Ideological Power Research Articles

Elites and Education: Caroline Benn and the Policy Intellectuals of the British Labour Party, Circa 1950–1990

ABSTRACT This paper revisits and reassesses the intellectual and practical contribution of Caroline Benn (née DeCamp, 1926–2000) to politics, policymaking and practice at a crucial turning point in English education, which I call the ‘long comprehensive moment’ between 1950 and 1990. It articulates a strong sense that her involvement in significant public events warrants close investigation before it disappears from professional memory. The American wife of Tony Benn, one of the most influential post-war socialists in Europe, Caroline Benn stands out for her commitment to an educational system in which all young people could develop their talents to the full. Based on her newly available archive, containing thousands of documents, historically informed network ethnography is used to map her on-going effort and provide a detailed descriptive account of the ideological power and pervasiveness of the idea that a school system designed for an elite is not about social engineering, whereas comprehensive education which values all children, all parents, all neighbourhoods, equally is.

From a Contested Metropolitan to a Saintly Protector: Shaping Metropolitan Kiprian’s Image in 15th–16th Century Muscovy

This article discusses the shifting perception of Metropolitan Kiprian’s image in Muscovy. My analysis focuses on three aspects: Kiprian as a “pro-Lithuanian” actor and the complicated succession of Metropolitan Aleksii in Moscow, Kiprian as a legitimate metropolitan in the accounts and iconographical representations of the 1395 miracle of the icon of the Theotokos of Vladimir, defending Moscow from the Tatar attack, and Kiprian as a rightful member of a legitimate, Moscow-based ecclesiastical succession, after the 1472 discovery of the relics of all metropolitans buried in the Dormition Cathedral. I argue that the initially contested metropolitan became a saintly protector beginning with the second half of the 15th century, due to the emergent Muscovite ideology of power, aiming to illustrate a political and ecclesiastical unity of Rus’ polities under Muscovite rule. In Kiprian’s case, this culminated with his portrait as an ideal (and legitimate) spiritual father in the 16th-century Nikon chronicle, and with some minor attempts to include him among the local saintly protectors of the city.

Conceptualizing National Security in an Era of Great Power Rivalry: Implications for International Economic Law

AbstractUntil recently, the national security exception in investment and trade was understood in terms of defense against military invasion or attack and possibly extendable to economic collapse. However, national security is increasingly understood far beyond the classical contours of territorial integrity. Driven primarily by the China-U.S. hegemonic competition, the new conceptualization is exemplified in a dramatic expansion in U.S. investment and trade measures based upon conceptualizing national security as encompassing threats to a fusion of interrelated spheres of national strength including economic, technological, and ideological power. Moreover, the U.S. now understands security as the retention of superiority in an array of power spheres and encompasses denying China access to emerging technologies. China has similarly expanded her definition of security which is often referenced as “national interests” and embraces political stability (Party dominance), social stability, ideological security, and the defense of Chinese overseas interests, all of which lie far outside the classical definition of security. The untethered expansion in both the U.S. and Chinese conceptualization of security raises significant ramifications for the international economic architecture. As the guardrails of security are abandoned in pursuit of policy goals, a potentially overly broad and excessive notion of security risks deepening several overlapping perils to the current international legal landscape. The focus of this article is on the expansion of the national security exception in investment and trade and potential implications arising from an unfettered expansion.

Harmony and Tensions Between Desa Adat and The Bali Provincial Government: Exploring Implications of Regulation on Customary Village of 2019

The Bali Provincial Government collaborates with desa adat (customary village) to enhance their strength and resilience, notably through the enactment of Province of Bali Regulation Number 4 of 2019. However, excessive regulatory impact may diverge from this goal. This study explores the ideological framework shaping interactions between desa adat and the government post-regulation. Using a qualitative methodology, data were collected through literature review, observations, and in-depth interviews. The findings draw on theories of hegemony, ideology, discourse, and the power of knowledge. Hidden ideologies of power, capital, and religion influence these interactions. The regulation's uniform framework on diverse desa adat leads to resistance and inefficiency, reflecting hegemonic control and the use of ideology and knowledge to legitimize power. This article contributes to developing legislation that empowers the desa adat while maintaining their unique characteristics.

