Ππ Interaction Research Articles

σ exchange in the one-boson exchange model involving the ground state octet baryons

Based on the one-boson-exchange framework that the σ meson serves as an effective parametrization for the correlated scalar-isoscalar ππ interaction, we calculate the coupling constants of the σ to the 12+ ground state light baryon octet B by matching the amplitude of BB¯→ππ→B¯B to that of BB¯→σ→B¯B. The former is calculated using a dispersion relation, supplemented with chiral perturbation theory results for the BBππ couplings and the Muskhelishvili-Omnès representation for the ππ rescattering. Explicitly, the coupling constants are obtained as gNNσ=8.7−1.9+1.7, gΣΣσ=3.5−1.3+1.8, gΞΞσ=2.5−1.4+1.5, and gΛΛσ=6.8−1.7+1.5. These coupling constants can be used in the one-boson-exchange model calculations of the interaction of light baryons with other hadrons. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Cancellation of the Sigma Mode in the Thermal Pion Gas by Quark Pauli Blocking

In this study, we calculate the pressure of the interacting pion gas using the Beth–Uhlenbeck approach to the relativistic virial expansion with Breit–Wigner phase shifts for the σ- and ϱ-meson resonances. The repulsive phase shift δ02 is taken from the quark interchange model of Barnes and Swanson, which is in very good agreement with the experimental data. In this work we show that the cancellation of the attractive (I = 0) and repulsive (I = 2) isospin channel contributions to the scalar ππ interaction in the low-energy region that is known for the vacuum phase shifts also takes place at a finite temperature. This happens despite the strong medium dependence of these phase shifts that enters our model by the temperature dependence of the σ-meson and constituent quark masses, because for these masses the relation Mσ(T)≈2mq(T) holds and the scattering length approximation is valid as long as the strong decay channel σ→ππ is open. Exploiting the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model for describing the dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry in the vacuum and its restoration at a finite temperature, we justify with our approach that the σ-meson should be absent from the hadron resonance gas description at low temperatures because the above cancellation holds. However, since this cancellation breaks down in the vicinity of the hadronization transition, where due to chiral symmetry restoration the decay channel σ→ππ closes and the σ-meson becomes a good resonance, the latter should be included into the statistical model description of chemical freeze-out in heavy-ion collisions.

Potential of subcritical water hydrolyzed soybean husk as an alternative biosorbent to uptake basic Red 9 dye from aqueous solutions

Bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic sources still faces problems related to the feasibility of this technological route. Within the biorefinery concept and clean technology, subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) is efficient for dissociating lignocellulosic biomass. The solid co-products can be used for other applications to become SWH a more feasible process. The potential use of subcritical water hydrolyzed soybean husks (SWHSH) as a biosorbent to remove basic Red 9 dye (BR9) from aqueous solutions was evaluated in this study. SWHSH was efficient in the uptake of BR9, mainly at a pH of 8.0. The Langmuir model satisfied the biosorption equilibrium profile with a biosorption capacity of 56.8 mg g−1. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the biosorption is spontaneous, with the ΔG0 ranging from − 22.08 to − 24.88 kJ mol1, with an endothermic nature (ΔH0 = 5.59 kJ mol−1). The biosorption equilibrium was in 60 min for all the initial concentrations studied. The Linear Driving Force (LDF) model fitted the data well, furnishing diffusivity values from 1.41 to 2.00 × 10−8 cm2 s−1. Desorption was also possible under acid conditions, and SWHSH could be effectively used 3 times. Last, the fixed-bed biosorption showed that the SWHSH could remove the BR 9 dye up to 180 min without regeneration, presenting a biosorption capacity of 46.1 mg g1 for 900 mL of treated effluent with an initial concentration of 200 mg L1. The characterization and biosorption results indicate that the BR9 tends to be adsorbed by physical forces, possibly by hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interaction, ππ interaction, and cation-π interaction. Overall, the SWHSH demonstrated potential application as a biosorbent for the removal of BR9.

