Additionally, C4-OXY sample showed lower total viable count and lipid oxidation than the remaining samples (p < 0.05). However, argon-based MAP had no positive effect in retaining the quality of tuna slices. Nevertheless, COS at a high concentration (800 ppm) decreased the redness of tuna slices, especially those packed under argon-based MAP. COS generally lowered the oxidation of fatty acids of C4-OXY sample, as indicated by higher polyunsaturated fatty acids content than that of control sample (without COS treatment and kept in air). Overall, COS at 400 ppm in combination with oxygen-based MAP effectively reduced the metMb formation and maintained the redness of slices and prolonged shelf-life of slices with sensory acceptability at 4 °C for 9 days.

Investigation of the effects of ambient humidity on the combined application of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and diatomaceous earth against the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Entomopathogenic fungi (EF) and diatomaceous earth (DE) are effective alone or in combination against stored-grain insects. In this study, two Turkish isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and a Turkish DE were tested separately and in combination at three relative humidities (45%, 55%, 65%) and two temperatures (25ºC, 30ºC) to determine their efficacy against adults of the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). For the bioassays, 50 mL centrifuge tubes containing 40 g of wheat were used. For the controls, wheat alone was used. The EFs and DE were used at 300 ppm (w/w) individually and 300 ppm+300 ppm in combination. Insect mortality was recorded after 7 and 14 days. The application of B. bassiana with DE was equally effective against R. dominica at the three levels of RH used. Therefore, the further testing of combinations of entomopathogenic fungi and diatomaceous earths in grain storages under a range of ambient condition is recommended.

Humic Acid and Biofertilizer Applications Enhanced Pod and Cocoa Bean Production during the Dry Season at Kaliwining Plantation, Jember, East Java, Indonesia

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important crop in Indonesia, but many farmers still face problem in improving bean production. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of humic acid and biofertilizer applications on pod growth and yield of cocoa. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Plantation managed by Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute at Jember District, East Java, Indonesia from June 2017 to February 2018. The experiment used mature tree of Sulawesi from one clone. Treatment used were humic acid at level of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm in combination with biofertilizer at level of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm that were applied through soil and foliar respectively. Results of this experiment showed that there was an interaction between humic acid and biofertilizer on beans number per plant and photosynthesis rate. Plants treated with 1000 ppm humic acid produced the highest number of small cherelle. Biofertilizer applied at 1500 ppm increased cherelle number, healthy cherelle, number of young pods, number of harvested pods, bean weight per plant and bean yield. The combination of 1000 ppm humic acid and 1500 ppm biofertilizer increased bean production by 39.7%. The high bean production was in line with the high photosynthetic rate. Thus, humic acid and biofertilizer applications could be a way to increase cocoa bean production in this area.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Effect of Irrigation, Foliar Spray with Nano-fertilizer (Lithovit) and N-levels on Productivity and Quality of Durum Wheat under Toshka Conditions

Tow field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Water Studies and Research Complex (WSRC) Station, National Water Research Center, in Abu Simbel, Toshka Region, Egypt during two winter seasons 2015-16 and 2016-17. The main objectives were to study the effect of different irrigation levels [A1=100% of crop water requirements (ETcrop), A2=80% ETC and A3=60% ETC], three rates of nano-fertilizer (lithovit) (B1=0, B2= 200 and B3=400ppm), three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (C1=60, C2=80 and C3=100 kg N fed-1) and their interactions on yield and its component, water use efficiency (WUE), fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) and quality of durum wheat plants. The experimental design was a strip-split plot with three replications. The tested agronomic traits were: plant height, No. of tillers m-2, spike length, No. of grains spike-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation use efficiency (IWUE), fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) as well as protein and ash content, hectoliter weight and Hegberg falling number. The results indicated that the irrigation levels, nano-fertilizer concentrations and N-levels had significant effects on most yield component, water parameters, fertilizer use efficiency and quality of wheat plants in both seasons. Increasing irrigation levels from 60% to 100% increased all agronomic traits and FUE, but WUE, IWUE and falling number were decreased. The treatment of 400 ppm nano-fertilizer produced high values of all yield parameters, water relation, FUE except falling number. Increasing N-levels from 60 to 100 kg N fed-1 increased all studied traits, but FUE and falling number were deceased. The maximum grain yield (2192.4 and 2251.6), (2026.8 and 2075.7) and (1904.3 and 1964.3 kg fed-1) were produced when 100% of irrigation water, 400ppm of lithovit and 100 kg N fed-1 were applied in the two seasons, respectively. Based on the obtained results, it could be concluded that highest irrigation level of 100%, nano-fertilizer concentration of 400 ppm in combination with N-level of 100 kg fed-1 is suitable for Toshka climatic conditions to increase the grain yield and quality of wheat (Triticum durum L.).