Psychedelic: An Illustration that Reveals False Power in Rhythm 0 Performance Art

The performance art entitled Rhythm 0 by Marina Abramovic is controversial, raising various questions regarding its power and influence in the context of art. This research aims to illustrate the microphysical approach to power in the performing arts Rhythm 0, where power emerges from fear and shifts to the dominance of the ideology of power. A qualitative approach with visual analysis techniques was used in this research to explain the phenomenon of this performing arts from a very subjective view. This created illustration entitled "Psychedelic" reveals false powers in the form of intense hallucinations involving auditory, visual and feeling experiences in the Rhythm 0. The basic principles of art were used as the basis for creating this illustrative work. In this case, the use of gold leaf, peony flower elements and halos in the illustration also has a solid symbolic value, so semiotics is used as a basis for giving meaning to the symbols used. The results of this research show that the apparent power contained in the Rhythm 0 performing arts can be revealed through an illustration entitled "Psychedelic", which describes the context of the artwork in depth. This research contributes to understanding Rhythm 0's artwork and enriches knowledge about using psychedelic illustrations as a medium for artistic expression. This research also highlights how these illustrations can communicate complex themes in the performing arts, strengthening our understanding of power dynamics in arts contexts.

Enactivist Distributed Cognition, and the Role of Distributed Social Practices in Social Change

I support much of Maiese and Hanna’s (M&H) account of the ways social institutions “mindshape” people’s cognition (values, meanings, affective framings, and habits of bodily comportment), and of the ways neoliberal individualism can be resisted and progressive social change can be enacted. But the overall approach can be augmented, I argue, if M&H would embrace an enactivist account of socially distributed and collective cognition, and action, in which cognitive systems include but are not limited to individuals. Complementing M&H’s focus on top-down “repressive” forms of power, with also “ideological” forms of power that are distributed throughout social communities and their discursive practices, symbolic resources, and shared meanings would enable M&H to see not just top-down mindshaping by institutions, but also peer-to-peer mindshaping between members of distributed normative social practices. This analysis also entails that diverse institutions are often composed of many differing communities and practices, such that institutions are not wholly destructive and deforming nor wholly constructive and enabling. It also augments their largely top-down account of social change with the kinds of social change enacted through peer-to-peer interactions between members of different communities, whose iterated interactions over time embody competition (differing distributions of repressive and ideological power) between different normative communities with different practices, especially through heterodox communities of resistance, offering liberatory and “enabling” social practices as alternatives to dominant orthodox “deforming” social practices.

Reading ideological power representations through space: the tale of two cities Berlin and Ankara

The study explores the entangled relationship between power dynamics and urban spaces particularly governmental spaces. Drawing from Foucault's conceptualization of power as a nuanced interplay of social processes, the research explores Berlin and Ankara's governmental structures and regarding urban plans while unveiling how power is manifested in built environments. However, rather than a comparative analysis, the study presents narratives of these cities since each reflects a unique historical contexts and power dynamics i.e. Berlin, is a historical centre of power, contrasting with Ankara, which presents republic's capital as a modernisation shift. The study uses, descriptive analysis and reveals how power is articulated within urban spaces and societal structures, while crystalising the shifts in political ideologies and their impact on governance structures. Therefore, study aims to investigate the role of urban planning and architecture in shaping power dynamics in relation to ideologies whether represented openly or subtle within the urban realm. The research, following descriptive analysis for the subjected cities, draws on secondary data as its primary source, and interprets the data through the lens of Lefebvre's dialectic of production of space and Dovey's investigations into power dynamics within the built environment, along with other contributions to the urban space and power literature. Ultimately, urban planning and architecture serve as representations of power, shaping societal narratives and identities. The study underscores the significance of understanding these narratives to comprehend the societal impacts of governance structures and power dynamics over time.

American imperial exceptionalism? Texas secondary World History depictions of American empire, 1925–2016

ABSTRACT This article explores the connection between American exceptionalism and empire denialism by examining high-school World History textbooks approved for use in the state of Texas from the 1920s to 2016. Scholarship suggests that the powerful ideology of American exceptionalism is deeply uneasy about the role of the United States as an imperial power in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. But despite this widespread assumption, World History textbooks for the past century have routinely labelled the United States an empire, and directly compared US actions with those of European colonising powers. Some textbooks portrayed this as a unique and aberrant time in US history. But other textbook accounts over the past century have made the case that US imperialism brought about material and political benefits to colonised peoples. In other words, a common thread in World History textbooks suggests that America created an exceptional empire. American imperialism was linked to an underlying narrative of the spread of European or Western civilisation, viewed as a cornerstone of modern world history.

Captured by Elites: The Portuguese Media System in Liberalism (1820–1926)

This article argues that the concept of ‘captured media’ is invaluable to a deeper understanding of the roles performed by media systems throughout European liberalism and early democratization of nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This case-study explores the structures of the media system during Portuguese Liberalism (1820–1926) in the scope of the Portuguese empire. The concept of the ‘Imperial Public Sphere’ is applied to show how imperial and colonial elites captured the media system to exercise and spread its political and ideological power. As a methodological approach to analyze the roles performed by press, the case-study relies on the model developed by Hallin and Mancini (2004), which is applied to three empirical cases. The use of the concept ‘captured media’ in the field of media history is a contribution to understanding the political roots of the press during colonialism and its legacy to contemporary media systems in Lusophone countries.