The Fragmented Glueball: A Personal View

A coupled-channel analysis has been performed to identify the spectrum of scalar mesons. The data include BESIII data on radiative J/ψ decays into π0π0, KS KS, ηη, and ωϕ, 15 Dalitz plots from ¯N annihilation at rest at LEAR, the CERN-Munich multipoles for ππ elastic scattering, the S-wave from BNL data on ππ scattering into KS KS, from GAMS data on ππ π0π0; ηη, and ηη', and NA48/2 data on low-mass ππ interactions from K± → ππe±v decays. The analysis reveals the existence of ten scalar isoscalar resonances. The resonances can be grouped into two classes: resonances with a large SU(3) singlet component and those with a large octet component. The production of isoscalar resonances with a large octet component should be suppressed in radiative J/ψ decays. However, in a limited mass range centered at 1900MeV, these mesons are produced abundantly. Mainly-singlet scalar resonances are produced over the full mass range but with larger intensity at 1900MeV. The total scalar isoscalar yield in radiative decays into scalar mesons shows a clear peak which is interpreted as the scalar glueball of lowest mass.

Hybrid PCDTBT:PCBM:Graphene-Nanoplatelet Photoabsorbers

We study the photoactive properties of poly [N-9′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT): [6,6]-Phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) thin films under ultraviolet irradiation as well as their photo-oxidation, thermal and electrical properties. We compare their stability and performance with composites obtained by integrating graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). Compared to the pristine polymer, an increase in light absorption and photoluminescence quenching were observed in PCDTBT:PCBM:GNPs. This indicates the occurrence of electron transfer from the conjugated polymer to the empty state of the GNP, through the interfacial bonding based on CH-π and ππ interactions, thereby reducing the photodegradation of the active layer. This is manifested by a significant decline in photo-oxidation, followed by improved thermal stability and suppressed phase separation and aggregation of the PCBM molecules. Atomic force microscopy imaging of the PCDTBT:PCBM:GNPs nanocomposite revealed that graphene flakes enhance the order of the polymeric structures. Finally, we discuss the effect of the GNPs content on the electrical conductivity and electron mobility of the photoactive layer. Our findings offer significant insights into the PV properties and photo physics of hybrid organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells, paving the way towards enhancing their durability and long term performance.

Terahertz time-domain absorption spectra of Cu(I) complexes bearing tetraphosphine ligands: the bridge between the C-Hπ and ππ interactions and photoluminescence properties.

The synthesis of four heteroleptic dinuclear Cu(i) complexes bearing tetraphosphine and diimine ligands was reported. Complexes 1-3 were successfully obtained through microwave synthesis while complex 4 was synthesized through traditionally stirring at room temperature. These complexes are listed as follows: [Cu2(Dpq)2(dppeda)](ClO4)2·1.5CH2Cl2 (1), [Cu2(neo)2(dppeda)](ClO4)2·1.3CH2Cl2·1.7C4H10O (2), [Cu2(batho)2(dppeda)](ClO4)2·C4H10O (3), and [Cu2(batho)2(dpppda)](ClO4)2·3CH2Cl2 (4) {(Dpq = pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline, batho = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, neo = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dppeda = N1,N1,N2,N2-tetrakis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine, and dpppda = N1,N1,N4,N4-tetrakis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]-1,4-benzenediamine}. Their crystal structures have been elucidated by X-ray crystallography and their photophysical properties have been investigated in detail. Photophysical studies and time domain density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations show that the luminescence performance of these four complexes is ascribed to metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) mixed with ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT), and complex 2 shows green emission at 574 nm with the highest quantum yield of up to 52.80%. In addition, the research of photoluminescence properties under the guidance of terahertz spectroscopy technology leads to the preliminary discovery of a correlation between crystal packing and luminescence. It is found that the terahertz spectrum and absorption peak are strongly interdependent on C-Hπ and ππ interactions, and the external weak interactions have negative effects on the luminescence performance. Herein, we predict that the terahertz spectroscopy analysis establishes a bridge between weak interactions (C-Hπ and ππ interactions) and the photoluminescence properties, and puts forward a problem that should be noticed in designing Cu(i) complexes.

Electrically conductive Cu(II)-based 1D coordination polymer with theoretical insight.