Effect of pre-harvest foliar spray of nutrients and plant bio-regulators on shelf-life and quality of fruit of mango cv. DASHEHARI

HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE ABSTRACT : The present investigation was carried out in the orchard situated in District Saharanpur (U.P.) during the years 2010 and 2011 with an aim to improve the quality and shelf life of mango. The treatments were comprised of mulching, borax @ 0.5 and 1.0 per cent, potassium sulphate @ 0.5 and 1.0 per cent, calcium chloride @ 0.5 and 1.0 per cent, calcium nitrate @ 0.5 and 1.0 per cent, GA 3 @ 25ppm and 50 ppm, NAA @ 25ppm and 50 ppm in combination with mulching and water spray without mulching as control. The spray is to be done three times at different times at different stages during the year 2010 and 2011 which is given below-I spray on 15 January (i.e. before flower bud burst), II spray on 15 February (i.e. at panicle emergence) and III spray on 15 April (i.e. after fruit set). It may be concluded from the present studies that the application of CaNO 3 improves flowering parameters, increases the number of fruits and fruit yield and K 2 SO 4 increase the physical characters of fruit.

Rubemamine and Rubescenamine, Two Naturally Occurring N-Cinnamoyl Phenethylamines with Umami-Taste-Modulating Properties.

Sensory screening of a series of naturally occurring N-cinnamoyl derivatives of substituted phenethylamines revealed that rubemamine (9, from Chenopodium album) and rubescenamine (10, from Zanthoxylum rubsecens) elicit strong intrinsic umami taste in water at 50 and 10 ppm, respectively. Sensory tests in glutamate- and nucleotide-containing bases showed that the compounds influence the whole flavor profile of savory formulations. Both rubemamine (9) and rubescenamine (10) at 10-100 ppm dose-dependently positively modulated the umami taste of MSG (0.17-0.22%) up to threefold. Among the investigated amides, only rubemamine (9) and rubescenamine (10) are able to directly activate the TAS1R1-TAS1R3 umami taste receptor. Moreover, both compounds also synergistically modulated the activation of TAS1R1-TAS1R3 by MSG. Most remarkably, rubemamine (9) was able to further positively modulate the IMP-enhanced TAS1R1-TAS1R3 response to MSG ∼ 1.8-fold. Finally, armatamide (11), zanthosinamide (13), and dioxamine (14), which lack intrinsic umami taste in vivo and direct receptor response in vitro, also positively modulated receptor activation by MSG about twofold and the IMP-enhanced MSG-induced TAS1R1-TAS1R3 responses approximately by 50%. In sensory experiments, dioxamine (14) at 25 ppm in combination with 0.17% MSG exhibited a sensory equivalent to 0.37% MSG.

Seed biology, dormancy and phenophases of seed germination of three rare Himalayan herbs

The three of the Astavarga (8) species, Lilium polyphyllum (Kshirakakoli), Polygonatum verticillatum (Meda) and P. cirrhifolium (Mahameda), were included in the study. The seed viability test showed very low viability (22.5%) for L. polyphyllum, which was improved by hand pollination. These species possessed seed dormancy from 28 days to over two years. Gibberelic acid treatments of 1000 and 2000 ppm in combination with scarification of soaked seeds gave species specific results for breaking seed dormancy. The species included were described to have deep simple epicotyls morpho-physiological type of dormancy. They were found to have peculiar phenophases of seed germination, which have been discussed in detail along with diagrams.