Equity in Action in Community College Leadership

Equity in action starts with a leader’s critical consciousness in relation to their identities, ideologies, and positionalities. In this essay, the following factors: ideologies, identities, and positionalities are explained and emphasized as they are essential factors that impact equity work. Leaders who center equity must explore their own critical consciousness through an equity lens so that they prioritize equity at the forefront while leading, collaborating, and making decisions in their leadership positions. The positionality of leaders is also critical on how they use their power to influence their community and amplify the voices of the underrepresented. One subset of the findings, Equity in Action, from my dissertation, Asian American Community College Presidents: The Power of Identities, Ideologies, and Positionalities is included in this essay. To set the foundation of the dissertation, the SEL framework, also known as the shared equity leadership framework (Kezar et al., 2021) is used to analyze how leaders build their own capacity in equity work. In addition, my positionality and development as an equity leader are reflected in this essay.

Film and the stigmatisation of ageing female sexuality: consumer commentary of Good Luck to You, Leo Grande

ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis of macro-level discourses of age, gender and sexuality in a meso-level consumer discussion from social media revealing how gender ideology and power materialise in the consumption of the 2022 film Good Luck to You, Leo Grande. We respond to the call to establish ‘how fictional representations in films…can be used discursively to understand market structure and consumption experiences’. We demonstrate the enduring value of popular culture as a window into understanding consumers. By establishing that postfeminist and successful ageing discourses are appropriated to inform consumption, we contribute to the theorisation of affective marketplace exclusion by arguing that these powerful ideologies weaponise stigma to marginalise and exclude, in other words, that the symbolic consumption of popular culture informs marketplace gendered and sexual politics.

Heroes, villains and naked nations: micro-solidarity and grounded nationalism in times of crisis

Figuratively speaking, the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–22) stripped nations naked, exposing the bare structure of how nationalism, as the driving force behind the nation-states, operates on the ground. Based on a survey conducted in April 2021 in five countries (Sweden, Serbia, Germany, Ireland and England), we thematically analyze two open-ended questions on who should be remembered as the heroes and villains of the pandemic, demonstrating that people’s perception of COVID-19 is shaped and reimagined through the category of their own nation-state. Two main arguments are put forward: (1) the vast majority of answers show that heroes and villains are found in small group encounters; (2) yet in-group micro-solidarity is referential to the existing organizational and ideological power of the nation-state. We utilize the notion of “naked nations” to show that, in times of crisis, people’s selfhood is profoundly grounded in micro-solidarity encounters that are tightly linked to nation-states.

Proclaiming the Unborn Child’s Humanity: A Feminist Rhetorical Analysis of the National Sanctity of Human Life Day Proclamations

The National Sanctity of Human Life Day (NSHL) was declared 22 times between 1984 and 2021. The proclamations were a strategy to strengthen electoral support for Republican presidents by validating the humanity of the unborn child. The presidents crafted a narrative of American exceptionalism supported by a beneficent Christian God, with the president serving as a moral leader. Collectively, the themes justified paternalistic authority over women’s reproductive autonomy. This feminist rhetorical analysis reveals the evolving power of the unborn child ideology from 1984 to the overturning of Roe v. Wade in 2022. The study demonstrates the rhetorical power of presidential ceremonial speech for building coalitions and advancing the president’s policy agenda.

Research on the Forming of Mainstream Ideology Among College Students in the Era of “Short Video”

Short videos, with their micro, fragmented, and diversified narrative methods, are profoundly changing the behavior and thinking patterns of users, and the mainstream ideological battlefield has been unprecedentedly impacted. The short video platform magnifies the characteristics of information dissemination in the Internet era. All users are both content publishers and content receivers, and the amount and speed of information dissemination are growing geometrically. Secondly, on the basis of producing a large number of short videos of the main theme, technological changes are utilized to fully improve the acceptance and interpretive power of the main theme ideology, providing a practical path for shaping the mainstream ideological identity of college students.