A nitro-functionalized Cu(ii)-based one-dimensional coordination polymer (1D CP) [Cu(nip)(4-phpy)2]n (1) (H2nip = 5-nitroisophthalic acid and 4-phpy = 4-phenylpyridine) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). In the solid-state self-assembly of 1, two sets of weak intermolecular forces, CHπ interaction among the axially bound 4-phpy ligands and ππ interaction among bridging nip ligands from adjacent 1D coordination polymeric chains led to 3D supramolecular packing. Interestingly compound 1 exhibited electrical conductivity in the semiconducting regime and behaved as a Schottky barrier diode.

공액화 고분자-그래핀 옥사이드 복합체의 턴-온 형광 변화를 이용한 세슘 이온 감지

세슘 이온의 검출과 함께 형광이 증가하는 턴-온 형광센서를 공액화 고분자(CP)와 그래핀 옥사이드(GO)로 구성된 복합체로 제조하였다. 세슘 이온과 상호작용을 위해 CP의 곁사슬에 테트라에틸렌 글라이콜(TEG)기를 도입하였다. GO는 유기분자와 소수성 상호작용하여 소수성인 CP와 쉽게 복합체를 형성하는 특성을 가지며, 복합체를 형성하면 CP에서 GO로 에너지 전달이 일어나 CP의 형광이 사라지게 된다. CP-GO 복합체가 세슘 이온에 노출되면 CP의 곁사슬인 테트라에틸렌 글라이콜과 세슘 이온이 결합하고, 이로 인해 CP와 GO의 상호작용이 약회되어 CP가 GO로부터 유리되며, 이탈된 CP는 원래의 형광을 회복하게 된다. 이는 세슘 이온을 선택적으로 감지하는 형광 턴-온 센서로 사용가능하게 된다.

Aggregation-induced emission supramolecular organic framework (AIE SOF) gels constructed from tri-pillar[5]arene-based foldamer for ultrasensitive detection and separation of multi-analytes.

In this study, a novel aggregation-induced emission supramolecular organic framework (AIE SOF) with ultrasensitive response, termed FSOF, was constructed using a tri-pillar[5]arene-based foldamer. Interestingly, benefiting from the noise signal shielding properties of FSOF as well as the competition between the cationπ and ππ interactions, the FSOF shows an ultrasensitive response for multi-analytes, such as Fe3+, Hg2+ and Cr3+. The limits of detection (LODs) of the FSOF for Fe3+, Hg2+ and Cr3+ are in the range of 9.40 × 10-10-1.86 × 10-9. More importantly, the xerogel of FSOF exhibits porous mesh structures, which could effect high-efficiency separation above metal ions from their aqueous solution, with adsorption percentages in the range 92.39-99.99%. In addition, by introducing metal ions into the FSOF, a series of metal ions coordinated supramolecular organic frameworks (MSOFs) were successfully constructed. Moreover, MSOFs show selective fluorescence "turn on" ultrasensitive detection CN- (LOD = 2.12 × 10-9) and H2PO4- (LOD = 1.78 × 10-9). This is a novel approach to construct SOFs through a tri-pillar[5]arene-based foldamer, and also provides a new way to achieve ultrasensitive detection and high-efficiency separation.

Crystal-engineering and luminescence studies of 1,3,5-tris(3-pyridylethynyl)benzene or 1,3,5-tris(4-pyridylethynyl)benzene with copper(i) iodides.

Two isomeric C3-symmetric ligands, 1,3,5-tris(3-pyridylethynyl)benzene (L1) and 1,3,5-tris(4-pyridylethynyl)benzene (L2), were used to react with CuI to give a series of coordination frameworks containing various CuI clusters, {[(Cu2I2)2(L1)2]·C6H5CH3}n (1), {[(Cu2I2)1.5(L1)2]·1.5C6H6·CH3CN}n (2), [(Cu2I2)0.5(L1)]n (3), {[(Cu2I2)0.5(L2)]·C6H6}n (4), and {[(Cu2I2)(L2)]·C6H6}n (5), which have been isolated and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction studies. Although 1 is simultaneously composed of a rhombohedral Cu2I2 cluster and a step-cubane Cu4I4 cluster and 2 contains two types of rhombohedral Cu2I2 clusters in the frameworks, both give similar 3-D supramolecular architectures interpenetrated by 2-D layer frameworks. 3 forms a 1-D double-zigzag framework, and significantly the interlocking of the 1-D frameworks into the 28-membered rings of the adjacent chains generates a novel 1-D (1-D → 1-D) polyrotaxane framework. However, as the structural and isomeric analogue, 4 only forms a 1-D double-zigzag framework leading to a 2-D supramolecular structure by ππ interactions and C-HN hydrogen bonding. 5, composed of polymeric (Cu2I2)n cluster chains, forms a 3-D coordination framework and interpenetrates to give a 2-fold interpenetrated framework. It is noted that these coordination frameworks show various structural motifs depending on the reaction conditions and ligands' backbones. In addition, the low-energy emissions at 538-615 nm for 1-5 either at room temperature or at 77 K have been observed, which are most likely to originate from an iodo-to-copper charge-transfer transition, possibly modified by Cu(i)Cu(i) interactions.