Response of different chemical treatment on shelf-life and quality of tomato fruits (cv. GT-1) during storage in summer season

The present investigation was carried out to study the response of different chemical treatment on shelf-life and quality of tomato fruits. The fruit samples were drawn and analysed periodically for various physical and bio-chemical changes. In summer results revealed that tomato fruits treated with post harvest treatments of KMnO 4 + BLE reduce ripening and gave maximum marketable fruits with increased shelf-life of tomato fruits. The minimum loss in weight was noted when tomato fruits treated with 2 per cent bael leaf extract. The fruits treated with KMnO 4 3000 ppm + 2 per cent BLE increased the per centmarketable fruits with increase in storage period. Maximum shelf-life (10 days) was observed in fruits treated with KMnO 4 + 2000 ppm + 2 per cent BLE and KMnO 4 + 2000 ppm alone. Maximum acidity was recorded in T 1 with 2 per cent bael leaf extract. Ascorbic acid content was highest with the post harvest application of GA 3 400 ppm in combination with 2 per cent bael leaf extract. The fruits treated with GA 3 increases TSS, reducing sugar and total sugar at initial and later stage of storage, but acidity was increased at later stage of storage. Maximum percentage of reducing and total sugar was recorded in control condition.

Efficiency of curcumin, a natural antioxidant, in the processing stabilization of PE: Concentration effects

The stabilising efficiency of curcumin was studied in polyethylene during processing and under oxygen at high temperature. The effect of the natural antioxidant was investigated at concentrations of 0–1000 ppm in combination with a phosphonite secondary antioxidant (Sandostab P-EPQ) of 1000 and 2000 ppm, respectively. The polymer was homogenized with the additives then processed by six consecutive extrusions taking samples after each processing step. The samples were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, melt flow index, colour, and OIT measurements. Compared to the effect of pure phosphorous antioxidant, the melt stability of PE is increased already at 5 ppm curcumin content. The melt as well as the high temperature oxidative stability (OIT) of the polymer are controlled by both types of antioxidants. Curcumin hinders the oxidation of polyethylene and the formation of long chain branches during processing, which can be attributed to the fact that curcumin is not only a hydrogen donor but its unsaturated linear moiety can also scavenge alkyl and oxygen centred macroradicals. Curcumin discolours polyethylene already at small concentrations but the colour fades with increasing number of extrusions.

Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Proportion in Epididymal Adipose Tissue of Rats Fed Diets containing Fat from Different Sources

Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Proportion in Epididymal Adipose Tissue of Rats Fed Diets containing Fat from Different Sources Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Lcarnitine supplementation on growth performance and epididymal adipose tissue fatty acid composition in rats fed diets containing different sources of fat. In the first study, rats were assigned to four groups receiving dietary treatments to evaluate the effects of supplementation with L-carnitine 0 ppm or L-carnitine 50 ppm in combination with two types of dietary fat: 100% soybean oil and a mixture of 50% soybean oil and 50% beef tallow. In the second study, the animals walked 2 h/day at a speed of 840 m/h. No significant differences were observed in the growth test results of each study. In experiment 1, the total saturated fatty acid (SFA) proportion was significantly higher in the L-carnitine 0 ppm 50% soybean oil and 50% beef tallow group than in the other groups. Dietary Lcarnitine suppressed the increase in the SFA proportion observed upon beef tallow consumption. In experiment 2, Lcarnitine decreased the SFA proportion and increased the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) proportion. No interaction between the ingested fat type and L-carnitine supplementation on the proportions of individual fatty acids was observed, but Lcarnitine supplementation increased the C16:1 proportion and decreased the C18:0 proportion as a main effect in experiment 2. In conclusion, the current results suggest that dietary Lcarnitine decreased the SFA proportion in accordance with C18:0 utilization for energy production in walking rats.

Flowering, fruiting, yield and physical character of fruit of mango cv. DASHEHARI as influenced by pre-harvest foliar spray of nutrients and plant bio-regulators

The experiment was carried out in the orchard situated in district Saharanpur (U.P.) during the years 2010 and 2011 with an aim to improve the yield and physical characters of mango fruit. The treatments were comprised of mulching, borax @ 0.5 and 1.0%, potassium sulphate @ 0.5 and 1.0 %, calcium chloride @ 0.5 and 1.0 %, calcium nitrate @ 0.5 and 1.0 %, GA3 @ 25ppm and 50 ppm, NAA @ 25ppm and 50 ppm in combination with mulching and water spray without mulching as control. The spray was done three times at different stages during the year 2010 and 2011 which is given below-Ist spray on 15th January (i.e. before flower bud burst), IInd spray on 15th February (i.e. at panicle emergence) and IIIrd spray on 15th April (i.e. after fruit set). The findings of experiment were indicated that the application of borax @ 0.5 % along with mulching was most effective for increasing fruit quality. The shelf life of fruits was significantly increased by the application of growth regulators.

MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS MELINJO (GNETUM GNEMON) SECARA INVITRO

An experiment has been done at Laboratorium TLs.suc Culture of Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi danGenctik Pertanian, Bogor, starting on July 2001 until June 2(M)2. The objective of the research is to studymultiplication of melinjo bud (Gnetum gnemon) by using in vitro technique. The experiment used factorialcomplete randomized design witli 19 replications. The thidiazuron were used as treatments at the concentra-tion of 0; 0,1 and 03 Ppm in combination with three kinds of medium i.e. MS, WPM and Anderson. The resultshowed that treatment of melinjo bud thidiazuron 0,3 ppra in MS medium could increase number of budmultiplication.

Effects of nanosilver and sucrose on vase life of cut Rose flower (Rosa hybrid cv. ‘Royal’)

In cut flowers increasing of quality and duration of storage and minimizing wastes after harvest is very important. Silver thiosulphate (STS) is one of the materials that in this connection is used, but because of environmental pollutant, its application has been limited. Recent study evaluated the possibility of replacing nanosilver instead of STS. In this study, experimental design was factorial with two factors, including sucrose and several types of chemicals such as nanosilver, hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), copper nitrate and STS with three replications that were performed on the cut Rose flower cultivar royal using pulsed method. During the experiment, traits such as vase-life of flower, electrolyte leakage (EL), relative water content (RWC), leaf and flower qualitative traits and percentage of flowers opening were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed that between traits among treatments, there are significant differences. Mean comparisons showed that the use of STS in combination with 8 percent sucrose had the most effect on traits, so that vase-life of cut Rose flowers has increased up to 67.15 days. Application of nanosilver using concentration of 5 ppm in combination with 4 percent sucrose also could, to reach the vase-life of flowers to 67.13 days that it seems to bring effective treatment to increase the vase- life of cut Rose flowers. Use of STS in combination with different concentrations of sucrose and 15 ppm nanosilver with 4 percent sucrose had also a significant difference in maintaining of quality and vase-life of flowers other than chemical treatments. Key words: Sucrose, silver thiosulphate (STS), hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC), copper nitrate, nanosilver, Rose cultivar royal.

Effects of different levels of dietary supplemental selenium on performance, lipid oxidation, and color stability of broiler chicks

This study examined the effects of supplemental dietary selenium on growth performance, lipid oxidation, and color stability of broiler chicks. Male broiler chicks (Arbor Acres, 1 d old, total 900 chicks) were randomly assigned to 6 pens containing 30 chicks each, corresponding to each of 6 dietary treatments. Six different diets were supplied to the chicks from 3 to 6 wk of age. After 42 d of feeding, all the broilers were slaughtered conventionally at a slaughtering plant. The carcasses were packed in polyethylene bags in a manner similar to that used for retail trade and stored for 12 d at 4 degrees C. Body weight and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary selenium levels, and no adverse effect on growth was observed during the experimental period. The dietary selenium and alpha-tocopherol levels did not affect surface meat color or level of metmyoglobin accumulation. Lipid stability was improved by supplementation with 100 IU of alpha-tocopherol (P < 0.05). Dietary selenium supplementation at 8 ppm in combination with 100 IU of alpha-tocopherol, however, was more effective in reducing lipid oxidation compared with 100 IU of alpha-tocopherol/kg feed only (P < 0.05). Supplementation with 100 IU of alpha-tocopherol affected cholesterol oxidation product levels on d 7 and 12, but selenium supplementation did not have an additional effect on the reduction of cholesterol oxidation products. Therefore, an increase in the dietary selenium from 1 to 8 ppm revealed only minor improvements in the oxidative stability of chicken meat during refrigerated storage.