Analysis of Van Dijk's Critical Discourse on the Lyrics of the Song "Komang" by Raim Laode

Background. Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis is an approach used to uncover the power of ideology and power in texts. The lyrics of the song "Komang" by Raim Laode are the object of study because they contain social and cultural messages that are relevant to today's society. Purpose. This study aims to analyze how the lyrics of the song "Komang" reflect the strength of ideology and power structure in society through Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis approach. The specific purpose of this study is to understand the hidden meaning and social context presented in the lyrics of the song. Method. The research method used is the analysis of Van Dijk's critical discourse, which involves three main dimensions: text, social cognition, and social context. The data was collected through the analysis of the lyrics of the song "Komang" with a focus on the text structure, rhetorical strategy, and socio-cultural context that influenced it. Results. The results of the analysis show that the lyrics of the song "Komang" contain social criticism of injustice and inequality in society. Through the use of poetic and symbolic language, Raim Laode succeeded in conveying important messages about struggle and hope. The lyrics also reflect the ideology of resistance to oppressive power structures. Conclusion. The lyrics of Raim Laode's song "Komang" are not just a work of art, but also a form of strong social criticism. Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis reveals that the lyrics are loaded with ideological meanings and criticisms of social injustice. This research provides insight into how music can be an effective medium to voice social issues and influence people's thinking.

Image-based sexual violence and imperfect victims: the case for platform cooperativism in the online sex industry

ABSTRACT There is growing need for greater empirical understanding of the data violence experienced by online sex workers. Popular discourse about image-based sexual violence (IBSV), or ‘revenge porn’, often fails to identify the widespread proliferation of this practice within sexual services. This occurs as both consumers and adult-services platforms surreptitiously record and post performances on porn sites without consent, which can have severe implications for workers’ mental and social well-being. First, I apply a workerist lens to the neoliberal sexual agenda, which governs the (in)visibility and (un)freedom of online performers (OPs) across a variety of institutional settings. This exposes how top-down ideological power relations disappears OPs from legislative approaches to IBSV. Second, I show how IBSV emulates the tendencies of the platform business model, such as data appropriation and surveillance. I conclude with solutions including protections based in technology and human rights law, alongside platform cooperative development within a wider decriminalization framework.

Implications of Rock Art Aesthetics in Olmec Sculpture

AbstractThe development of freestanding stone sculpture by the Olmec people of Mesoamerica's Gulf lowlands has long been considered one of the defining artistic achievements of the Formative period. However, by the Middle Formative period the production of freestanding sculpture was often eclipsed by the contemporaneous creation of rock art outside the Gulf lowlands. In this article I argue that Gulf Olmec sculptors and audiences occasionally co-opted the aesthetic and ritual treatments of rock art at topographic shrines to construct and reinforce the sacred geographies of primary site cores. In so doing, Olmec elites converted the ideological power of the wild and the animate earth into a form of political capital.

Wacana Kelompok Agama Marginal Eks Syiah Sampang dalam Media Lokal Madura

This article examines local cyber media coverage in Madura about the ex-Shiite group in Sampang. Although Indonesia guarantees freedom of religion, religion-based conflicts still occur, especially the marginalization of minority groups. Through the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach, this research explores how the media discourses on the ex-Sampang Shia and shapes people's perceptions. The research highlights that the media not only reflects, but also shapes social structures through language and narrative choices. The results show the power of majoritarianism ideology and the role of the media in perpetuating social conflict. The research emphasizes the need for independent and ethical media in promoting dialogue, tolerance and social inclusion.

POWER RELATIONS, HEGEMONY AND IDEOLOGY

This research aims to explore three fundamental works that address interconnected aspects of political, philosophical and social thought. “Fascism”, by Evguiéni B. Pashukanis, released in 2020, offers a critical analysis of the ideological roots and social implications of fascism. Then, “Philosophy, Ideology and Social Science - Essays on Denial and Affirmation”, by István Mészáros, published in 1993, highlights the contradictions of the capitalist system and potential social transformations. Finally, “The German Ideology”, by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, written in the 19th century, provides a theoretical basis for understanding historical materialism and criticizing the dominant ideology. The research seeks to draw connections between these works to enrich the understanding of contemporary social and political dynamics.

Ideologi dan hegemoni kekuasaan dalam novel Hujan Karya Tere Liye

This research aims to analyze the ideology and power hegemony contained in the novel "Hujan" by Tere Liye. The research method uses qualitative method with content analysis technique. The data obtained from the novel "Hujan" focuses on quotations that describe ideology and power relations between characters. The results showed the representation of authoritarism, capitalism, and socialism in the novel represented through the behavior of characters, such as Lail, Maryam, state leaders, and scientists. In addition, this research also reveals the existence of power hegemony in the novel "Hujan". The power hegemony is depicted by state leaders who create and maintain their dominance through decision-making that affects society. The interaction between civil society and political society is reflected in the relationship between characters and institutions in the story. Thus, this study provides insight into the ideology and hegemony of power in the novel "Hujan" by Tere Liye. The results of this study are expected to help people to understand more about the social dynamics in society as well as the role of literature in reflecting and strengthening the ideology held by the dominant group. Keywords: Novel Hujan, Ideology, Hegemony