Multifunctional porous hydrogen-bonded organic framework materials.

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) represent an interesting type of polymeric porous materials that can be self-assembled through H-bonding between organic linkers. To realize permanent porosity in HOFs, stable and robust open frameworks can be constructed by judicious selection of rigid molecular building blocks and hydrogen-bonded units with strong H-bonding interactions, in which the framework stability might be further enhanced through framework interpenetration and other types of weak intermolecular interactions such as ππ interactions. Owing to the reversible and flexible nature of H-bonding connections, HOFs show high crystallinity, solution processability, easy healing and purification. These unique advantages enable HOFs to be used as a highly versatile platform for exploring multifunctional porous materials. Here, the bright potential of HOF materials as multifunctional materials is highlighted in some of the most important applications for gas storage and separation, molecular recognition, electric and optical materials, chemical sensing, catalysis, and biomedicine.

Comprehensively understanding the steric hindrance effect on the coordination sphere of Pb2+ ions and photophysical nature of two luminescent Pb(ii)-coordination polymers.

New luminescent Pb(ii)-coordination polymers (Pb(ii)-CPs), [Pb(2-anc)2]n (1) and [Pb(3-qlc)2(H2O)2]n (2) (2-anc = 2-aminonicotinate, 3-qlc = 3-quinolinecarboxylate), were synthesized by a solvothermal reaction and characterized using microanalysis, IR spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis. Single crystal structure analysis revealed that the Pb2+ ion displays a hemi-directed coordination geometry in 1 and a holo-directed coordination geometry in 2. The difference between the coordination spheres of 1 and 2 is related to the steric hindrance effect of the ligands. A two-dimensional (2D) corrugated layer structure is formed in 1, and the neighboring layers are further extended into a three-dimensional (3D) van der Waals crystal by ππ interactions between the pyridyl rings in the neighboring layers. In contrast, a one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymeric chain is formed in 2, and the adjacent chains are connected in a 2D network by hydrogen bonds. The photophysical properties of 1 and 2 were studied at ambient conditions, disclosing that 1 emits phosphorescence at 548 nm with a millisecond-scale emission lifetime and an absolute quantum yield of 2.2%; 2 emits only blue fluorescence with an absolute quantum yield of 3.5% and nanosecond-scale emission lifetime. The reasons for the difference in the photophysical nature of 1 and 2 are discussed in regards to the electron band structure and density of states analysis.

Toward a dodecanuclear molecular Re(i) box: structural and spectroscopic properties.

Two tetrapyridyl ligands of 1,2,4,5-tetraethynyl(4-pyridyl)benzene (tpeb) and tetra(4-pyridyl)-tetrathiafulvalene (TTF(py)4) were used to react with trinuclear (Re(CO)4)3(C3N3S3) (C3N3S3 = cyanurate trianion) moieties to afford hexanuclear [(Re(CO)3)6(tpeb)2(C3N3S3)2]·4CH3CN·toluene (1) and dodecanuclear [(Re(CO)3)12(TTF(py)4)3(C3N3S3)4]·8CH3CN·12DMF (2) boxes, respectively, under solvothermal conditions. Surprisingly, similar tetrapyridyl ligands with different core units (i.e., benzene and tetrathiafulvalene moieties) led to dramatically different structural motifs (i.e., hexanuclear and dodecanuclear boxes). Complex 1 forms a slightly bent trigonal-prismatic structure, containing two μ3-tpeb ligands and two Re3C3N3S3 moieties as well as a ππ interaction distance of 3.86 Å. It is noted that complex 2 features a novel four-star structure, and three crossed tetrathiafulvalene moieties from three μ4-TTF(py)4 ligands to form a triple-decker arrangement with a ππ interaction distance of 3.70 Å. Moreover, 1 and 2 display luminescence properties in the solid state along with electrochemical properties for complex 2 arising from the electroactive TTF core.

Surface modified polypyrrole for the efficient removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous medium

In this study, we have reported the effect of acid doping on the adsorption of phenolic compounds on polypyrrole (PPy) particles. Both the in-situ doping and post-doping methods were adopted for the preparation of acid doped PPy particles. It is observed that acid doped PPy showed a higher adsorption capacity than the pristine PPy. It has also been observed that both in-situ doped and post-doped PPy have similar effect on adsorption. Electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and ππ interactions are assumed to be responsible for the adsorption. The adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and TGA. Batch adsorption experiments were performed under different experimental conditions. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were determined from the adsorption experiments. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models have been utilized to fit the experimental data. The experimental data fits best in Langmuir model. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of pristine PPy and post-doped PPy were found to be 21.3 and 31.6 mg/g for phenol and 29.3 and 43.6 mg/g for resorcinol respectively. The thermodynamic studies show negative ΔG and positive ΔH values for both phenol and resorcinol. The adsorption data fit best with pseudo first order kinetic model.

Cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes [Ir(tpy)(bbibH2)Cl][PF6] and [Ir(tpy)(bmbib)Cl][PF6]: intramolecular ππ interactions leading to facile synthesis and enhanced luminescence.

Cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes [Ir(tpy)(bbibH2)Cl][PF6] (1·PF6) and [Ir(tpy)(bmbib)Cl][PF6] (2·PF6), and the control complex [Ir(tpy)(mbib)Cl][PF6] (3·PF6) were synthesized at 135 °C for 10 hours for the former two complexes, while at 190 °C for 24 hours for the latter complex, in which the cyclometalated ligands bbibH2-, bmbib- and mbib- incorporate one or two N-methylbenzoimidazole/benzimidazole units in order to explore the influence of the molecular structures of these complexes on their synthesis conditions and luminescence behaviors. The 1H NMR and crystal structure measurements indicate that both 1·PF6 and 2·PF6 contain intramolecular ππ stacking interactions between the non-coordinated N-methylbenzoimidazole/benzimidazole unit and the tpy ligand, but there are no such ππ interactions in 3·PF6. At room temperature, these complexes in CH3CN reveal an emission with a combination of 3MLCT and 3LC characteristics, occurring at 534 nm with a quantum yield Φ = 39.5% and a lifetime τ = 2.39 μs for 1·PF6, 536 nm with Φ = 66.4% and τ = 2.94 μs for 2·PF6, and 558 nm with Φ = 27.0% and τ = 1.75 μs for 3·PF6. Moreover, both 1·PF6 and 2·PF6 exhibit a TFA-induced luminescence decrease. Based on the comparison among 1·PF6, 2·PF6 and 3·PF6, we discuss the influence of intramolecular ππ interactions and Nimidazole-H/Nimidazole-CH3 units in 1·PF6 and 2·PF6 on their syntheses and luminescence.

Construction of [2]rotaxane-based supramolecular polymers driven by wheel-stopper ππ interactions.

A new strategy for supramolecular polymerization is designed and presented, which is based on the wheel-stopper charge-transfer (CT) interactions of [2]rotaxanes containing π-electron-rich pillar[5]arene wheels and electron-deficient pyromellitic diimide (PDI) stoppers.

Adsorption characteristics of tetrabromobisphenol A onto sodium bisulfite reduced graphene oxide aerogels

Adsorbent 3-D sodium bisulfite reduced-graphene aerogels (S-rGA) were fabricated via the reduction of graphene oxide. It has high adsorption capacity and excellent reusability for the removal of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). S-rGA with its unique block and porous network structure was characterized using scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The adsorption characteristics of S-rGA to TBBPA were investigated through batch experiments. In the study, the adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption equilibrium well fit to the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 128.37mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption of TBBPA was exothermic and spontaneous. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that ππ interaction might be consistent with the adsorption of TBBPA by S-rGA. Furthermore, reuse experiments indicated that S-rGA could be regenerated five times with only a slight loss in adsorption capacity. These results demonstrated that S-rGA is potentially an ideal adsorbents for enhancing the adsorption capacity of TBBPA in aqueous environments.

Effect of surface, structural and textural properties of graphenic materials over cooperative and synergetic adsorptions of two chloroaromatic compounds from aqueous solution

Graphenic materials have been recently applied for adsorption processes due to their high efficiency and their easy capability of surface modification. In the present study two different graphene oxides, two reduced graphene oxides under inert atmosphere and one reduced graphene oxide under ammonia atmosphere were used as adsorbents for removing two chloroaromatic compounds from water: 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Hydrogen bonds and ππ interactions have been detected by Attenuated Total Reflectance infrared spectroscopy in the solids with adsorbed species. Besides, two direct relationships between their adsorption capacities and graphenic surface, textural and structural properties were found. In order to obtain real adsorption information, some experiments with the presence of both pollutants at the same time were performed. From these mixture experiments, when graphene oxide was used as adsorbent some cooperative effects between pollutants were detected. Based on XRD results and an innovative comparison between different infrared techniques, the importance of interlayer spaces during adsorption was demonstrated. Otherwise, synergetic interactions between pollutants were revealed as the main adsorption forces when reduced graphene oxides were used, being their aromatic structures a decisive factor in their final adsorption capacity.

Different conjugated system Zn(ii) Schiff base complexes: supramolecular structure, luminescent properties, and applications in the PMMA-doped hybrid materials.

A series of Zn(ii) complexes with different conjugated systems, [ZnL1Cl2]2 (Zn1), [ZnL2Cl2] (Zn2), [Zn(L3)2]·(ClO4)2 (Zn3), [Zn2L4Cl4] (Zn4), and [ZnL5Cl2] (Zn5), were synthesized and subsequently characterized via single crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, elemental analyses, melting point, and PXRD. The X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the supramolecular frameworks of complexes Zn1-Zn5 are constructed by C-HO/Cl hydrogen bonds and ππ interactions. Complexes Zn1-Zn3 feature 3D 6-connected {412·63} topological structures, whereas complex Zn4 exhibits a 3D 7-connected supramolecular framework with a {417·64} topological structure. However, complex Zn5 shows one-dimensional "wave-like" chains. Based on these varied structures, the emission maximum wavelengths of complexes Zn1-Zn5 can be tuned in a wide range of 461-592 nm due to the red shift direction of λem caused by different conjugated systems and their electron donating abilities. Complex Zn3 shows a strong luminescence in the solid state and in the acetonitrile solution. Therefore, a series of Zn3-poly(methylmethacrylate) (Zn3-PMMA) hybrid materials were obtained by controlling the concentration of complex Zn3 in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). At an optimal concentration of 4%, the doped polymer film of Zn3-PMMA displays strong green luminescence emissions that are 19-fold in the luminescence intensities and 98 °C higher in the thermal stability temperature compared to the Zn3 film.

Pion-eta scalar-isovector 3-coupled channel amplitude fitted to branching ratios and threshold plus subthreshold parameters

The low energy (below 2 GeV) πη channel interaction amplitude becomes an object of interest mainly because of the search for exotic mesons in just beginning to collect data detector GlueX in JLab. Finding and interpretation of expected weak signals from these states require a comparison with a very accurate amplitude containing standard ( qq ) states i.e. a 0 (980) and a 0 (1450). The main problem in the determination of such amplitude is a total absence of data about the phases and inelasticities in the elastic and inelastic region. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the next two coupled higher channels - KK and πη ′. Presented here amplitude is based on separable potential model (working very well for the scalar-isoscalar ππ interactions) with only 9 free parameters. To determine such 3-coupled channel amplitude, the following information has been taken into account: experimental branching ratios and positions of both a 0 resonances, theoretical couplings, scattering length from ChPT and value of squared radius of the πη form factor. Phase shifts, inelasticities and cross sections in all single and crossed channels are presented.